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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of active and passive smoking on pregnant women. Methods: A sample of 384 pregnant women who applied to the Ankara Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Gynecology Training and Research Hospital between 08.12.2014 and 01.02.2015 were included in this descriptive study. The data were obtained via a data collection form prepared by the researchers using a face-to-face interview by the attending physician. Results: The mean age of the participants was 25.91±5.69 (16-42) years. Of the participants, 263 (68.5%) had never smoked, 41 (10.7%) were still smoking, 80 (20.8%) had stopped smoking, 30 of them (7.8%) having quit before conception and 50 (13%) while pregnant. It was found that 47 participants (58.8%) smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day and 33 women (41.3%) smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. All the women who quit smoking (n = 80; 100%) stated that they did not seek any assistance for smoking cessation. The study revealed that 278 (72.4%) of the pregnant women who participated in the study were passively affected by cigarette smoke. The smoking status of 148 pregnant women (42.3%) was not inquired by the attending physicians during pregnancy followups, and 314 (89.7%) were not asked any questions about passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Conclusions: The rates of active and passive exposure to cigarette smoke were high among pregnant women. Passive exposure to cigarette smoke should be questioned regularly during pregnancy follow-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the usage areas of cost analysis in hospital operations and to provide useful information to hospital managers about where cost information can be used. Methods: Research data was obtained using a questionnaire prepared for senior executives in the private hospitals, the Ministry of Health hospitals, the university hospitals and the cities hospitals operating in Turkey. The data obtained from the study was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, etc.) by using SPSS 22.0 package program by means of hypothesis tests (Independent samples t test, ANOVA, Correlation, etc.). Results: The cost information of the managers who participated in the study questionnaire was mostly determined in terms of profit / loss (mean 4,11), the accounting with the cost value of the assets in the balance sheet (mean 4,10), and price comparisons between the purchase of raw materials and materials and machinery and equipment (mean 4.04). Managers' cost information in terms of financial statement analysis, cost analysis and strategic decision-making was no difference in terms of use level by gender, age, educational status, professional years, educational institutions, titles, training status, knowledge, skills, capabilities and departments (p>0.05), however, it was found to be significant according to hospital property types (p<0.05). Conclusions: As a result of this research, hospital enterprises used cost information more in the field analysis of financial statements rather than cost analysis and strategic decision making. However, it was concluded that hospitals didn't fully analyze cost information and didn't use it in strategic decisions for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our country has a young and growing population and has high birth rates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of pregnant women, their relatives and social structure on cesarean delivery rates in our country. Methods: A total of 264 pregnant women who were hospitalized the years of 2017-2018 were examined. A questionnaire was applied to the pregnant women, their spouses and the mothers of the couples. In the questionnaire forms, there were questions about which type of birth they prefer, the approximate monthly income of the patients in both groups, their educational status, the suggestions and requests of the pregnant women, and the social and demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Survey data; Pregnant and relatives were collected as a result of face-to-face interview after hospitalization. Results: In cesarean section births; In pregnancies where the pregnant and relatives prefer cesarean delivery type, resulting in vaginal delivery; pregnant and her relatives preferred normal vaginal delivery more frequently. It was determined that the normal birth rate was higher in patients with income levels below 3000 Turkish liras and education level below university level. Cesarean delivery rates were lower in pregnant women living in extended families than nuclear families. Conclusions: According to our study; pregnancy and relatives preferences about the type of birth is seen to affect the way of birth, income and education level decreases and living in a large family increases the normal birth rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ear acupuncture and NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming) applications on weight loss. Methods: This study, planned as a prospective intervention study, was conducted between 15 March and 15 June 2018. A total of 60 patients with excess weight and obesity, who applied to the Acupuncture and Complementary Medicine Methods Application and Research Center of Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Family Medicine Department, were included in the study. Two groups of 30 people were formed and NLP was applied to one group and acupuncture was applied to the other group as 12 sessions with 15 days intervals. Results: 70% (n = 42) of the patients were female and 30% (n = 18) were male. The number of female participants was significantly higher in the ear acupuncture group (p <0.005). At the end of the study, mean weight loss in the groups was 7.07 ± 3.85 kg in the acupuncture group and 4.87 ± 2.55 kg in the NLP group (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Our study suggests that ear acupuncture and NLP applications provide the desired level of weight loss in obese patients, however ear acupuncture is a more effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The World Health Organization aims to support the psychosocial problems of the palliative care patient and the treatment of his physical complaints, as well as to support his family and caregivers. Since the caregivers of palliative patients are exposed to stress for a long time, various health problems and functional losses develop, and their quality of life is adversely affected. The aim is to measure the perception of stress of caregivers in Palliative Care Service (PCS) and to reveal socio-cultural and health-related characteristics. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population of study was caregivers of patients in the PCS between 1 February 2019 and 1 May 2019. A questionnaire including questions about their health status, their patients' history, socio-cultural and demographic characteristics was applied. Also, Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) measures perceived stress levels was applied. Results: 61.25% of the participants were female and 38.75% were male. 41.25% of the caregivers consisted of the spouses and children of the patients. It was determined that the mean of hospitalization day of the patients was 21±6.74. The rate of care at home or in an out-ofhospital setting were 21%. The most important problems faced were; problems related to patient care, complaints and burnout. The most common chronic diseases in caregivers were; diabetes (13.20%), hypertension (12.26%), depression (10.37%). The rate of thought that their chronic diseases were under control was 55.8%. The mean score of the PSS-10 was 21.09±6.74. Conclusions: The caregivers of patients in the palliative care service stated that they faced many problems in the care process. The diagnosis of depression was found to be higher in participants taking part in patient care than the normal population. Psychosocial support should be given to the caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross section study has been conducted to determine the burnout level of the nurses working in a university hospital and to analyze the relationship between burnout and socio-demographic variables. Methods: The study has been done on 192 nurses who agreed to participate. Data has been collected by a sociodemographic data form consisting of 31 questions and consisting of 22 questions Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: The nurses' MBI emotional exhaustion average subscale points were determined as 20.3±7.0, depersonalization subscale average points were determined as 6.0±3.2 and personal accomplishment average subscale points were determined as 19.3±4.1. Gender, perceived income level, presence of chronic disease, history of receiving psychiatric help, total length of service in clinic, problem life while taking annual leave, occupational compliance, adherence to the profession, love of the profession and the possibility of professional development of the institution were found to affect burnout. (p<0.05). Conclusions: The level of emotional exhaustion of nurses is determined to be high, their depersonalization level is medium and personal accomplishment level is in inverse proportion and low. Burnout syndrome can be experienced as a result of the interaction between the personal qualities, workplace and professional qualities of the nurses. All these variables affect the burnout level. The burnout of nurses must be evaluated in both personal and organizational perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To prove whether the cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist has an anti-inflammatory effect in the model of Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion model was created in rats. The cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist (AM-1241) was given through the abdominal vein (iv) just before creating ischemia and reperfusion. Afterwards, evans blue was applied iv. The transition of evans blue to the tissues was seen with the naked eye. Immediately after this stage, the systemic blood circulation pool was emptied properly. Tissues were incubated at formamide for 48 hours after weighing, and measurements were made at a wavelength of 620 nm on a spectrophotometer. Results: About 803% evans blue escape was observed in the I/R group compared to the sham control group. The difference between the I/R and the I/R+CB2 agonist is that the agonist holds proteins and reduces the transition of protein and evans blue to tissue fluid. Conclusions: The cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist was found to inhibit the escape of protein from both the ileum and the distant organ (lung) capillaries, and thus showed antiinflammatory effect in the ileum I/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Skin prick test (SPT) is mainly used for diagnosis and follow-up of diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic urticaria (CU), allergic asthma (AA) and allegic rhinitis (AR). The aim of current study is to explore the results of SPT retrospectively which were performed in Dermatology Outpatient Allergy Unit (DOAU) for identifying indications and positivity. Methods: Results of SPT which were performed on 2014-2016 were investigated based on archives of DOAU. Results of SPT were analyzed from the SPT Forms which were prepared for each patient. Results: SPT were performed on 1916 individuals who admitted to DOAU during 2015-2016. AA was determined in 941, AR in 133 and dermatological diseases were 842 patients. SPT positive results, for at least one or more allergen agents, of patients with AA, AR and dermatological diseases were 92.1%, 71.4% and 50% respectively. Dermatological diseases included; except CU in 69 patients and AD in 55 patients. In the remaining 718 patients were diagnosed with dermatitis, idiopathic generalised pruritus (IGP) and other dermatological disorders. SPT positivity rates in CU was 55.1%, 52.7% in AD and 48.6% in several dermatological diseases. Conclusions: As a result, the rate of SPT positivity in patients with AA and AR were higher than both CU, AD and several dermatological diseases. The reason of this may be related with lesser role of type 1 hypersensivity reaction in etiopathogenesis of CU and AD, and/or improper SPT indications who were directed with diagnosis of several dermatological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: As in all over the world, viral hepatitis is an important public health problem in our country. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in patients who applied to the Family Medicine out patient clinic at a university hospital. Methods: The data of the patients who were admitted to Karabük University Education and Research Hospital Family Medicine out patient clinic for any reason between January 2016-December 2018 and who were asked for hepatitis markers were included in the study. Age, gender, demographic data, HBsAg, AntiHBs, AntiHCV, AntiHAVIgM and AntiHAVIgG ELISA test results were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Among 4297 people included in the study, 48.4% were female and 51.6% were male. The mean age was 36.9 ± 14.7 (2-91) years. In our study, seropositivity was found in 1%, 45%, 0.8%, 0.1% and 57% of HBsAg, AntiHBs, AntiHCV, AntiHAVIgM and AntiHAVIgG tests, respectively. AntiHBs seropositivity rate was highest in the 0-29 age group. Conclusions: The rate of HBV, HCV and HAV infection was found to be low in the applicants of family medicine. With the inclusion of the HBV vaccine in the national vaccination program, AntiHbs positivity was significantly higher in the younger group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, it is aimed to compare the early results of sutureless bioprosthetic aortic valve and mechanical valve replacement in high-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Material and Methods: Between January 2015 and September 2018, 34 (18 males, 16 females) patients who underwent sutureless bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (Edwards, Intuity) and 50 (29 males, 21 females) mechanical aortic valve replacement (Medtronic, ATS) were included in the study. It is aimed to compare the demographic data and postoperative 1st month data of patients. Results: In patients with mechanical valve insertion, ejection fraction (EF) was 60 (38-69), New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification was 3 (2-4), EuroSCORE was 3 (0-7) and mean gradient was 56 (40-75) mmHg, while in patients with sutureless valve EF was determined as 52 (33-68), NYHA as 4 (2-4), EuroSCORE as 5 (0-7) and mean gradient as 60 (40-95) mmHg. In patients who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement, 9 patients underwent coronary bypass, 7 patients underwent mitral valve replacement and 2 patients underwent tricuspid ring annuloplasty, simultaneously. In patients who underwent sutureless valve replacement, 8 patients underwent coronary bypass, 1 patient underwent mitral valve replacement and 1 patient underwent mitral repair. In both groups, a patient died within the first 30 days postoperatively. Conclusion: Advanced age and the presence of comorbidities increase the mortality and morbidity in operations due to aortic stenosis. Sutureless aortic valve replacement can be safely used in high-risk patients with low mortality and morbidity, excellent hemodynamics and short implantation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Simple renal cyst is the most common cystic formation in adults. The relationship between simple renal cyst and hypertension incidence is still controversial. In this study it is aimed to determine any association between simple renal cyst and frequency of hypertension in patients with microscopic hematuria. Material and Methods: The study was designed by reviewing results of 200 patients with ages between 51 and 89 retrospectively and creating two groups, among 1075 patients who had undergone abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal computer tomography due to microscopic hematuria. The patients were evaluated into two groups regarding presence of simple renal cyst or not. The relationship between simple renal cyst and hypertension was analyzed. Results: There is no significant difference between two groups according to demographic features such as age and gender. Hypertension rate was not differ significantly between the simple renal cyst group and control group (p=0.471). It was detected that cyst size, presence of multiple cysts, cysts at more than one location and bilateral cysts were increased the hypertension rate in addition to age in patients with simple renal cyst (all p values <0.001). Cut-off level of cyst size for hypertension diagnosis was determined as ≥2 cm (AUC=0.949, 95% GA=0.903-0.995, p<0.001). Conclusion: As a result, we found a significant association between frequency of hypertension and presence of 2 cm and greater simple renal cysts, presence of multiple cysts and presence of bilateral cysts. Further prospective researches are required to determine the reason and the necessary management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease is frequently seen with critical leg ischemia. Despite the benefits of pharmacological agents in the lesions, the most effective treatment method is revascularization. In this study, we aimed to compare the results of drug-eluting balloon and standard balloon endovascular treatment methods. Material and Methods: One hundred and ninety-six patients who underwent infrapopliteal revascularization in Cardiovascular Surgery clinic in Namık Kemal University Hospital between January 2015 and June 2017 were included in the study. During the study, 100 patients were treated with drug-eluting balloon (DEB) (Lutonix, Bard, USA), while 96 patients were treated with standard balloon (PTA) (Nanocross, Medtronic, USA). The one-year patency rates were compared between the two groups. The patients were followed up at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months after the procedure and followed by Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurements and Rutherford classification. Results: Eighty three female and 113 male patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 63.56±11.21. The median Rutherford classification was 4 (3-5) in the drug-eluting group according to the Rutherford classification and 4 (3-5) in the naked balloon group. During the 12-month follow-up period, limb salvage rate was 82.0% (n=82) in drug-eluting balloons and this rate was found to be 65.6% (n=63) in naked balloon group. In terms of amputation rates, the drug-eluting balloon group was found to be statistically superior (p=0.009). Conclusion: In this study, 12-month patency rates were found to be superior to naked balloons at 12-month patency rates and clinical follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the students' opinions about their clinical rotations, inform their level of knowledge and opinion about student centered education methods; brain storming, small group study, task based learning, problem based learning, Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE), student clinics, clinical skills education method. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The all clinical year students were called and invited respectively to attend the study. The volunteer students answered the survey for their clinical rotations and the level of knowledge about student centered education methods. Then, researcher made a presentation to give information about student centered education methods approximatelly 40 minutes. Than a survey about students' experience with student centered education methods and their willingness to get training with these methods were applied. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: The student were evaluated clinical rotations with a mean score 5,35 over 10 average. (min: 1, max.: 8, SD: ±1,62). It was indicated that the participants have not get training with student centered education methods. Students have provided to use student-centered education methods; brain stroming-small group study-homework based learning (%83.9), task based learning (%87.1), OSPE(%93,5), student clinics (96,8), clinical skills laboratory educations (%96,8), take part highly in our faculty's new curriculum. Conclusion: Clinical year students indicated that the getting feedback during clinical rotations, interdisiplinnary interactive educations, the diversity and number of patient-disease are insufficient in clinical rotations. They also support and believe that student-centered education methods have more benefits. Furthermore, it's mentioned that they want to take education with student centered education methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Sarcoidosis is known as the 'great imitator' for its versatile manifestations which differ among genders. The objective of this study is to investigate the signs and symptoms and differences in respect to gender and phases of disease. Material and Methods: This cohort study includes patients with sarcoidosis classified as asymptomatic, with pulmonary symptoms only, extrapulmonary symptoms only and those with both together. The frequency, prevalence, and severity of the signs and symptoms were compared between gender identities. Results: This study enrolled 338 patients, of which 71% were female, and mean age was 42.5±11.6. Most patients (86%) were symptomatic on presentation, and pulmonary symptoms were noted in 31%, extrapulmonary symptoms in 23% and both in 32%. There were no significant differences between genders regarding cough (45% in women, 42% in men, p=0.620), sputum (9%, 11%, respectively, p=0.535), hemoptysis (2%, 1%, respectively, p=0.678), fever (4%, 4%, respectively, p=0.999). Dyspnea was reported significantly more common in women (33% and 22%, respectively, p=0.048) whilst chest pain was more common in men (7%, and %20 respectively, p=0.001). Excessive perspiration was significantly more common in men, and erythema nodosum in women (p=0.004 and p=0.003, respectively). Frequencies of constitutional symptoms other than perspiration did not differ between sexes. Conclusion: Women with sarcoidosis were older than men and dyspnea and erythema nodosum were seen more commonly in women. Frequencies of other symptoms were similar between sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the ECG and ECO parameters in patients admitting to the emergency department with syncope and to evaluate relationship between ECG and ECHO findings and the cause and feature of syncope. Methods: A total of 90 patients admitted to our emergency department due to syncope between January 2016 and December 2016 were included in the study. This research is designed as a prospective cross-sectional case study. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were measured and recorded. The type-1 error level was determined as 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: Forty (44.4%) of the patients were female, and 50 (55.6%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 63,5 years of age. Most of the cases (%57,8) discharged with a follow-up decision, and 36 patients were hospitalized, and 2.2% of patients died. When the relationship between the syncope duration of the patients and the duration of PR, QRS, and QT at the time of referral and 6th hour were examined, the only relation between QRS duration and duration of syncope was found statistically significant. Tricuspid insufficiency (41.1%), mitral regurgitation (37.8%), aortic insufficiency (18.9), mitral stenosis (6.7%) and aortic stenosis (5.6%) were found to be the most common cardiac valve diseases in the patients. The mean ejection fraction values of the patients were 50.3% and mean pulmonary artery pressure 30.8 mmHg. Conclusion: The use of ECG and ECHO in all patients who are referred for syncope is very useful in distinguishing cardiac syncope patients, diagnosing syncope, and identifying patients at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Today, people are increasingly interested in complementary and alternative medicine (TAT) practices. These are the most preferred herbal