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The studies on folklore in Turkmenistan had begun in the Tsarist Russia. The first compilations on verbal culture of the region were done by Tsarist scientist in line with the cultural politics on Turkic communities of Tsarist Russia. A. N. Samoyloviç who was a student of W. Radloff and V. V. Barthold has developed an interest in history, language, literature, and particularly folklore of the Turkish tribes. He even organized several trips to Turkmenistan in order to observe the Turkish communities and collect data for his studies. Samoyloviç got the opportunity to observe and compile verbal cultural elements such as prov erbs, folktales, legends, and folk poems. In addition, Samoyloviç met Hocalı Molla during these trips that would accompany and help him to collect important information and data in his later studies. This study evaluates works done by Somoyloviç and Hocalı Molla on the folklore of the Turkmen. The results confirmed that the first and important studies on Turkmen culture had been done first by A. N. Samoyloviç. Hocalı Molla had also been a paramount importance in the history of Turkmen folklore research not only because he had helped Samoyloviç in his studies, but his research on the same topic had been of significant importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of patronage character is of vital importance for proper understanding of the Anatolian Seljuk art. There Are several reasons as of religious, social and political origin encouraged the Anatolian Seljuk patronage to raise buildings. In any case, the concern for building constructions were mostly incurred from a number of reasons rather that a single one. Among them, the political career of patronage had been the primary one. It is also remarkable that architectural artifacts of Anatolian Seljuki patronages had been used as political arguments. The testimonies reflecting political scrambles of Anatolian Seljuki patronages had been frequently blundered on epigraphs and Vakfiye of the period involved. In this study, paralellisms between political career and architectural activities of patronage of the Seljuk period are discussed in the light of some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kerkuk and Musul which are in the Iraq geography that is an important region of Middle East, were under the reign of Turks for centuries. Turks performed a successful and peaceful administration in this region which is a Turkmen city and in which Turks settled. Information about administration the name "Musul", the city, the historical geography, Musul under of the Ottoman State in the second half of 19th century and sanjaks, especially Kerkük, countries and boroughs of Musul will be given. Musul, Kerkük, Sincar and Süleymaniye Sanjaks, and the historical geographies, land features and administrative structures of their countries are also important. Ottomans classified the communities they administrated only as Muslims and non-Muslims. Where as today westerners divide communities into tens, sometimes hundreds of ethnic groups in many regions of the world. Thus They manage to drag them in to interiors quarrels, even wars. Musul, Kerkük region has a rather valuable place in terms of Turkish history. This region was an important base during the period when Turks made Anatolia homeland, especially after the acceptance of Islam. In the course of Turks' inclination towards the west, Musul and Kerkük region, which was on the way, also became a Turkish homeland while the Seljuks made Anatolia a Turkish homeland. After the Great Seljuk State, many Turkish states such as Iraq, Seljuks, Zengis, Erbil Atabeylik, Karakoyunlus and Akkoyunlus and Safevis reigned in Musul region until the region was under the rule of Ottoman State. The Turkish domination was made stronger during the reign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman (1520-1566) in Musul and its periferies, which was had been ruled under Ottoman State by Yavuz Sultan Selim in 1517. Musul under the rule of Ottoman State was surrounded with Iran in the east, Diyarbakır in the north, Bagdat in the South, Damascus in the west, and Halep and Zûr Sanjak in the north-west. Kerkuk and Musul region have a rather warm climate. It is a suitable land for many different agricultural products to be produced and for stockbreeding. Many rivers such as Dicle, Huser, Hebzel, Zap and Gazer exist in the region, and this provides the economical life with many contributions. Besides, it is quite a rich region in terms of underground sources, especially petrolium. Kerkük and Musul will be searched in terms of their features from the historical geographical point of view; the city, population and administrative structure and works that are important from the Turkish historical point of view will be stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1878, very serious political and social problems emerged in Bosnia and Herzegovina having been occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The foremost one of those problems was the immigration which had started right after the occupation and had lasted for ages. Due to the immigration, the demographic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina had turned to Bosnians' disadvantage. Bosnians firstly had immigrated to Turkey and many other countries following the occupation. It can be claimed that the invader, The Austro-Hungarian Empire, had not put into practice any important policies related to stop the immigration; even they had observed the abandonment of Bosnians. Although the occupation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is possibly based on various reasons, it can be affirmed that the main reason of it was the unfavorable political atmosphere and the bad administration related to it. The immigration problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be possibly followed from the press of the period. One of them is 'Vatan' newspaper printed in Turkish. On account of the fact that different articles and letters related to the immigration were printed on 'Vatan' newspaper. Despite the fact that the efforts which were put forth for preventing from the immigration were all remarkable in almost all of the articles and letters, apparently the related important sources have not been referred to up to now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first years of the Republic until today, a great importance has been attached to Art History. For this purpose, Art History syllabus was prepared for the use of secondary schools. These syllabuses have been prepared since 1949 is the main subject of the study. The research in this study is based on literature review of the syllabus of art history courses in detail. In the second stage of the study, the programs were compared in terms of contents, methods, class levels; teaching staff, weekly lecture hours and being a compulsory/elective course and recommendations were made. In this respect, the determination of historical development of art history syllabus in secondary schools and drawing attention on the problems encountered with were intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]