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Introduction: Many studies conducted so far have shown that sleep has a great impact on physical and psychological health. In parenting, on the other hand, the sleep quality of the person deteriorates and problems such as depression and eating disorders may occur. In this study, it was aimed to shed light on the effects on the psychological and physical health of parents by examining the relationship between sleep quality and eating attitude and anxiety-depression of parents who have babies aged 0-24 months. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively on 260 parents who had babies aged 0-24 months, who applied to the Pediatrics Polyclinic of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Medical Faculty Hospital between August-November 2019. A questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Eating Attitude Scale (EAS) were filled in by face-to-face interview method. Statistical analysis R 3.5.1. program and statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The mean PUKI score was significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.001). As the child's waking frequency increases, both the parent's PUKI score (p<0.001) and the frequency of poor sleep quality increase significantly (p=0.002). The frequency of poor sleep quality was significantly more common in women (69.3%) than men (46.3%) (p=0.002). There is a moderately positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD depression score (r=0.41, p<0.001), and a strongly significant positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD anxiety score (r=0.50, p<0.001). There is a strong and significant positive correlation between HAD depression and HAD anxiety score (r=0.64, p<0.001). There was a weak and positive correlation between HAD depression score and total EAS score (r=0.19, p=0.010). There is also a moderately significant positive correlation between HAD anxiety score and total EAS score (r=0.27, p<0.001). Conclusion: It should not be forgotten by every healthcare professional that not only mothers but also fathers are affected by the problems experienced in the postpartum period, and that parents should be followed up as well as the baby in the follow-up and management of this process in health services after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the common bacterial infections in pediatric patients. These infections are more common in girls over one year old. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance status in urine cultures of pediatric patients in our center. Materials and Methods: Urine culture results of patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Sivas Cumhuriyet University hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in the study. The hospital automation system, patient files, and laboratory information management system were examined retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. A P-value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Significant growth was observed in the urine cultures of a total of 1287 pediatric patients, 889 (69.1%) girls and 398 boys (30.9%). The patients included in the study were between the ages of 0-17, and children aged 1-6 (37.6%) were diagnosed with UTI more frequently than other ages. The most common UTI agent in the pediatric age group was Escherichia coli (56.6%). The first agent isolated in girls and boys is E.coli. Additionally, the prevalence of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca bacteria was higher in boys (p < 0.05). E. coli isolates showed minimal resistance to such as amikacin (0.6%), fosfomycin (1.0%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), ertapenem (2.4%), imipenem (0.7%) and meropenem (0.9%). Conclusion: In this study, low resistance levels were detected for amikacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenem group antibiotics, which are important alternatives in the empirical treatment of UTI. On the other hand, due to the high resistance levels detected, it is thought that more caution should be exercised in the empirical use of amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and cefixime. If these antibiotics are to be preferred, waiting for the antibiogram results is an appropriate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To draw attention to possible causes of atypical radiological condition with a "secondary view" in atypical pediatric acute appendicitis cases. To offer solutions in order to minimize possible false negative ultrasonographic evaluation in atypical cases. Materials and Methods: 51 cases were included in this retrospective study. These cases were referred to our hospital because of an atypical acute appendicitis clinic, although ultrasonography was interpreted as normal in other centers in the last 24 hours. All cases were operated on with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis by "second look ultrasonography" performed in our department. Results: None of the cases had typical acute appendicitis clinic. Reasons such as perforation/plastron of the appendix, an atypical localization of the appendix, inflammation only in the distal part of the appendix, visualization of the appendix only with deep-compression, and failure to establish adequate communication with the patient for various reasons were conditions that could lead to atypical acute appendicitis and make imaging difficult. One or more of these were present in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the common bacterial infections in pediatric patients. These infections are more common in girls over one year old. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance status in urine cultures of pediatric patients in our center. Materials and Methods: Urine culture results of patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Sivas Cumhuriyet University hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in the study. The hospital automation system, patient files, and laboratory information management system were examined retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. A P-value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Significant growth was observed in the urine cultures of a total of 1287 pediatric patients, 889 (69.1%) girls and 398 boys (30.9%). The patients included in the study were between the ages of 0-17, and children aged 1-6 (37.6%) were diagnosed with UTI more frequently than other ages. The most common UTI agent in the pediatric age group was Escherichia coli (56.6%). The first agent isolated in girls and boys is E.coli. Additionally, the prevalence of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca bacteria was higher in boys (p < 0.05). E. coli isolates showed minimal resistance to such as amikacin (0.6%), fosfomycin (1.0%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), ertapenem (2.4%), imipenem (0.7%) and meropenem (0.9%). Conclusion: In this study, low resistance levels were detected for amikacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenem group antibiotics, which are important alternatives in the empirical treatment of UTI. On the other hand, due to the high resistance levels detected, it is thought that more caution should be exercised in the empirical use of amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and cefixime. If these antibiotics are to be preferred, waiting for the antibiogram results is an appropriate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and sleep quality in different trimesters of pregnancy and to investigate whether there is a difference between trimesters in terms of sleep quality and CTS symptoms. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between August 2021 and June 2022 at gynecology and obstetrics polyclinic. The sample of the study consisted of voluntary pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Demographic data of pregnant women were evaluated with personal information form, sleep quality with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), CTS symptoms with Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ), and grip strength with hand dynamometer. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests were used in the analyses. Results: The mean age of 219 pregnant women included in our study was 29.00±4.50 years, and the mean gestational age was 22.70±11.18 weeks. According to PSQI, 80.5% (n=177) of the pregnant women had poor sleep quality (≥5 points). When the trimesters were compared in terms of the evaluated parameters, a significant difference was found between the 1st and 2nd trimesters and the 2nd and 3rd trimesters among the subjective sleep quality sub-dimensions of PSQI (p=0.002). A positive correlation was found between BCTQ-Symptom and PSQI subjective sleep quality and PSQI daytime dysfunction, and a negative relationship was found between dominant handgrip strength (p<0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the BCTQ-Function score and PSQI subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and total scores, and a negative relationship was found between dominant hand grip strength (p<0.001). Conclusion: The sleep quality of pregnant women is low, and the presence of CTS has been confirmed as one of the reasons that reduce sleep quality. CTS symptoms during pregnancy negatively affect the sleep quality of pregnant women in the 1st and 3rd trimesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study determined the sleep hygiene level of senior undergraduate nursing students and to improve their sleep hygiene knowledge with an intervention program. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 60 fourth-year nursing students who participated in the pre-test and posttest application of the research between January 9 and February 13 2023. Sleep hygiene education created by the researchers was applied to the control group with a traditional PowerPoint lecture and to the intervention group with a social media-supported message. Data were collected using the "student information form" developed by the researchers, the "Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)", and the "sleep hygiene index (SHI)". Percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test were used in the evaluation of the data, and t-test in dependent groups was used in the evaluation of the dependent variables. Results: At the end of the pre-test and post-test of the study, an intergroup difference was found between the sleep hygiene of the students (p<0.05). In the in-group evaluations, it was determined that there was a significant decrease in the SHI post-test scores of the experimental group compared with the pre-test scores (t=3.35, p=0.002). In intragroup evaluations; there was a significant decrease in the PSQI scores of the experimental group (z=-3.152, p=0.002). Conclusion: The study found that both the sleep hygiene and sleep quality of the students were poor. The interventions used were found to be effective in improving sleep hygiene and quality. This research has shown that sleep hygiene, which is often overlooked, can be improved with the right interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between school children's sleep problems and their nutrition habits and anthropometric measurements. