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Banks, which are important actors of the overall economy and the financial system, are directly and indirectly affected by the developments in the global and national economy and continue their activities by being exposed to various risks. Therefore, the risks that banks are exposed to and the management of these risks are important. Liquidity risk, which is among the risks mentioned above, is of vital importance for banks and requires proactive management. In this context, this study aims to reveal the internal and external determinants of the Liquidity Coverage Ratio, which is an indicator of the liquidity level of banks in the Turkish banking sector, covering the Covid-19 period. The quarterly data of 19 commercial and 4 participation banks operating in Turkey between 2015/12 and 2021/9 were analysed by panel data analysis method within the scope of the established models. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that there are statistically significant relationships between the liquidity level of the Turkish banking sector, which consists of deposit and participation banks within the scope of the sample, and bank-specific deposits, loan deposit ratio, return on equity, capital adequacy ratio, equity and asset size and macroeconomic factors money supply, credit default swap, control variable Covid period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between the current account balance, growth (BUY), money supply (M2) and reel effective exchange rate variables (RDK) for Turkey was analyzed for the period 2003Q1-2020Q4 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Test (ARDL) and Granger Causality Test. Current account balance excluding energy (EHCD) variable was used as dependent variable in the study. According to the analysis results, a long-term negative relationship was found between BUY and RDK variables with EHCD at the 5% significance level. Granger causality analysis results show that there is bidirectional causality between growth and current account balance excluding energy. Since growth in Turkey is dependent on imports, growth affects the external balance negatively by increasing domestic and foreign demand. On the other hand, there is unidirectional causality running from EHCD to money supply and real exchange rate, and from growth to money supply. In order for Turkey to get rid of the chronic current account deficit problem, it needs to produce export goods with high foreign demand, and reduce its dependence on foreign energy and other imported inputs. In this context, both the risks arising as a result of the current Russia-Ukraine tension and the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement to reduce environmental pollution reveal the importance of self-sufficiency in inputs and investments in renewable energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 Pandemic has affected all the economies globally. In order to reduce the adverse effects of the pandemic on the economy, governments have resorted to fiscal policies and monetary policies as they did in the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. In this framework, the most common policy that is conducted by the central banks has been quantitative easing again. The adverse effects of the monetary policies have been relatively low in developed economies since the monetary expansion was accompanied with fiscal policies such as transfer payments. However in Turkey, the negative effects on inflation and exchange rates arose due to the huge expansion in money supply and credits as the fiscal policies were limited. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the Central Bank policies and the financial measures taken in Turkey after the emergence of the pandemic crisis. The paper presents the policies of the Central Bank of Turkey and their results with international comparisons and provides recomendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between economic growth and financial development indicators such as credit volume, money supply, BİST 100 index, exports and imports in Turkey. In this study Johansen cointgeration, vector error correction model estimation, granger causality test, impulse-response and variance decomposition analysis are undertaken. According to Johansen cointegration analysis, it is found that there is a long-run relationship between the economic growth, BİST 100 index, inflation, export, import, credit volume and monetary aggregate M2. According to Granger causality tests there is one-way causality relation from economic growth to BİST 100 stock market index which is an indicator of capital markets and monetary aggregate M2. In this case bank credit volume is not found to be the reason for the economic growth. Impulse-response analysisshow that the response of economic growth one period later to one standard deviation shock in BİST 100 stock market index. The findings obtained during the period of study show that economic growth in the Turkish economy leads to an increase in demand in financial services and thus the demand-push hypothesis which states that it causes financial expansion is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several channels through which financial development promotes growth in the economy include efficient mobilization of savings, lowering the cost of information gathering. On the other hand economic growth generates demand for some categories of financial instruments and facilitates financial development. The relationship between financial development and economic growth has been covered by many empirical studies. The ratio of money supply (M2Y) to national product (GNP) and the share of financial sector employment in total employment are used to represent the financial development level. Semiannual Turkey data set ranges over the period 1988 to 2009. There is no evidence that financial development is the cause of economic growth. Also this study shows that economic growth is the cause of the increase of the share of financial sector employment in total employment, but not effecting the ratio of M2Y/GNP over the same period in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of implementation and provision of success of economic policies, it is an important issue that the resulting shocks in macro variables caused from a variety of reasons are temporary or permanent. The comprehension that increases policy makers' credibility and also mediates the formation of expectations management on economic units causes a more stable economic process when this comprehension perceives the response rate given to the shocks in macro variables. This study searches the persistence of inflation for 11 EU countries and Turkey reaches the following evidence; for Germany, Italy and Portugal, an inflation existing after a shock converges fast to its own average value, the inflation series related to these countries is stationary and inflation persistence has remained at a low-level for these countries. When the Lucas criticism is considered, inflation returns to it's own average level rapidly and the inflation persistence is in a low level for Germany, Austria, Finland, France, Netherland and Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]