products by patients. Herbal products are also widely used in diabetes patients. The use of herbal products in diabetic patients can lead to morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the use of herbal supplements in diabetic patients as well as the methods of administration and the side effects of the products. Methods: The cross-descriptive study was carried out from May to June 2016 and enrolled 150 patients aged over 18 years who applied to Mustafa Kemal University Medical Hospital Endocrinology Outpatients. Results: Of the 150 participants, 60.7% (n:91) were male while 39.3% (n:59) were female and 22% (n:33) of them reported herbal supplement use. The most preferred supplements were, cinnamon 5.3% (n:8), lemon 4.7% (n:7), pomegranate syrup 3.3% (n:5), green tea 2.7% (n:4), 2.0% almond (n:3), 1.3% (n:2) yarrow, sage and olive leaves. None of them declared a consultation about these CAM with their doctor. Also none of them declared a side effect. Conclusion: Herbal supplements are used by a great majority of diabetic patients, but none of them were using herbal supplements by physician advice. The use of herbal supplements without physician control may lead to undesirable outcomes for diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge of athletics national team athletes about doping types used in sport and their views on anti-doping. Methods: Seven descriptive type studies were conducted with 73 athletes who participating in the Super League Final Competitions and Junior European Champion Club Cup competitions in the Activity Program of the Turkish Athletics Federation and agreeing to participate in the research. Survey form prepared by researchers was used as data collection tool. The data are expressed in numbers and percentages, using the chi-square test in the analysis. Results: 79.5% of the athletes stated that the most stimulants were used in the sport. This was followed by anabolic androgenic steroids with 68.5%, and anti-estrogenic agents with 65.8%. Approximately two-thirds of the athletes said they were well informed about doping by athletes, coaches and administrators (64.4%), and also they had knowledge about it (%64.4) and had read doping related publications (65.8%). In terms of anti-doping, athlethes find the activities satisfactory of the related institutions and organizations, in particular state (76.7%), federation (82.2%) and clubs (63.0%). Conclusion: As a result, it has been determined that among the participating athletes, the most common types of doping are in which stimulants and anabolic-androgenic steroids, and approximately two-thirds of the athletes said they were well informed about doping by athletes, coaches and administrators, and also think that they had knowledge about it, moreover more than half of the athletes find the activities of the related institutions and organizations satisfactory for the anti-doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Parents with disabled kids have plenty of different responsibilities and problems. The aim of this study is healthy living style behaviour assessment of the patients during struggling this challenge. Methods: This study was carried out in both a special education center located in Yenimahalle, Ankara and Family Health Clinic in Ankara Hospital, belong to Ministry of Health between April 15 and June 15, 2016. For this aim, 120 disabled kids" persons were included into the study. A survey including sociademographic questions and Healthy Life Behaviours Scale (HLBS) was applied to the participants. Data were analyzed by statistical program SPSS 16.00. Results: In this study, a total of 120 parents including 59 male (49.2%) and 61 female (50.8%) between 26 and 70 ages were included. The participants were categorized into 2 groups which are having disabled kid 60 (50%) and having nondisabled kid (control) 60 (50%). Score of spiritual developmental factor which is a sub-factor of HLBS was found to be higher in disabled kids" parents. A negative correlation was found between the participants having disabled kids and smoking. Among the participants, health professionals had the least number of disabled kid and housewives had the highest number of disabled kids. Conclusion: Having a disabled kid causes additional responsibilities and stress burdens on the parents. Patients in this group must be checked psychologically and physically by health workers at the curtail step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents applied to a university of child and adolescent psychiatry unit and referred to the Disability Health Committee. This study results were also aimed to contribute to the previous studies about child and adolescent psychiatry disabilities. Methods: 352 children and adolescents applied to Düzce University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and referred to University Disability Health Committee between December 2016-2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 58% (n=204) of patient group were female and 42% (n=148) were male. The mean age was 7.63±4.45. 38.1 % (134) of the cases were in the range of 0-6 years of age, 46 % (162) of the cases were in the range of 7-12 years of age and 15.6 % (55) of the cases were in the range of 13-28 years of age. The most common reasons for admission were special educational needs due to developmental delays and academic problems. (%74,7 n=263) and health status report for homecare-payment and salary (%25,3 n=89). The most common clinical diagnoses were mental retardation and developmental delay (%36,1 n=127), learning disorder (%20,2 n=71) and pervasive developmental disorders (%11,1 n=39) respectively. Conclusion: In pediatric population early diagnoses of developmental delays, autism spectrum disorders and learning disorders and developing medical and educational strategies would help to reduce disability ratios and also enhance academic and social functionality of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The initial infection of tuberculosis is usually confidential and limited by body defense mechanisms. If