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 484 children aged 7-14 years attending three primary schools and three secondary schools in the city center of Muğla province. Data were collected using the child data form and the child sleeping habit questionnaire. The obtained results were analyzed using Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: It was determined that 72.9% of the children participating in this study had sleep problems, among which 83% of the underweight and normal weight children and 17% of the overweight and obese children had sleep problems. It was determined that children who ate or drank drinks in the last two hours before going to sleep had more sleep problems (p<0.05). There was a low level of positive and significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration and parasomnia, waist circumference and sleep duration, and neck circumference and sleep duration and parasomnia. Conclusion: In this study, no difference was found between the sleep problems of children who consumed healthy or unhealthy food, whereas those who ate close to sleep or consumed liquid had more sleep problems. While children's BMI, waist circumference and neck circumference increased, their sleep duration also increased. More parasomnia was observed in children with higher BMI and neck circumference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although the tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/bictegravir (TAF/FTC/BIC) regimen is recommended in national and international guidelines for changing treatment in treatment-experienced patients living with HIV (PLwHIV), there are limited real-life data reported in Türkiye. We aimed to evaluate the changes in virological and immunological indicators, renal functions, and lipid profiles in the follow-up of patients who switched to TAF/FTC/BIC. Methods: The study included treatment-experienced PLwHIV aged 18 years or older who were followed at the infectious diseases outpatient clinic between January 2020 and December 2021. Follow-up parameters before and after switching to TAF/FTC/BIC were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 77 PLwHIV were included. Of those, 71 (92.2%) were male, and the median age was 42 years. The 24th and 48th week median HIV RNA values of patients whose viral loads were measured were 35 (27-77) copies/ml and 34 (24-49) copies/ml, respectively, after switching. We did not detected a significant difference in CD4+T lymphocyte count, CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio when compared with pre-treatment values. Virological suppression was not maintained in 24.7% (n=19/77) of PLwHIV. While "incomplete virological response" was not detected in any patients, 2.6% (n=2/77) had virological rebound, 1.3% (n=1/77) were virological non-responders, 10.4% (n=8/77) had low-level viremia, and 20.8% (n=16/77) had virological blip. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (101 ml/min./1.73m² vs. 96 ml/min./1.73m², p=0.05) and total cholesterol level (199 mg/dl vs. 185 mg/dl, p=0.05) decreased at 48th week. In switching from tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat (TAF/FTC/EVG/Cob) to TAF/FTC/BIC, significant decreases were detected in GFR (101 ml/min./1.73m² vs. 95 ml/min./1.73m², p=0.016) and total cholesterol levels (205 mg/dl vs. 182 mg/dl, p<0.001). Conclusion: Even if virological suppression is achieved before switching, virological suppression may be impaired in patients after switching to TAF/FTC/BIC. Moreover, renal functions should be closely monitored due to the significant decrease in GFR, especially when switching from TAF/FTC/EVG/Cob to TAF/FTC/BIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein that is widely used and can be elevated in many conditions that lead to acute inflammation, including infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of presence of an infectious disease in patients who were consulted because of a high CRP level. Methods: Inpatients and outpatients consulted to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (IHCM) Clinic between January and March 2022 because of high CRP levels were included in the study. The anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded, and the existence of an infectious disease was investigated. Results: 124 patients were referred for consultation during the study period. CRP levels of 6 (4.9%) patients were within average reference values; the remaining 118 patients were included in the study. Of the 118 patients, 54 (45%) had clinical complaints consistent with an infectious disease. A focus of infection was detected in only 49 (42%) patients. We found that there was a significant relationship between the presence of symptoms consistent with an infectious disease and the presence of a positive physical examination finding with the presence of an infectious focus (p<0.05) Conclusion: In this study, we determined that more than half of the patients for whom consultation was requested due to high CRP levels did not have an infectious disease. We think that unnecessary consultation burden can be avoided by detailed clinical evaluation of the patients before referring them for consultation by only looking at the CRP results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of levofloxacin (LEVO) and moxifloxacin (MOXI) prophylaxis during the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: This study had a prospective observational design and included AML patients who were scheduled for standard remission-induction (RI) or consolidation (C) chemotherapy. Prophylactic LEVO or MOXI was started at a ratio of 1:1 when neutropenia developed, and two groups were created. The primary endpoint was the frequency of febrile neutropenia (FN) and the time to FN. Results: 120 patients (60 patients in each group) were enrolled in the study. The frequency of FN tended to be higher in the LEVO group but was statistically insignificant (82.1% vs. 75.5%; p=0.702). The time to FN was 10.8±5.7 days and 10.1±5.7 days in the LEVO and MOXI groups, respectively (p=0.393). Microorganisms were izolated in 50.8% of patients who developed FN. The documented infection and bacteremia rate tended to be higher in the MOXI group (71.1% vs. 56.6%; p=0.331 and 87.5% vs. 80.5%; p=0.906). The rates of quinolone resistance were 69.2% and 75% in the LEVO and MOXI groups, respectively (p=0.451). The frequency of FN was higher during the RI phase than the C phase (89.1% vs. 70%; p=0.010). The frequency of documented infection was higher during the C phase than during the RI phase (77.1% vs. 49.1%; p=0.008). Conclusion: This study showed that prophylactic MOXI and LEVO have similar efficacy in AML patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identifying the presence and type of carbapenemases is essential to determine the treatment choices for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRB). Genotypic characterization of CRB needs technical support and experienced staff and is not an option for most laboratories due to its high cost. For this reason, especially in countries with limited resources, cheap, reliable phenotypic methods are an alternative, do not require experience, and can be easily applied in daily practice. The goal of the study was to evaluate the performance of phenotypic methods for carbapenemase production in CRB and to form a simple algorithm to differentiate carbapenemase types such as blaOXA-48 or blaNDM, which are common in our country. Methods: The study included 16 consecutive carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative bacteria. Simplified carbapenem inactivation methods (sCIM) and modified Hodge test (MHT) were performed. Genes responsible for carbapenemase production (blaOXA-48, blaNDM, and blaKPC) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Temocillin resistance and ceftazidime-avibactam disc diffusion test were also applied to define carbapenemase types. Results: The carbapenemase gene was detected in 12 of the 16 strains; sCIM positivity was found in 11, and MHT was positive in 10. Sensitivity for sCIM and MHT were 91.9% and 83.3%, respectively. All Enterobacterales strains were positive for sCIM, and blaOXA-48 was the most common carbapenemase. sCIM false negativity was detected for only one strain. High-level temocillin resistance (MIC >128 μg/mL) was present in all strains with blaOXA-48; it wasn't detected in the strain carrying isolated blaNDM. Conclusion: sCIM positivity was present for all Enterobacterales, which were shown to carry the carbapenemase gene by RT-PCR. Our findings support the usage of sCIM in daily practice to screen for carbapenemase production in CRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the unmet need for family planning and its causes in Şanlıurfa. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with women of childbearing age who applied to family health centres in Şanlıurfa city centre and who did not use any family planning method. Cluster sampling method was used in sample selection and each family health centre was taken as a cluster. A pilot study was conducted to calculate the required number of clusters and the required number of clusters was found to be 16 and the study was completed with a total of 313 women. In the evaluation of the data, percentage, mean and standard deviation from descriptive statistics; Chi-square and Mann Whitney-U test from univariate analyses; Logistic Regression model from multivariate analyses were used. Results: In the study, it was determined that 35.5% of the women had unmet need for family planning (2.6% to interrupt their pregnancies, 32.9% because they did not want to get pregnant anymore). The most important factors that increase the unmet need for family planning are speaking Arabic at home 3.5 times, having 2 or more daughters 1.8 times, being 34 years of age or older 1.2 times, and having 30 months or more since the last birth 1.019 times (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that the level of unmet need for family planning was approximately 3 times higher than the average of Turkey and that socio-demographic and cultural factors affected the unmet need for family planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis A virus is a self-limiting agent of acute viral hepatitis. It is responsible for 0.5% of viral hepatitis-related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis A is endemic in our country and its seroprevalence has been decreasing in recent years. Seroprevalence studies conducted on specific groups do not reflect the general population. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A and to shed light on the need for hepatitis A vaccination. Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to primary health care institutions between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022 and for whom anti-HAV IgG and anti-HAV IgM tests were requested were included in the study. The data of the information management system of the Provincial Public Health Laboratory were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The number of cases analysed for anti-HAV IgM and anti-HAV IgG levels were 128,387 and 89,532 respectively. The number of anti-HAV IgM and anti-HAV IgG positive cases were 233 (0.18%) and 79,015 (88.25%), respectively. Of the 233 anti-HAV IgM positive cases, 41 (17.6%) were male and 192 (82.4%) were female. The incidence of acute hepatitis A infection in Gaziantep province was 0.18% and was highest in the 25-44 age group. