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Conventional and sonication-assisted biosorption of Remazol Orange RGB dye by active kefir biomass was investigated. SEM, FTIR and BET analyses were used to characterise the biomass. Experiments were carried out in batch mode and the effects of pH, initial dye concentration and temperature on dye removal were examined. Biosorption of dye increased with the rise in temperature and the reduce in initial pH and initial concentration of dye in both processes. At all examined conditions due to the assistance of sonication higher biosorption yields were obtained. 74.62% and 95.18% dye removals were achieved at pH 2, initial dye concentration of 100 mg L-1 and 25℃ for conventional and sonication assisted biosorption that the equilibrium was attained respectively in 210 and 45 minutes. It was determined that the conventional biosorption process could be expressed with the pseudo first order kinetic model and the sonication assisted biosorption process could be expressed with the pseudo second order kinetic model, while the biosorption equilibrium for both processes could be expressed with the Langmuir isotherm model. The isotherm model showed that the maximum biosorption capacity values of kefir biomass in conventional and sonication assisted biosorption were 90.33 mg/g and 107.99 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the biosorption processes are spontaneous, endothermic and physical in nature. The results demonstrated that sonication is an effective and useful method to improve the biosorption processes with living organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the removal of heavy metals Pb(II), Cr(III), Zn(II) and Co(II) in wastewater with activated carbon (KB-A) obtained by boric acid impregnation to poplar sawdust (K-S) grown in the Van region was investigated. The parameters affecting adsorption were examined and optimum values were determined. For this purpose, the effects of different parameters such as solution pH, KB-A dosage, contact time and metal concentration were studied for their effects on the removal of heavy metals. As a result of the adsorption process, It was observed that the adsorption of all metals decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption process was found to follow the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity values were determined as 30.89 mg g-1 for Cr(III), 30.49 mg g-1 for Pb(II), 30.30 mg g-1 for Zn(II) and 27.70 mg g-1 for Co(II). According to the thermodynamic parameter results, the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the reaction followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The KB-A adsorption ability showed a trend ordered from large to small as Cr(III)˃ Pb(II) ˃Zn(II) ˃ Co(II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the storage costs of fruits in cold stores, more products are placed than necessary. Since homogeneous speed and temperature distribution cannot be achieved due to overloading in cold stores, partial losses and quality reductions occur in products. Since the initial investment costs of methods such as using ducts and fans recommended for homogeneous air and temperature distribution are high, they are not used to a large extent. In this study; In order to analyze and improve the air and temperature distribution in the cold store, first of all, temperature and velocity measurements were made at certain points in a cold store filled with Granny Smith apples. Deflector panels that are placed at different angles are used to provide homogeneous velocity and temperature distributions. Using these measurements, the CFD model was created and validated. ANSYS-Fluent program was used for CFD analysis. With the analyzes made on the model, the problematic points in the air and temperature distribution were determined and it was seen that the panel with a vertical angle of 63° gave the best results among the deflector panels placed at different angles to eliminate these problems. Since the proposed solution is economically extremely cost-effective, it is anticipated that it can be applied to all cold storage regardless of size, location, and stored product. As a result of this practical, easy, and economical application, both product losses and energy consumption will be reduced, and the products will be preserved for a longer period of time while maintaining their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

CO2, which causes global warming, is a naturally abundant, inexpensive, inert substance known as a non-toxic carbon (C1) source and value-added chemical, which can often be used as a building block for synthesis reactions. The conversion of CO2, which is difficult to use efficiently due to its kinetic inertia and thermodynamic stability, to cyclic carbonates with the help of a catalyst are the most promising studies. Therefore, in this study, 1-bütyl-3- methylimidazolium iodide ([Bmim]I) and 1-bütyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6) imidazolium salts were used as catalysts in the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates with epoxides. Conversion studies to cyclic carbonates were carried out under both high pressure and high temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ionic liquids, which provide high efficiency in the autoclave, also gave very good results in the atmospheric ambient. Optimization studies were carried out with the effect of time (2 hours and 24 hours) and temperature (60 °C and 100 °C) in the atmospheric ambient. It has been determined that this process, catalyzed by ionic liquids, is also promising for the chemical conversion of CO2 in the atmospheric ambient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th e forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani Fabr.) is a signifi cant European polyphagous pest in forests. Both the adults and grubs damage trees. During hibernation – from pupation (VII) to leaving the soil (IV), changes in the position of the adults in the soil were observed every month. Th e grubs of future males fi nished feeding earlier and pupated. Th e males hatched earlier than the females. Th e males’ greater tolerance to cold compared to females was proven under laboratory conditions, which is also related to the shallower depths at which males overwinter. An analysis of the position of the pupae (in July) and the imagoes (in