there is weakening of the body resistance, this infection may become active. Latent infection can not be recognized as radiological and bacteriologically. Early detection of infection is necessary before immunosuppressive therapies are used in many diseases today. It is also important to demonstrated to transmission of tuberculosis from family members and presence of infections in small children. Methods: A total of 76 people were included in the study between 20.02.2016-15.03.2017 with patients with tuberculosis suspicion at Duzce University Faculty of Medicine Hospital's intensive care unit and outpatient clinics, health personnel and tuberculosis dispensary personnel. Gamma interferon release assay "Quantiferon-Tb Gold ELISA test (QIAGEN, Germany)" was used to demonstrate latent infection. Results: A total of 19 (25%) subjects had a positive test. Of the 19 patients who were positive, 8 (42%) had a pulmonary tuberculosis pre-diagnosis, 4 (21%) of them had an extrapulmonary tuberculosis pre-diagnosis and 7 (37%) had contact with tuberculosis patients. Two of the patients (10.5%) were positive for lung tuberculosis, one (5.2%) were tuberculous lymphadenitis and one (5.2%) were tuberculous meningitis. All health personnel who were taken to the TB dispensary were found to be positive. Finally, only one of the 19 patients have been working at microbiology laboratory of our hospital who determinate positive test results, and he had a family story of tuberculosis. Conclusion: The Quantiferon Tb gold ELISA test was thought to be a method that could be applied to all healthcare workers, especially healthcare workers who are constantly in contact with patients with tuberculosis. It is also considered appropriate to use of the patient with suspected active tuberculosis infection until culture end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is common in the paediatric age group. Although some studies have been conducted on this purpose, the etiology has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to contribute on literature about the disease through investigating some blood parameters at pediatric ADHD patients. Methods: The study included 91 children and 115 healthy children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, vitamin B12 level, folic acid level, free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were studied in whole group. Results: The mean age of the patient group was 9.0 ± 2.5 years, the mean age of the control group was 9.7 ± 3.1 years, and there was no difference between them. Male sex ratio was higher in both groups. Significant changes were detected in MCV, RDW, neutrophil count, MPV, plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW) results between control and experimental groups. Serum iron level was significantly lower in the control group comparing to the patient group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding ferritin values. When the results of vitamin B12, folic acid and thyroid function tests were evaluated, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Conclusion: Further studies which involve larger population are essential to confirm the results that our findings to be find meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of malignant melanoma (MM) and to determine their attitudes about sun protection in patients referred to family medicine policlinics. Methods: Our research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 241 voluntary patients aged 18 years and over referred to the Ankara Numune TRH Family medicine Outpatient Clinic Polyclinic between 1 September and 1 October 2016 were included in the study. In our survey, patients' sociodemographic characteristics, presence of malignant melanoma risk factors, attitudes towards sun protection were evaluated. Results: 58.9% of the patients were female, 41.1% were male and the average age was 32.1 ± 0,7. Patients stated that they learned information about sun protection from the internet, TV programs, newspapers magazines according to frequency. Participants' use of sunscreen in daily life was 54.4%, while regular users everyday were 16.2%. Sunscreen use was significantly higher in university graduated patients, women and participants informed by a dermatologist (respectively p=0,043; p<0.001 and p<0,001). According to presence of malignant melanoma risk factors, 17,8% of participants had 0, of 33,6% had 1; of 31,1% had 2; of 12,9% had 3; of 4,6% had 4. While no significant difference was found between the risk factors and its daily sunscreen use (p=0.339); a significant difference was found between the risk factors and sunscreen use in holiday (p=0.025). Conclusion: Regular use of sunscreen was found to be very low. Family physicians should be actively involved in raising awareness of sun-protection in patients, which is the only preventable risk factor of MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Violence against women is a global public health problem .The health workers place the most import part of helping the victim of violence especially female health workers also have risk to be a victim of violence against women and violence against health workers. In our study, we try to examine the knowledge attitudes and behaviors of female health workers, about violence against women . Method: We applied to random 106 female health workers in Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital's Worker Health Policlinic. We were performed 23 questioned questionaire by doctor by face to face method. The data were recorded to statistics program and analyzed; p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results : 49(46,2%) doctor; 57(53,8%) nurse were included study. 