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This research aims to reveal the relationships between intellectual capital components and firm performances of banks operating in the Borsa Istanbul financial sector. Within the scope of the research, the data of the banks whose shares were listed on the stock exchange between 2008 and 2021 and whose data were fully accessible as of the first quarter of 2023, when the research was conducted, were analyzed. The data set was prepared as panel data. Six models were developed and tested within the scope of the research. While investigating the interaction between variables, correlation and regression analyzes were applied. As a result of the analysis; While there was no relationship between structural capital (ROA), one of the components of intellectual capital ROE), and return on assets, it was found to have a negative and significant relationship with return on equity. Another important finding of the research is that physical capital, among the intellectual capital components, affects return on assets and return on equity the most. The other component of intellectual capital, human capital, also affects return on assets and return on equity significantly and positively. Revealing the effects of intellectual capital components on ROA and ROE from firm performances will be important for making future decisions for both bank managers and bank shareholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]