September) indicates that some individuals did not stay at the place of hatching but descended lower if the soil temperature did not drop below 7°C. Hibernating males and females start to ascend toward the surface in January and February, respectively, even at soil temperatures below 5°C. Th e observed commencements of swarming lead to the conclusion that a necessary condition is an air temperature of >10°C and a soil temperature of >7°C for a period of 7–10 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric factors have a great influence on the shaping of the environment in which people live. Atmospheric factors not only affect the environment, but also affect the bioclimatic comfort conditions of people during their daily activities. Human bioclimatology is affected by atmospheric factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind and precipitation. For this reason, many indices have been created to determine people's bioclimatic comfort perceptions. Some of these indexes only consider atmospheric conditions. In recent years, in addition to atmospheric conditions, the personal characteristics of people have been included in the indexes by researchers. In this study, the heat index, which enables the determination of bioclimatic comfort areas by taking advantage of temperature and relative humidity conditions, was used. The sensed temperature values obtained were applied to the Physiological Equivalent Temperature classification and the bioclimatic comfort areas of Antalya province were determined.When the temperature values were examined, it was seen that the temperature values on the Mediterranean coast reached up to 30 °C in summer. On the other hand, it drops below 0 °C in the high parts in winter. When the relative humidity values are examined, it has been determined that the relative humidity rates reach up to 89% in the winter season. Considering the bioclimatic comfort perception levels of the research area, the "Comfortable" thermal perception level was determined in May, June, July, August, September and October. Apart from this, there is no"Hot" and "Very Hot" thermal perception level in PET classification. In addition, it has been determined that there are differences in the distribution of bioclimatic comfort areas depending on the topography and altitude characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the usage of Lactarius salmonicolor as a biosorbent to remove a textile dye, Remazol Marine Blue (RMB). Firstly biomass was characterized then various parameters like pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, contact time, and biomass reuse were investigated in the batch system. The nature of biosorption was clarified by calculating some physicochemical parameters such as kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm according to the obtained data. The optimum pH of RMB solution was found as 3.0. At the end of the 3 hours contact time for 100 mg/L initial RMB concentration, biosorption capacity was increased and removal percentage was decreased with increasing the temperature. Biosorption capacity was determine as 126.57 mg/g and removal percentage was determined as 61.24 % at 35°C. Biosorption was more suitable for Freundlich isotherm model, was fitted well with pseudo-second order kinetic model and found to be a spontaneous process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold storages are of great importance in preserving the freshness of foods. The ability of foods to preserve their nutritional value depends on conditioning the room air at the right temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity balance is realized with the conditioned air supplied from the evaporators to the environment. In this study; in cold storage rooms, the position of the evaporators in the room, which are used to distribute the cold air to the storage environment, on the temperature and speed distributions, on the product losses caused by the air flow, has been investigated. Experimental study was carried out in a cold room with citrus fruits. The data obtained in the experimental studies were compared by simulating in the CFD program for the same storage conditions, and the overlap and usability of the results were determined. Various evaporator positions were simulated and their temperatures and product stacking conditions were tried to be determined. In case the evaporator is positioned on a single wall; air distribution and temperature conditioned by product stacking are not rigid. In case the evaporators are positioned opposite each other on narrow walls, it has been determined that it would be more appropriate to stack the product in the middle of the storage and at appropriate intervals. The position of the evaporator on wide single walls provides the temperature to be evenly distributed, but on the other hand, it may cause moisture loss in the product. During the establishment of a cold air facility or in existing cold rooms, it is thought that product stacking forms, air flows and temperature distributions firstly simulating with CFD analysis program will reduce product losses, energy savings, and gains in time and operating costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of ultrasound assisted extraction on time and temperature for phenolic extraction from turmeric rhizomes grown in our country was investigated, and some process parameters were optimized in the encapsulation of turmeric extract by spray drying method. For this purpose, conventional extraction at three different temperatures (55, 75 and 95°C) and four different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min.), ultrasound assisted extraction at 25 °C in six different times (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min.) was performed to determine the total amount of pheolic substance in the extracts. Turmeric extract, obtained under conditions (ultrasound assisted, 25°C and 2 min.) with the highest amount of total phenolic substance (1436.68 mg GAE/100 g DM), was encapsulated by spray drying method using maltodextin and modified starch, and optimum processing conditions were determined by using total phenolic content, drying yield, Carr index, Hue angle and solubility values. Mixture of 15% maltodextrin and 5% modified starch as carrier material, also 156°C air inlet temperature was determined as optimum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)