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of anti-HAV IgM positive cases in June 2021 and May, June, September and October 2022 compared to other months. Conclusions: Although hepatitis A infection has decreased in our country, it still remains a public health problem. The incidence of acute hepatitis A infection in Gaziantep province is 0.18%. This rate is higher than the incidence in our country. In our study, it was determined that acute hepatitis A infection poses a risk in adults. Therefore, seronegative adults should be vaccinated. In our opinion, hepatitis A vaccine should be included in the adult vaccination programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of upper and/or lower m otor neurons. T he t erm M ND includes Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP), Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Hirayama Disease, Kennedy Syndrome, Poliomyelitis and Postpolio syndrome (PPS). While both upper and lower motor neurons are involved in ALS, only upper motor neurons are involved in Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP), and only lower motor neurons are involved in Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Hirayama Disease, Kennedy Syndrome, Poliomyelitis and Postpolio syndrome (PPS). We aimed to investigate the clinical, demographic, and electrophysiological characteristics of MND patients who presented to our university hospital in Şanlıurfa province. Materials and Methods: 190 patients diagnosed and followed up with MND in the Neurology and Neuromuscular clinics and Electroneurophysiology laboratory were retrospectively analyzed from the medical records of patients between 2018 and 2023. 18 patients were excluded from the study because of insufficient file data. Patient data, including age, gender, presenting complaints, examination findings, family history, and electrophysiological features, were recorded. Results: Of the 172 patients included in our study, 103 were male and 69 were female. 54 patients were diagnosed with ALS, 3 with HSP, 2 with Kennedy syndrome, 21 with SMA, 4 with Hirayama disease, 82 with poliomyelitis sequelae, and 6 with PPS. Among the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, 22 were female and 32 were male. Fifteen patients had bulbar-onset symptoms, while 39 had spinal-onset symptoms. The initial symptom in 17 patients originated from the lower extremities; and in 22 patients, it started in the upper extremities. In 36 patients, ulnar nerve distal motor latencies (DML) were shorter than median nerve DML, and 24 of these patients had higher ulnar nerve compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) than median nerve CMAP. One of the 3 patients with HSP had a complicated type. Electromyography (EMG) of the tibialis anterior muscle in patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis revealed bilateral involvement in 55 patients and unilateral involvement in 7 patients. Slowing of conduction velocity was detected in 2 patients, and trap neuropathy i n t he m edian n erve w as observed i n 2 other patients. T he a verage a ge of 6 P PS patients w as 5 4.25±8.057. A mong t he patients diagnosed with Hirayama Disease, 1 was female, and 3 were male. Three patients were between 20-30 years old, while one of them was 58 years old. Myelomalacia at the C6-7 level was detected in the cervical imaging of one patient, and two patients had bilateral involvement without symptoms, while the other 2 had unilateral involvement. Conclusions: Recognizing the symptoms, signs, and risk factors of MND is crucial for physicians to facilitate early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common nonobstetric cause of acute abdomen in pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate pregnant patients who were operated on for acute appendicitis in our center, which has a large pregnant population, in the light of the literature. Materials and Methods: The data of patients operated on for acute appendicitis between November 2015 and August 2022 were retrospectively examined and recorded electronically. The patients' complaints, physical examination findings, radiological data, operation type, and pathological data were recorded and examined in the light of the literature. Results: The average age of 37 patients who underwent appendectomy was 27.7 (20-42) years. In these patients, acute appendicitis was diagnosed most frequently in the 2nd trimester (48.6%). The most common presenting complaint of the patients was abdominal pain, and the most common physical examination finding was abdominal tenderness. Considering the admission time of the patients, it was observed that a delay of more than 24 hours increased the risk of perforation. Although the most common histopathological finding was acute appendicitis, malignancy was detected in one patient and enterobius vermicularis was detected in another. Conclusions: Acute appendicitis should be kept in mind in patients with new-onset right lower quadrant abdominal pain during pregnancy. Because delay in diagnosis and therefore surgery causes serious morbidity and mortality for both the fetus and the mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Background: In acute pancreatitis (AP), determining the severity of the disease starting from hospitalization is important for planning the treatment. Data obtained in previous studies that examining the clinical importance of RDW (Erythrocyte Distribution Volume) and MPV (Mean Platelet Volume) levels in patients with AP are contradictory. Our aim in this study is to determine whether RDW and MPV levels can predict the severity of pancreatitis and related mortality. Materials and Methods: The data of 262 patients hospitalized due to AP between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Patients were divided into groups according to Atlanta criteria.Then, the relationship between RDW and MPV values and the severity and prognosis of pancreatitis was examined statistically. Results: While 83.9% (n=220) of the patients had mild pancreatitis, 16.1% (n=42) had severe pancreatitis. While the mean RDW index was 42.5±6.9 fL in patients with mild AP, it was 42.0±6.6 fL in severe AP patients and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.625). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean MPV level (9.7±1.0 fL vs 9.8±1.3 Fl, p=0.687). ROC analysis showed that there was no significant and critical MPV and RDW threshold value to detect the severity of pancreatitis (AUC values: 0.499 and 0.453, respectively). Conclusions: In our study, we found that there was no significant difference in terms of RDW and MPV in patients with mild and severe pancreatitis according to the Atlanta criteria. Therefore, we can say that MPV and RDW levels are not sufficient and strong parameters to predict the severity and prognosis of pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the measles seroprevalence and related factors in healthcare professionals working in units with a high risk of encountering measles cases in Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2018 and September 2019. The study population consisted of all healthcare professionals working as specialist doctors, trainee doctors, and nurses in Pediatric hospital, Adult Emergency, Family Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Microbiology and Dermatology departments. Healthcare professionals who agreed to participate were interviewed face-to-face, including questions about independent variables such as gender, age, occupation, working unit, and history of disease. The dependent variable was the seropositivity/seronegativity status of the participants, which was determined according to the quantitative anti-Rubella IgG antibody levels measured by the ELISA method from serum samples. P< 0.05 was accepted as statistical significance. Results: During the study period, 326 out of 368 healthcare professionals in the units in question agreed to participate (88.5%). Of the participants, 79 (24.2%) were seronegative and 247 (75.8%) were seropositive. Seronegativity increased with decreasing age (p=0.036) when evaluated according to age groups. Seronegativity was 29.4% in the 20-29 age group, 19.2% in the 30-39 age group, and 10.7% in the 40-49 age group, while all participants aged 50 years and over were seropositive. Seropositivity was not affected by gender (p=0.260), occupation (p=0.364), or department (p=0.129). The study group's median anti-measles IgG antibody level was 654 IU/ml (65-5000 IU/ml). The median antibody level increased with increasing age (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, a significant proportion of healthcare professionals at risk for encountering measles were susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Currently, molecular methods with high sensitivity and specificity provide a diagnosis from a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample in a short time. Our study aims to determine whether the meningitis/encephalitis panel test is used rationally and to make appropriate recommendations for practical use in the approach to CNS infections. Methods: Between January 2022 and 2023, 46 samples with meningitis/encephalitis panel requests were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid samples of the patients were studied with the QIAstat-Dx Analyzer (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany )and the QIAstat-Dx® Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Panel kiti (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Data about age, gender, CSF leukocyte, erythrocyte, glucose and protein, blood leukocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP) values, presence of fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered consciousness in patients were obtained retrospectively from patient files and the hospital information system. Results: Of the 46 patients, 22 were female and 24 were male. Three Varicella-zoster virus, two Herpes simplex virus-1, two Cryptococcus neoformans/gatti, one Escherichia coli K1 and one Listeria monocytogenes positivity were detected in the ME panel of a total of nine samples, five from female and four male patients; the total positivity rate was 19.5%. CSF leukocyte and erythrocyte value, blurred consciousness, blood leukocyte count, and CRP values did not differ significantly between panel (-) and panel (+) groups. Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, high CSF protein, and low CSF glucose were very different in the group with panel (+) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Requesting an ME panel with a rational algorithm after microbiological and biochemical evaluation of CSF samples taken with a strong clinical suspicion will be convenient and cost-effective, prevent unnecessary antibiotic or antiviral use, and reduce hospital stays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increase in antibiotic resistance due to overuse and misuse has led to changes in the primary pathogens causing otitis media and antibiotic susceptibility. Empirical antibiotic treatment may cause treatment failure or result in complications in diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We aimed to identify bacterial pathogens associated with ear infections and to evaluate antibacterial resistance among isolated organisms. Methods: Ear swab samples of patients who applied to our hospital's Ear Nose and Throat Outpatient Clinic between February 2022 and February 2023, sent to our laboratory with the preliminary diagnosis of ear infection, were examined. The study included 144 patients whose ear swab samples' Gram staining and culture results were compatible with ear infection. Microorganisms that grew in culture were identified using conventional methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and evaluated by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Results: The study examined 171 external ear canal culture results from 144 patients at their first admission and 19 patients due to recurrent external ear canal discharge in later periods. Pathogenic microorganism growth was observed in 90 specimens, normal microbial flora grew in 58 specimens, and no microorganism growth was observed in 23 specimens. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the second most common pathogen. Ampicillin resistance was the highest among the isolated Gram-negative bacteria (77.7%). Conclusion: It is essential to monitor the frequency of causative pathogens and the rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents to start appropriate antimicrobial therapy in patients with ear infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between bacteremia and procalcitonin (PCT) and the cut-off value of PCT in detecting bacteremia. Methods: Adult (>18 years old) patients admitted to our hospital's emergency department and diagnosed with sepsis between January 1, 2019, and April 1, 2022, were evaluated retrospectively. Patients whose complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), PCT, and biochemical tests were performed and who had two sets of blood cultures taken before antibiotics were started were included in the study. Patients with and without bacteremia were compared in terms of PCT, CRP, leukocyte count, and age. The cut-off value was determined for PCT in detecting bacteremia. Results: Of the 4036 patients evaluated, 301 patients were included in the study. 174 (57.8%) of the patients were male and 127 (42.2%) were female. Bacteremia was detected in 19% (56) of the cases. The most common pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococci (46%), and Escherichia coli (23%) was the second most common. A cut-off value of ≥3.29 for PCT has 80% specifity, while the negative predictive value was 89.5% (area under the ROC curve [AUC]= 0.718, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.663-0.768). There was a low level of positive correlation between leukocyte values and PCT values of the patients (r=0.373, p<0.001). Similarly, there was a low level of positive correlation between CRP values and PCT values (r=0.490, p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, PCT value was found to have a high negative predictive value and high specificity in detecting bacteremia. Therefore, we conclude that PCT value should be measured for early and rapid antibiotic initiation in patients who apply to the emergency outpatient clinic and are suspected of having sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vaccination is one of the preventive measures that should be taken against COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination status and factors affecting vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) working in our hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by filling out a questionnaire form with face-to-face or snowball methods to HCWs in our hospital. The questionnaire is composed of 10 questions, including demographic information, occupation of the person, working in the pandemic unit, COVID-19 and Influenza vaccination information, contracting COVID-19, and hospitalization status. Full-dose vaccination was defined as four doses in total. P<0.05 was accepted as a statistical significance level. Results: We included 744 HCWs in this study. The median age was 32 (17-60) years, and 60.8% (n=452) were women, mostly nurses (32.3%, n=240). The vaccination rate after contracting COVID-19 was 56.9% (n=269). Vaccination rates against COVID-19 were higher in women (94.5%) than in men (93%), in those who were vaccinated against influenza (99.4%) than those who were not (91%), and in doctors (99.3%) than in nurses (92.5%) and other HCWs (%90.8) (p=0.051, p=0.00, p=0.004). The rate of full-dose vaccination was found to be statistically significantly higher in those who worked in the pandemic unit (39.4%) than in those who did not (27.9%), in those who had influenza vaccination (44.5%) than those who did not (32.2%), and also higher in doctors (61.8%) compared to nurses (31.7%) and other HCWs (27.2%) (p=0.002, p=0.04, p=0.000). The rate of having COVID-19 disease was higher in HCWs who were unvaccinated or vaccinated with a missing dose (63.2%) compared to HCWs who were vaccinated with a full dose (41%) (p=0.000). Conclusion: Full-dose vaccination reduces the rate of COVID-19 disease, and doctors are more inclined to have fulldose vaccination than nurses and other HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and quality of Turkish videos about the provincial age exercise program on YouTube. Materials and Methods: On August 22, 2022, an internet search was made using YouTube, the popular search engine in Turkey, and the exercises recommended for the ages were evaluated. Forty YouTube videos were rated by two supervisors (physiatrists). The videos included in the study were evaluated using the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) tool and Global Quality and Services (GQS) benchmarks. In addition, video duration, likes, dislikes, number of comments, duration of the video on the internet, video power index, viewing rate and liking rates were evaluated. Results: According to the evaluation of both observers, the videos were found to be of medium to poor quality. While the average DISCERN score of the first observer was 41.3±17.5, the average of the DISCERN score of the second observer was 44.2±17.1, and according to the analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.898 and it was seen that there was a very good agreement. There was a high level of agreement between the two observers in terms of the DISCERN score category (κ=0.683, p<0.001). Again, according to both observers, GQS average of the videos was determined as moderate-poor results and positive correlation was found between both. Conclusion: It was determined that the content of the videos on YouTube about the age exercise programs was generally inadequate or of poor quality. It has been determined that there is a need for videos that can contribute to the preparation of higher quality and informational videos based on international guidelines, and to increase public awareness about patient compliance and exercise programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Median Arcuate L igament S yndrome ( MALS) i s a r are clinical condition w ith a r ate o f 2/100000 in the society. Therefore, MALS cases are diagnosed late.In this article, we aimed to present the findings of five patients who were diagnosed with MALS in our clinic and underwent surgical treatment, in the light of the literature. Materials and Methods: The files of five patients who were diagnosed with MALS and underwent surgical treatment in our clinic between January 2021 and December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively and data were obtained. Results: Five patients who received surgical treatment with the diagnosis of MALS were identified. Three of the patients w ere woman and two were man. All patients complained of weight loss and i ncreased abdominal pain after meals. It was observed the patients gained weightin the ±13,2 (3-24) month followup period after the surgical treatment. In addition, it was determined that his clinical complaints were resolved. Conclusions: Although MALS is a rare disease, it is important because of delay in diagnosis and treatment, loss of workforce and increasing costs on the health system due to chronic complaints of patients. Surgical excision of the fibrous band thst causes the pressure, is very effective in relieving the complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Autonomic dysfunction and inflammation are thought to play an important role in this increase. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides noninvasive detection of autonomic dysfunction. The number and distribution of blood cells are also considered important markers of inflammation. In this study, HRV and hemogram parameters were examined in patients with OSAS, and the relationship between them was investigated. Materials and Methods: The data of all patients who had overnight polysomnography (PSG) recording and hemogram parameters between 2019 and 2021 were reviewed. HRV analysis was performed on all patients included in the study. Along with demographic and clinical characteristics, the relationship between PSG parameters, HRV, and hemogram parameters was statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/hr and AHI<15/hr, and the parameters were compared. Results: A total of 321 patients (210 men, 111 women) were included in this study. The mean age was 54.8±16.1 years. The white blood cells count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, and neutrophil count, which are considered as indicators of inflammation, were significantly higher in the AHI ≥15/hr group (p=0.015; p=0.040; p=0.019 and p=0.012, respectively). Among the HRV parameters, the median low-frequency component power / high-frequency component power (LF/HF) ratio was 3.1 in patients with AHI>15/hr, while it was 2.1 in the AHI<15/hr group and was significantly higher in the moderate-severe OSAS group (p=0.012). A significant correlation was found between the LF/HF ratio and neutrophil count, leukocyte count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (r=0.201; p=0.005 and r=0.165; p=0.020 and r=0.189; p=0.008). Conclusion: In this study, the presence of increased inflammation and deterioration in sympathovagal balance in patients with OSAS has been demonstrated once again. The correlation of autonomic dysfunction with increased inflammation has been noted for the first time, suggesting that inflammation may play a primary role in sympathetic dysfunction, which is an important complication of OSAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Non-specific neck pain is pain in the lateral and posterior of the neck that is not caused by any specific reason. The preferred sleeping position in individuals with neck pain may affect pain severity, disability, upper extremity function, and sleep quality. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of sleep positions on the parameters of young individuals with nonspecific neck pain. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 91 (12 male, 79 female) university students aged 18-30 years with non-specific neck pain. Sleep positions were determined using sleep position images. Pain was assessed with the "Numerical Rating Scal", neck disability with the "Bournemouth Neck Questionnaire", upper extremity functionality with the "Upper Extremity Functional Index" and sleep quality with the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index". Results: 60.4% of those who experienced neck pain also reported that they also experienced shoulder pain. With the sleeping position, there was no statistically significant relationship between neck pain severity, shoulder pain severity, neck disability, upper extremity function, and sleep quality (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the sleep position preferred by young individuals with non-specific neck pain did not have a significant effect on pain severity, neck disability, upper extremity function, and sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Infective endocarditis is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality due to serious embolic complications. The follow-up of the patients requires multidisciplinary evaluation. We aimed to share the experience of the infective endocarditis team in our hospital and to guide the work of the teams to be formed in the future. Methods: Our study was planned as descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational. The patients were diagnosed by the modified Duke criteria. The National Infective Endocarditis Consensus Report was considered during the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment process. Results: Fifty (45.4%) of 110 patients followed by the team were diagnosed with endocarditis. Thirty of the patients (51.8%) were male, the median age was 63.5 (18-87) days, and the median duration of symptoms was 35.7 (1-180) days. 76% of the diagnoses were definite endocarditis, 46% of the cases had an acute course, aortic valve involvement was 38%, and native valve involvement was 60%; the most isolated agent was Stapyhylococcus aureus. Community-acquired infection was 46%. The most common predisposing factors were prosthetic heart valve (38%) and hemodialysis (46%). Fever was observed in 64% of the patients and dyspnea in 58%. The rate of detection of vegetation by transesophageal echocardiography was 68%. Brain, pulmonary embolisms, and spondylodiscitis were the most common complications. The median time for blood culture to become negative was 3 (3-15) days, the operation time for 15 patients was 8 (1-30) days, and the 30-day hospital mortality was 28%. A statistically significant correlation was found between mortality and the presence of previous endocarditis, ejection fraction below 50%, complication development, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, presence of thrombocytopenia, Charlson comorbidity index ≥5, and vegetation size ≥1 cm (p<0.05). We determined that the presence of previous endocarditis increased the risk of mortality 14 times (p=0.025). Conclusion: Mortality and morbidity rates can be reduced by detecting underlying diseases, controlling complications, applying early effective antibiotic and anticoagulant treatment, surgical interventions at the right time, and rapid supportive treatments for sepsis by teams formed with a multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality and has challenged health systems worldwide. Immunosuppression is considered a risk factor for development of severe COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors affecting morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, laboratory findings and outcomes of 340 COVID-19 patients with secondary immunosuppression in a university hospital in Turkey from March 2020 to April 2022 were analyzed according to the 28-day clinical outcomes. Mortality-related factors were investigated in 3 patient groups with different forms of immunodeficiency: 1) malignancy (hematologic/solid), 2) organ transplantation, and 3) rheumatological diseases. Results: 172 (51%) of the patients were female, and the mean age was 61±15 years. A total of 122 (35.8%) patients died during hospitalization. The mortality rate (73.4%) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher than those not admitted (p<0.001). The highest laboratory median values of urea, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen values were found to be significantly higher, and the first measurement lymphocyte value was found to be considerably lower compared to the surviving patients (p<0.001) in the 28-day follow-up, ICU admission increased the mortality risk 13.6 (p<0.001) times. Anticoagulant treatment (p=0.029) and nasal oxygen support (p<0.001) led to a decrease in the risk of mortality. Conclusion: Immunocompromised patients are at risk for serious COVID-19 complications. LDH, D-dimer, CRP, and lymphocyte values can be used as markers to evaluate survival, and standard treatment is essential in immunosuppressive COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chronicity of acute HBV infection is higher in people living with HIV (PLWH) than in the general population. HIV/HBV coinfection has a higher risk of rapid progression to cirrhosis and liver-related death than in solely HBV-infected patients. Therefore, vaccination against HBV is recommended. In this study, we aimed to evaluate hepatitis B vaccination rates and the factors affecting response to the vaccine in PLWH. Methods: Outpatient follow-up files and laboratory test results at the hospital information system of 1394 patients aged >18 years diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and followed between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2022, were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the PLWH, 81 (5.8%) had chronic hepatitis B infection, 114 (8.2%) had isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity, and 274 (19.6%) had a previous condition. 248 (17.7%) of the PLWH had been vaccinated before HIV/AIDS diagnosis. HBsAg, anti-HBc IgG and anti-HBs were negative in 673 PLWH. A total of 352 (44.7%) PLWHs were vaccinated, consisting of 63 (55.2%) of 114 PLWHs with isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity and 289 (42.9%) of 673 PLWHs with negative HBV serology. Immunity developed in 282 (84.1%) of those vaccinated. We found that the main factor determining the immune response was the CD4+ T lymphocyte count at the time of diagnosis, and there was a significant increase in immune response since 2015 when the recommendation of antiretroviral therapy independent of the CD4+ T lymphocyte level was implemented. We observed that comorbidities, age, gender, and sexual orientation did not significantly affect the vaccine response. Conclusion: Vaccination is critical in PLWH, and we observed that the ideal time for vaccination in those with negative HBV serology is when the CD4+ T lymphocyte count is >200 cells/mm³ and the viral load is suppressed. It should be considered that the vaccination rate and immune response will increase with the support of vaccination outpatient clinics, where vaccination status is closely monitored by healthcare personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The cycle threshold value was used to predict disease severity, disease progression, determine transmissibility, and differentiate active viral replication from prolonged virus shedding. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between rRT-PCR cycle threshold and clinical course, mortality and laboratory parameters in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The patients included in the study were grouped according to how they were followed; as outpatients, service and intensive care unit patients. Data of age, gender, length of hospital stay, survival status and comorbidities of the patients were obtained from the hospital information system. In addition, CRP, ferritin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin and iron values of inpatients were reviewed retrospectively. Cycle threshold values of the patients were compared with each parameter separately. Results: 1339 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test were included in the study. Of the patients, 774 (58%) were outpatients, 548 (41%) were in the ward, and 17 (1%) were in the intensive care unit. No significant difference was found between any of the groups when the cycle threshold values of the groups were compared statistically. Fifty (3.7%) of the patients included in the study died. Cycle threshold values of deceased patients were found to be significantly lower than those who survived (p=0.019). 306 (22.8%) of the patients had comorbidities. When the cycle threshold values of patients with and without comorbid disease were compared, no significant difference was found between any of the groups (p=0.850). In addition, no significant correlation was found between the length of hospital stay, age, CRP, LDH, ferritin, procalcitonin, albumin and iron values and the cycle threshold value. Conclusion: In conclusion, we did not find a significant difference between the cycle threshold values of outpatients, ward patients and intensive care patients. No significant correlation was found between the laboratory parameters, length of hospital stay and age, and the cycle threshold: however, deceased patients were found to have lower cycle thresholds than surviving patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is not a definitive virological treatment for chronic hepatitis B . Withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy frequently results in viral recurrence, necessitating lifetime treatment. We aimed to look into the results of discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in HBeAg negative patients. Methods: Treatment of HBeAg-negative patients without cirrhosis who had suppressed HBV DNA for a mean of ≥7 years and underwent nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for a mean of ≥7 years were stopped according to the EASL guideline stopping rule. Standard laboratory tests, such as HBV DNA viral load, HBsAg, alanine aminotransferase, and adverse events, were monitored for more than four years during therapy and afterwards. Results: HBsAg loss was not observed in any of the patients during the four-year follow-up period. After the first 12 weeks, HBV-DNA was detected in all patients whose nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment was discontinued. The percentage of patients with HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL was 70% at 6 months, 74% at 12 months, 78% at 24 months, and 79.7% at 36 months, HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL was not detected in remaining patients over a four-year period. In the first year, 26% (n=18) of patients were started treatment for relapse, 46% (n=32) in the second year, 49% (n=34) in the third year, and 55% (n=38) in the fourth year. 45% (n=31) of the patients were still being followed without treatment at the end of the fourth year. Conclusion: Although the follow-up of hepatitis B e antigen-negative CHB patients on NA therapy was longer than in the literature, our recurrence rates were similar to other studies, and no patient lost HBsAg. The most significant benefit was that we were able to follow half of the patients without therapy for more than four years, eliminating the need for the patients to use drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections among community-acquired infections in all age groups. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in community-acquired urinary tract infections by years and the resistance rates to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) and ciprofloxacin antibiotics, which are used as the first choice in community-acquired urinary tract infections. Methods: All urine culture samples from all age groups admitted to the medical microbiology laboratory from outpatient clinics and emergency services between January 2011 and August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Samples with E. coli and Klebsiella spp. detected as causative agents in urine cultures were included in the study. Conventional methods and automated systems were used to identify bacteria and for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results: E. coli (n=50 430) and Klebsiella spp. (n=7763) isolated from urine cultures between January 2011 and August 2021 were evaluated. The lowest and highest resistance rates for ciprofloxacin and TMP-SXT for E. coli were 25-40% and 35-51%, respectively. Ciprofloxacin and TMP-SXT resistance rates for Klebsiella spp. were the lowest and highest at 17-43% and 31-43%, respectively. Conclusion: Knowing the resistance rates of antibiotics used as the first choice against common agents such as E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in treating community-acquired urinary tract infections may guide the empirical antimicrobial therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment regimens of patients with brucellosis in the Tokat region. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data of 236 adult patients followed with brucellosis in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Diagnostic criteria of brucellosis were determined as culture positivity, or positivity in the Wright test at ≥ 1/160 titration, or a 4-fold increase in titer of the Wright test repeated at 2 - 3 week intervals. Demographic data, symptoms, physical examination findings, and laboratory results of the patients were evaluated. Results: 72% (n=170) of the patients were male, and the mean age was 44.47±16.64. 53% (n=125) were engaged in animal husbandry, 21.6% (n=51) consumed unpasteurized dairy products, and 13.1% (n=31) had a family member with brucellosis. Seven (2.9%) patients with a prediagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) were diagnosed with acute brucellosis. The most common symptoms were muscle-joint pain (70.3%), fever (50.8%), and sweating (43.2%). Spondylodiscitis was observed in 13.6%, epididymal-orchitis in 8.2%, and neurobrucellosis in 0.4% of the patients. Blood culture positivity was detected in 7.2% of the cases. 91.5% had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and 48.3% had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. The most common hematological findings were anemia (28%), leukopenia (10.6%), and thrombocytopenia (8.5%). As a therapy doxycycline + rifampicin combination was started at 36%, doxycycline + gentamicin to 5.8%, doxycycline + streptomycin to 5.4%, and doxycycline + rifampicin + gentamicin to 29.7% of the patients. Alternative treatment regimens were given to 22.9% (n=54) of the patients. Conclusion: Brucellosis is still a critical zoonotic disease in our region. It should be kept in mind when diagnosing patients with fever, muscle-joint pain, and sweating, with epidemiological histories, have elevated acute phase reactants and cytopenia. It should also be remembered that brucellosis can be confused with CCHF in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to determine an appropriate anti-HCV test cut-off value for the HCV-RNA study and contribute to the development of correct algorithms by evaluating our hospital's anti HCV and HCV-RNA test results between 2017-2019. Methods: Available HCV-RNA test results of patients who were found to have reactivity in anti-HCV were analyzed. Patients with anti-HCV reactivity were analyzed by dividing into age groups 0-20 years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years, and ≥61 years. HCV-RNA results were also evaluated within the same age groups. Patients with anti-HCV reactivity were divided into three groups according to their S/Co values as 1-5 mLU/mL, 5.1-10 mLU/mL, and ≥10.1 mLU/mL, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Anti-HCV reactive results were divided into groups of 1.0-3.8 mLU/mL and ≥3.9 mLU/mL according to S/Co values, and HCV-RNA positivity was 2% and 44.4% respectively. When divided into three groups as 1-5 mLU/mL, 5.1-10 mLU/mL, and ≥10.1 mLU/mL according to S/Co values, the HCV RNA positivi- ty rate was 1.8%, 25%, and 55.2%, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Countries should carry out comprehensive studies to represent their populations to determine cut-off values for widely used kits and to make this applicable with algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus. The most commonly preferred treatment option for CL treatment is pentavalent antimony compounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients diagnosed with CL treated with systemic antimony. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients diagnosed with CL and treated with systemic antimony in our skin and venereal diseases clinic between May 2018 and May 2020. The clinical and demographic characteristics recorded in the patients' files were examined. Systemic antimony (intramuscular meglumine antimonate (IM MA)) was administered Results: 30 (57.7%) of the patients in our study w ere female a nd 22 (42.3%) were male. The average age of the patients was 26.5±14.23 years. Lesions were most frequently located in the facial region, and noduloulcerative type lesions were most frequently seen. The diagnosis of CL was made by observing amastigotes in the cutaneous smear in 48 (92.3%) patients and in the histopathological examination of the lesioned skin in 4 (7.7%) patients. When the patients receiving IM MA treatment were evaluated at the 12th week in terms of treatment response, complete clinical recovery of the lesions was observed in 50 (96.1%) patients and partial clinical improvement was observed in 2 (3.9%) patients. Conclusions: As a result, the data in our study were similar to the clinical and demographic data on CL previously published in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the l evel of attitudes of medical students towards scientific researches. In the study, it was also examined whether there was a significant difference between students' attitudes towards researches according to their gender and grade levels. Materials and Methods: In this study, 110 placenta percreta patients who were delivered between January 2021 and January 2022 in the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of Harran University were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to the number of previous cesarean sections; Pregnant women's age, weeks of delivery, prepartum and postpartum blood transfusion needs, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores of their babies, intraoperative and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and peripartum invasion status according to the status of performing preventive surgery/hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed from the file records. Results: As the number of previous cesarean section increased, the hysterectomy status of the groups formed based on the number of cesarean sections was found to be statistically significant. However, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, weeks of birth, prepartum and postpartum blood transfusion needs, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores of infants, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and hospital stay. Conclusions: The incidence of hysterectomy increases as the number of previous cesarean sections increases in patients with placenta percreta.This situation increases the morbidity of the patients.Surgeons experienced in peripartum hysterectomy and uterine devascularization maneuvers are needed to achieve optimal results when the diagnosis of placenta percreta is made [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The causative agents and antibiotic resistances causing neonatal sepsis can vary according to the units. In this study, we aimed to analyze infants diagnosed with culture-confirmed late-onset neonatal sepsis in terms of frequency, etiologic factors, causative microorganisms and antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: The data of the patients monitored in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital between 2018 and 2023 were obtained from infection control committee records, patient files, and the hospital data system. Among 1641 hospitalized cases during the specified period, 218 cases diagnosed with culture-confirmed late-onset neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Results: 218 cases that were detected late-onset neonatal sepsis out of 1641 blood cultures examined for sepsis suspicion were included during the study period. 76.1 % of the cases were receiving invasive mechanical ventilator support. 23.9 % had picc lines, 55.5% had umbilical catheters, and 68.8 % had total parenteral nutrition. Among the isolates obtained from blood cultures taken after the third day of the study, 67 % were gram-negative agents. Among the gram negative agents, 43.1% were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mortality rates were significantly higher in female cases and those receiving central venous catheters and invasive mechanical ventilator support. When the causative agents of sepsis were analyzed, mortality rates were significantly higher in cases with gram-negative agents (p < 0.05). For Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, the resistance rates were found to be, respectively: 96.6% and 40% for Ampicillin, 83.1% and 55% for Gentamicin, 72.9% and 75% for Ceftazidime, 25.4% and 10% for Amikacin, 16.9% and 10% for Imipenem/Meropenem, 6.8% and 0% for Colistin, and 5.1% and 15.8% for Levofloxacin. Conclusions: The microorganisms detected in neonatal intensive care units and antibiotic resistance of these microorganisms may be variable. It is known that sepsis-related mortality rates can be reduced with appropriate empirical treatment, in early recognized late-onset neonatal sepsis cases. Therefore, each unit is recommended to formulate its treatment strategy as the sepsis agents and antibiotic resistances may differ among neonatal units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been shown that the incidence of VAP decreases with compliance with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) precautionary bundles. However, the effect of these bundles on the incidence of ventilatorrelated events (VIO) is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of VIO and compliance with the VAP prevention bundle in a certain period in the intensive care units (ICU) of a training and research hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational case-control study investigating the incidence of VIO and compliance with VAP prevention bundles between April and June 2019 in ICUs of a tertiary education and research hospital. VAP prevention bundle created; The incidence of VIO was determined according to the 2013 United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance criteria. The effects of patient characteristics and distribution of patients in ICUs on the development of VIO were investigated. Results: The study was completed with 98 patients. It was determined that the rate of compliance with VAP prevention bundles varied between 65% and 85% among ICUs. It has been shown with other important risk factors that every 10% decrease in compliance with the VAP prevention bundle increases the risk of developing VIO. Conclusions: According to the 2013 CDC criteria, the incidence of VIO in the ICUs of our hospital is 20.4%. The risk of developing VIO increases with low compliance with the VAP prevention bundle, patient characteristics, and many factors arising from ICU treatments. Differences in ICUs in terms of compliance with VIP measure bundles show the necessity of training activities on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, it was aimed to determine the stigmatising attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of women and men living in Şanlıurfa province towards abortion. Materials and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of men and women between the ages of 18-65. The sample size was calculated as 292 according to the values obtained from the pilot study. The data of the study were collected by face-to-face interview technique between July and August 2023 by using Personal Information Form and Stigmatising Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours Scale towards Abortion. In the evaluation of the data, percentage, mean, standard deviation from descriptive statistics; Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Anova and Spearman's Correlation analysis from univariate analysis; Logistic Regression analysis from multivariate analysis were used. Results: In the study, the mean score of the Scale of Stigmatising Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours Towards Abortion was 41.39±17.28. In univariate analyses, it was found that the scale score was significantly higher in males, married people, unemployed people, people with poor economic status, Arabic language speakers, people with primary education level and below, and there was a low level positive correlation between age and number of living children and the scale score (p<0.05). In the Logistic Regression analysis, it was determined that the scale score was significantly higher in males, those with poor economic status, those with an educational level of primary education and below, and those with three or more living children (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that women and men living in Şanlıurfa province had moderate stigmatising attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards abortion; and gender, education level, economic status and number of living children significantly affected attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, age estimation is a method that is utilized in biological profiling, frequently used in forensic sciences for identification purposes and provides important data. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the works on age estimation in the ISI Web of Science (WoS) database and to provide suggestions for interdisciplinary interaction and research trends. Materials and Methods: Among the articles in the WoS database, articles containing the word "age" in the title, as well as those containing any of the words "estimation," "determination," "prediction," or "assessment," were identified. The filtering feature of the database was used to investigate the language of these articles, publication year, journal of publication, authors, affiliations of authors, countries where the studies were conducted, citation counts of the articles, and the financial support received for the studies. Results: It was found that 990 (97.1%) of the 1020 articles within the scope of our study were published in English, the works have received a total of 23704 citations since their publication, 993 (97.4%) of the articles examined were included in journals indexed within the scope of SCI-E, and the most studies were conducted in Germany with 145 articles (10.4%). Conclusions: The study findings shed light on the bibliometric analysis of countries, institutions, and researchers involved in forensic age estimation based on the analysis of articles available in the WoS database. This study is the first of its kind conducted in this field. The obtained information can serve as a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and other stakeholders, contributing to the guidance of future research on age estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gallbladder cancers are rare diseases that can be diagnosed by pathological examination. In this study, we determined the frequency of incidental gallbladder cancer in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and asked, "Should we expand the indications for cholecystectomy in in gallbladder diseases to reduce the incidence of gallbladder cancer?" We aimed to find an answer to the question. Materials and Methods: The files of patients who underwent cholecystectomy between January 2011 and January 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients under the age of 18 who underwent open cholecystectomy, were diagnosed preoperatively and had different concomitant oncological diseases were excluded from the study. Patients over the age of 18 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease were included in the study. Demographic data, radiological examinations, pathology reports, stages, follow-up and treatment, and results of patients with incidentally diagnosed gallbladder cancer were recorded. Results: Of the 4499 patients who underwent cholecystectomy within the specified date range, 3324 met the inclusion criteria. Gallbladder cancer was detected incidentally in nine (0.27%) patients. 5 (55.5%) of the patients were male (M/F:5/4) and their mean age was 67.3 (47-78) years. While five patients underwent only laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy after extensive resection after cholecystectomy. The mortality rate was 55.5% (n=5). Conclusions: The results are satisfactory in patients with gallbladder cancers diagnosed at an early stage. Because of the possibility of coincidental cancer, radiological examination and histopathological evaluation should be done with care. Even if it is not symptomatic, the choice of early surgery in benign diseases diagnosed at an early age should be reviewed with new studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive care units are the most frequently affected areas by infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Due to its rapid development of antimicrobial resistance, causes serious therapeutic problems. The aim of this study is to determine antibiotic susceptibilities of A. baumannii strains isolated from intensive care units over a four-year period. Materials and Methods: A. baumannii strains isolated from various samples sent from intensive care units to the medical microbiology laboratory between January 2018 and December 2021 were included in the study. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using standard microbiological methods and automated systems. Antibiotic resistance data from 2018 to 2021 were compared using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1900 A. baumannii strains were included in the study. These strains were most commonly isolated from tracheal aspirate culture samples (1011; 53%). Among the intensive care units, it was determined that it was most frequently isolated from the Anesthesiology and Reanimation intensive care unit (697; 37%). When comparing the years 2018 and 2021, an increase in antibiotic resistance was observed in A. baumannii. The most significant resistance increase was found in amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study revealed high antibiotic resistance among A. baumannii strains. Regular monitoring and reporting of antibiotic susceptibility results will enable physicians to establish antibiotic usage policies and take infection control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 5th metacarpal neck fractures constitute 20% of hand bone fractures. It is called "boxer fracture" because it usually occurs as a result of punching. That is why, this study was carried out in order to begin a discussion on how the forensic medical approach should be in those cases and ultimately to provide a consensus on this issue. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among people who were diagnosed with metacarpal fracture and for whom a forensic report was issued in 2017-2022. The obtained data were analyzed as numbers and percentage. Results: There were 15 case applications in total. All of the cases were male. The age range of the cases was between 12-68 and the mean age was 36.26. Fracture was found in the 5th metacarpal in 11 cases (73.33%). 5th metacarpal fracture was in the dominant hand in 7 cases. Conclusions: It was emphasized that fractures can occur in other metacarpals by direct mechanisms as a result of hand trauma, and the importance of forensic medicine specialists to approach those cases on the basis of anamnesis-origin-examination-investigation quartet. On the other hand, the issue of the dominant hand was also critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social media, which is also used as a form of social support, is widely accepted in part due to its availability, ease of access and social acceptability of resources at any time of the day. In this context, it is aimed to examine the use of social media and its effects on women's contraception methods in this study. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected by using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers questioning the socio-demographic, obstetric, gynecological characteristics and contraception histories of the women, and a personal information form for the use of social media to obtain information about contraception. Number and percentage distribution, mean and standard deviation were used in the analysis of the data. Results: It was determined that the mean age of the women was 34.93±7.41 (range: 18-48), 67.0% of them were associate degree / undergraduate / graduate degrees and 26.4% of them worked in a job that generates income. It was determined that all of the women in this study used more than one social media account, 74.3% of them confirmed the accuracy of the information obtained from social media with a health professional, and the most sought-after information about contraception methods was aimed at increasing general knowledge. Conclusions: It was concluded that the women in this study widely use social media as a source of information. Important contributions can be made to women's health by examining social media content and sharing accurate information by health professionals so that women can access reliable information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has an important role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in our body, especially in the bone and skeletal system. It is known that vitamin D level is low in developing countries such as Turkey, while it should be normal or high, especially in people in sun-rich regions. Vitamin D prophylaxis in Turkey is recommended by the Ministry of Health to be given regularly for up to 12 months. However, we observed that some of the patients who applied to pediatric outpatient clinics did not comply with vitamin D prophylaxis. The aim of this study is to identify children who do not comply with vitamin D prophylaxis, to determine the reasons for not complying with prophylaxis, and to urge them to use vitamin D prophylaxis more effectively. Materials and Methods: Children between the ages of 0-12 months who applied to the Pediatric Health and Diseases outpatient clinic were evaluated, and a questionnaire was applied to the parents of a total of 405 children. Analyzes were evaluated in SPSS 26 package program. Chi-square analysis was used to compare categorical variables between groups. The statistical significance level in the analyzes was accepted as p<0.05. Results: While 90.9% of parents use vitamin D regularly for their babies, 6.4% use it irregularly, 2.7% do not use it at all. 77.3% of parents started using vitamin D for their children within 15-30 days after birth. The use of vitamin D for children was recommended by a physician to 98.5% of the parents. Of the parents who never used vitamin D for their children, 7 stated that it was too early to use it, and 1 stated that they did not use it because the baby's fontanelle was small. Of the parents who do not use it regularly, 10 stated that they stopped using it because of side effects, 5 because of neglect, and 4 because they ran out of vitamins. There was no statistically significant difference in the use of vitamin D according to the mother's job status, the education of the parents and the monthly income of the family. 