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Genitourinary system tumors are the most common tumors with bone metastases. Bone metastases are observed in advanced prostate, bladder and kidney cancers. The health-related quality of life is affected significantly in these patients, due to the skeletal-related events. Men who receive androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer are under more risk for osteoporosis. Pathological bone fractures, compression of the spinal cord, requirement of radiotherapy or surgical intervention to bone, and hypercalcemia due to cancer are the skeletal-related events that develop in these patients. In addition to the corrections in living conditions, exercise, reducing smoking and alcohol consumption, and calcium and vitamin D supplements; the biphosphonates have become an indispensible part of the treatment to prevent these events with their benefits demonstrated in various studies in the recent years. Especially zoledronic acid, which is well tolerated with intravenous application, is used both in the treatment of bone metastases and in prevention of skeletal-related events. Currently, biphosphonates are recommended in various treatment guidelines to treat bone metastasis in a variety of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we compared the plasmakinetic (PK) energy and conventional techniques for transurethral resection (TUR-B) in bladder tumor. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with bladder tumor were included to the study and randomized into two study groups. First group (GI) had conventional and second group (GII) had PK TUR-B. Age, previous operation number, tumor size, shape, grade, stage, pathologic artefact, operation time, intra- and postoperative complication rates, adductor contraction, and hospitalization time were recorded. At first month, urethral stricture and persistant hematuria were evaluated. Results: Mean age of GI and GII was 58.0, 62.4, respectively. Previous operation number, tumor size, shape, grade and stage were not statistically different between two groups (p>0.05). One (7.1%) patient in GI and 6 (48.5%) patients in GII had multiple tumors (p<0.05). There were no difference in operation time within groups (p>0.05) while hospitalization time was significantly longer in GI (p<0.05). Adductor contraction has not been observed in GI patients, but it has been detected in half of GII patients (p<0.05). In 2 (28.5%) patients of GII, PK energy converted to conventional method due to uncontrollable adductor contraction. In 1 patient of GI, reoperation was required due to post-operative hematuria. Pathologic artefact, urethral stricture, and persistant hematuria were not observed. Conclusion: PK bladder tumor resection may be an effective alternative method of conventional technique with less hospitalization time, especially in multipl tumors. Adductor contraction could be a restrictive factor to use PK technique safely in all bladder tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]