92.0% of the parents who were recommended to use vitamin D for their baby by a physician and 16.7% of those who were not recommended to use vitamin D used vitamin D (p<0.001) Conclusions: In our study, it was determined that vitamin D was highly recommended by health professionals and although the rate of use was also high, it was determined that some parents either never used vitamin D in their babies or did not use it regularly. Reasons such as side effects of vitamin D, neglect of parents and thinking that it is too early to start vitamin D have led to not using vitamin D. It is suggested that physicians' recommendation of vitamin D prophylaxis is effective and therefore physicians should emphasize prophylaxis more frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire healthcare system in many ways. In our study, we aimed to determine how the dermatology outpatient profile was affected by the pandemic and the level of pandemic awareness. Materials and Methods: Data of patients seen at our outpatient clinic within the first 60 days prior to declaration of the pandemic in Turkey and 60 days afterward were extracted through the digital hospital database. A questionnaire with 24 questions, 8 specifically about the pandemic, were completed by 123 patients (9.3%) out of the 1,314 patients who applied to our outpatient clinic during the pandemic. Results: A total of 3,202 patients were evaluated. Of these, 1,888 (59%) were examined before and 1,314 (41%) during the pandemic. A 30.4% decrease in the number of patients was observed during the pandemic. There was also a significant increase in the male to female ratio. Psoriasis, bullous diseases, and melanoma diagnoses showed a statistically significant increase in frequency whereas acne, xerosis cutis and nail diseases were less frequent. Female patients were more frequently affected psychologically by the pandemic (76.1% versus 53.8%) (p=0.017). Duration of dermatological complaints was shorter than 3 months in 44 (35.8%) patients, between 3 to 6 months in 12 (9.8%) and longer than 6 months in 67 (54.5%) patients. Ninety-one (74%) of the patients felt that their reason for seeking an appoinment at the dermatology outpatient clinic was "urgent". There was no statistically significant relationship between the patients' opinion of whether their complaints consisted of an emergency and the duration of the skin disease (p=0.830). Conclusion: Our finding that the "emergency" concept of patients differs from that of medical professionals is striking. In this period of dramatic changes in the healthcare system, such as the pandemic, online technology may be beneficial for better healthcare service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused unexpected and drastic changes in the modus operandi of global healthcare. Psoriasis is a dermatosis that necessitates the provision of special healthcare services in dermatology clinics, due to its severe effects on quality of life and its socioeconomic consequences. This study aimed to identify pandemic-related problems experienced by psoriasis patients followed up in our outpatient clinic, thereby revealing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on these patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 64 patients with plaque psoriasis who were followed up at the Psoriasis Outpatient Clinic of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology 6 months before and after the start of the pandemic in Türkiye. A questionnaire was used to inquire how the patients were affected by the pandemic; median Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores and number of hospital visits were compared with pre-pandemic values. Results: Thirty-six patients (56.3%) stated that the pandemic had no effect on their disease, 20 patients (31.3%) reported a deterioration of their disease. The most common reasons thought to aggravate disease were pandemic-related stress and changes in treatment regimen. Treatment of 43 patients (67.2%) remained the same during the pandemic. There was a change in treatment in 21 patients (32.8%). The median number of patient visits to our outpatient clinic was 3 before the pandemic, which dropped to 2 during the first 6 months of the pandemic (p<0.001). PASI scores were compared on an individual basis, and 30 patients (46.9%) in the study group had an increase in their median PASI scores during the pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic led to fewer patient visits to the hospital and difficulties in managing patient compliance to treatment. Our study showed that approximately half the psoriatic patients being treated had an increase in the severity of their disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. A considerable percentage of these patients linked this deterioration with the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Various lasers, mainly nanosecond Q-switched (QS), and picosecond lasers, have been successfully used to treat solar lentigines. However, picosecond lasers are expensive, and QS lasers have a higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) in darker skin types. The aim of our study is to examine retrospectively the efficacy and safety of long-pulsed alexandrite laser in the treatment of solar lentigines, compare our findings to previous studies with nano and pico-second lasers, and evaluate long-term outcomes regarding recurrence. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 39 patients with a clinical diagnosis of solar lentigo treated by long pulsed alexandrite laser. Patients' photographs and clinical charts were reviewed in terms of demographic features, areas of treatment, number of sessions, laser settings, recurrence of lesions, Fitzpatrick's skin type, and any side effects observed. Results: The rate of improvement was excellent in 33 (84.6%), moderate in 4 (10.3%), and mild in 2 (5.1%) patients. Seven (17.9%) patients with Fitzpatrick's skin type III and IV developed PIH. Lesion recurrence was observed in 5 patients (12.8%). Mean time to recurrence was 57.98±4.45 months. Conclusion: Our study suggests that long pulsed alexandrite laser is an effective and safe option in the treatment of solar lentigines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals can make appropriate health decisions, access health services, and understand and apply the treatment given. The aim of this study is to evaluate the health literacy level of the parents of patients diagnosed with one of the chronic neurological diseases of childhood. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by applying a questionnaire containing the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 (TSOY-32) to the parents of pediatric patients followed up for chronic neurological diseases. Results: Three hundred thirty eight people (53.3% female, 46.7% male) participated in the study. According to the participants' health literacy level according to the TSOY-32 scale; 15.4% (n=52) were inadequate, 24.6% (n=83) problematic/limited, 34% (n=115) adequate, 26% (n=88) excellent. The health literacy level of 40.2% of the parents of the patients followed up with epilepsy, 58.8% of the parents of the patients followed up with neuromuscular disease and 52.6% of the parents followed up with neurodegenerative diseases was found to be insufficient or problematic-limited. Conclusion: 40% of parents of children with chronic neurological diseases do not have sufficient health literacy. This rate increases in cases where the incidence of chronic neurological disease is low. It would be appropriate to organize training programs to increase social awareness and health literacy in chronic neurological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by non-specific signs and symptoms caused by various pathogens. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical and laboratory findings. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are the predominant etiologic agents. In our study,we aimed to evaluate the types of microorganisms grown in neonatal blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gram-negative agents. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2566 blood culture results. Samples from blood culture bottles with growth were passaged on blood agar. The growing colonies were identified by MALDİ-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on a fully automated device. The results were evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Results: Growth was detected in 12.1% of the samples. 59.5% of the patients with growth were male. 66% of the patients were at term and 53.7% had early-onset sepsis. 74.6% of the cases were cesarean section and 59.5% were above 2500 grams. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most common organisms grown in early and late-onset sepsis. 73.9% CNS, 9% Gram-negative enteric and nonfermentary bacilli, 2.9% Gram-positive bacilli and 0.1% fungi were grown. 40% of S.aureus were methicillin resistant. The most antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative agent was Klebsiella spp. Klebsiella spp. isolates were resistant to amikacin 9%, ampicillin 100%, cefepime 72.7%, ceftazidime 81.8%, gentamicin 81.8%, meropenem 9.1%. Extended spectrum beta lactamase was positive in 90.9%. Acinetobacter spp. isolates were resistant to amikacin 42.8%, ampicillin 42.8%, gentamicin 42.8%, meropenem 42.8%. Conclusion: Microorganism species and antibiotic susceptibilities in intensive care units vary over time and between clinics. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials started early with suspicion of sepsis without culture confirmation can be replaced with agentspecific narrow-spectrum antimicrobials when growth is detected in culture,monotherapy can be switched or treatment can be terminated early. This may contribute to the prevention of resistance development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are defined by the World Health Organization as one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the importance of vitamin D level and iron deficiency in the clinical course of the disease in patients aged 6-24 months with LRTI. Materials and Methods: In this study, we included patients who were hospitalized in the pediatric unit due to LRTI at Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty from 6-24 months old. Patients with vitamin D and/or hemogram levels were selected between September 2019 and December 2021. In control group, we choose who applied to our hospital for any reason without LRTI and have vitamin D and or hemogram level in our record. When retrospectively scanned, 82 patients with LRTI s and 84 people in the control group were included. Clinical findings, laboratory values and demographic values of both groups were collected retrospectively. SPSS 22.0 program was used for statistical analysis. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In patient group; 27 (32.9%) were female and 55 (67.1%) were male, in the control group; 46 (54.8%) were female and 38 (45.2%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with LRTI and the healthy control group in regard of gender and age. Mean Vitamin D level and Vitamin D level were determined to be significantly lower in the patient group respectively; p=0.01, p=0.037. We evaluated by Vitamin D and hemoglobin level, there was no statistically significant result between the two groups in terms of hospitalization, treatments and clinical severity of LRTI. Vitamin D levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients who received vitamin D prophylaxis compared to those who did not (p=0.043). Conclusion: We think that it would be appropriate to evaluate the patients for vitamin D value who followed up with LRTI . Therefore, think that vitamin D supplementation will also prevent recurrence of LRTIs in these patients, should be kept in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]