74(%69,8) were faced a violence against them . Being doctor or nurse make any difference to be a victim(p=0,349).Violence is statistically associated with age and working years (p=0,24; p=0,002). The participants who can not face these situation and referee to the other Professional was 54(50,9%). And when suspicion and victims deny; 55(51,9%) says that they only give some numbers to call and want help. There is no association between being a victim of violence and knowing what to do to help victim (r=0,104, p=0,291). Conclusion: Although health workers themselves are exposed to high-level violence, we have found that there is still a lack of information on how to approach them and the case they are facing. For this reason, in-service training and lessons in the university should be organized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study we aimed to develop a scale to evaluate the effective factors in the choice of faculty by students who are about to start university within the scope of the "Wholistic Approach" one of the core competences recommended by WONCA. Methods: In the study 434 students completed a questionnaire. In the pilot study, we evaluated the form we had developed containing 25 attitude statements with a positive and negative direction under certain conditions. Before use, the questionnaire was evaluated for validity of content and scope. In order to investigate the structural validity of the questionnaire, it was then given to students who had gained places in various faculties of Uludag University in Bursa who were asked to mark the items according to their own preferences. The reliability and factor analysis of the scores was calculated using the SPSS statistical programme and the validity was evaluated. Results: After removing the items which reduced the reliability of the questionnaire, the general Cronbach-Alpha value of the remaining 18 items was 0.779 (corrected to 0.811). Upon factor analysis of these items, we obtained a scale containing 5 factors and 18 statements. We named this scale "The Göktaş Faculty Orientation Scale." We determined that the factors of the scale were "Expectations of the Faculty", "Aims and Ideals", "Previous Schooling", "Family Status" and "Faculty Choices". Conclusion: As a result, we have developed a scale with high reliability which can be used in a wide range of future research on student orientation and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In our study, we aimed to determine the age of onset to the osteoporosis screening program and frequency of osteoporosis in the who admitted Düzce University Training and Research Hospital Material and Methods: Between the dates 01.01.2015 and 31.12.2015, 400 women between the ages of 40 and 70, who applied to Düzce University Training and Research Hospital, Departments of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Orthopedics, and had got their femoral neck and L1-L4 anterior vertebra BMD (Bone Mineral Density) measured with DXA method, were included in our research. With the FRAX trial questionnaire have conducted to determine major osteoporotic fracture risk, patient data were recorded via asking questions to patients. Statistics: In the statistical analysis, Independent Samples T-test was evaluated for group comparison of continuous variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used for the analysis of relations between categorical variables, and Pearson's correlation analysis was used to review the relations between continuous variables. Results: In our study, we determined the mean age of osteoporosis group as 60.6 while the frequency was demonstrated as 11.8%. Conclusion: For our region, we determined the age of onset for osteoporosis screening as 60 for women without a major osteoporotic fracture risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mop-Up Polio Vaccination Campaign is a movement which goals to reach the target of eliminating polio. Our aim in this study is to determine the characteristics of the families who have rejected oral polio vaccination (OPV) of their children within the OPV Campaign in a family health center and to examine the reasons of rejecting the vaccination. Methods: The data was obtained through a survey in face-to-face interviews which were performed with the families who have rejected the vaccination of their children within the Mop-Up Oral polio vaccination campaign. The survey form consisted of 14 questions about the socio-demographic features of the families and children, and the reasons of refusing oral polio. Results: 1250 children were included in the vaccination program during the campaign. 38 families of the children (3.04%) declined vaccination during the campaign, the average age of the children were 23.2±17.7 months. The youngest one was three days old and the eldest one was 59 months old. Looking over the family members who took the survey, it is seen that 71 % of those were the mothers (n=27), 8% of those were the fathers (n=3) and 21% of those were the relatives (n=8). It was discovered that 94.7 % of the families of the children who rejected OPA vaccination got other vaccinations according to the Ministry of Health National Vaccination Calendar (n=36), whereas 5.3% of those children lacked of other vaccinations (n=2). Though 81.6% of the children were given OPA beforehand (n=31), 18.4% were not given at all (n=7). Conclusion: Levels of educational and awareness are important in reaching the targeted vaccination rates in the conduction of vaccination works. We believe that on the vaccination campaigns to be conducted, informing the families about vaccination and increasing their awareness will decrease the vaccination rejections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aims: Home care services is an approach aiming at providing preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care effectively in a continuum. Pressure ulcers are common among patients receiving home care services. Materials and Method: In this study, the medical files of 311 patients registered and managed by the home care services unit of Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital between 01/12/2010 and 30/09/2012 were reviewed. Seventy one patients with pressure ulcers were included in the study Findings: A total of 71 patients, of which 26 being male (36.60%) and 45 being female (63.40%), were included in the study. The median age of the patients with pressure ulcers was 80 (IQR:13). Pressure ulcer locations were sacral in 42 (59.20%), trochanteric in 10 (14.10%), heels in 3 (9.90%), thoracic vertabral and scapular in 3 (4.20%) and arms and other areas in 2 (2.80%) patients. Mean serum albümin was 3.20 ± 0.51 g/dL. Hypoalbuminemia was observed in 4 patients feeded via PEG, in 7 patients receiving oral enteral support and in 1 patient feeded via nasogastric tube. Conclusison: Assessment of the risk factors should be a part of the first visit of every single patient registered for home care services. Nutritional support should be emphasized among high risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Nurses have an indispensable role in knowing the cancer screening programs, education of society related to identifying risks groups and importance of early detection methods, determining the signs and symptoms of cancer. In this study, it is aimed to determine the knowledge of nurses working in a tertiary health care institution about cancer screening programs and Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Training Centers (KETEM), and status of screening tests. Material and Methods: The research conducted between February and March 2016, is a descriptive study and carried out with 325 nurses working at Adnan Menderes University Application and Research Hospital. The 18-item questionnaire form was applied to participants by face to face interview method. Descriptive statistics are given as the frequency and percentage for categorical data, and the median (minimum-maximum) values for numerical data by examining the normal distribution. Results: The median age of participants is 25, and 85.5% of them are females. 30.1% of the participants stated that they had a family history of cancer, and only 9.1% of them were recommended for screening. One out of every five participants did not hear KETEM. 32% of the participants stated that they learned about cancer screening from television-radio after the graduation. Only 46.4% of participants answered the goal of cancer screenings exactly as 'catching cancer in early stage'. 20.7% of the participants over age 30 have had pap-smear and 45.4% of the participants over age 40 have had mammography. Conclusion: This study has shown that participants' knowledge of KETEM and cancer screening programs aren't sufficient. The increase in nurses' own awareness will also increase the awareness of the community. Nurses should be provided with in-service training to update knowledge throughout their professional life. Thus, accurate and complete information will be provided for both themselves and the consulting services they will provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dementia is poised to become a major public health problem and it is addictive, disabled leaving chronic disease. It requires interdisciplinary approach. In this study it is aimed to evaluate the opinions of family physicians working at Family Health Centers, about the management of the patients diagnosed with dementia and having cognitive problems. Material and Method: Twenty two family physicians working in Antalya participated to the study. A 26 question survey consisting of three parts was administered. Opinions were evaluated with style five-point Likert response scale. The data are analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The options of family physicians participating in the study are as follows. (M: Medyan) "I feel myself adequate to diagnose cognitive problems" (M=3) "I regulate the treatment of dementia" (M=4), "I manage the dementia behavior problems" (M=3) "I cooperated with branch expertise on the management of dementia" (M=2),"I direct bedridden dementia patients to take home health care"(M=2), "I care with relatives of dementia patients" (M=2), "family physicians have important contributions in the early diagnosis " (M=2), and "family physicians have constributions in management " (M=2). They directed the patients with preliminary diagnosis of cognitive problems to neurologist 8 patients (36.4%), to psychiatrists 1 (4.5%) and other experts 13 (59.1%). Health problems among caregivers of patients with dementia, depression 11 (50%), anxiety disorders 7 (31.8%) and chronic fatigue 1 (4.5%) have reported. Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that the participants do not feel themselves adequate in the regulation of the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) in cataract cases on biometric parameters such as, central corneal thickness (CCT), mean keratometer (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT). Material and Methods: The patients who have cataracts and PXS were evaluated in this study. Patients in this study were divided into two groups as PXS and control group. All patients have been examined with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination with biomicroscope, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with non-contact tonometer, and fundus examination. In addition, pachymetry, CCT and LT measurements of these patients were taken with optical biometry and A-scan ultrasonography devices and the data of two groups were compared. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, best corrected visual acuity, cataract stage, and intraocular pressure. In the PXS group, CCT was found as 530±35.22 µm, K as 44.22±1.55 diopter, ACD as 3.21±0.34 mm, LT as 4.63±0.25 mm and AA as 23.42±0.74 mm. In the control group, CCT was found as 536±30.45 µm, K as 44.01±1.49 diopter, ACD as 3.14±0.32 mm, LT as 4.51±0.30 mm and AA as 23.36±0.61 mm. No statistically significant differences were found between two groups in terms of these parameters. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship were seen between the parameters of CCT, K, ACD, LT and PXS in this study. However, different findings were reported about especially CCT and ACD parameters in literature. These different results may be related with differences of races, differences of age distribution, differences in methods and differences in sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate the results of pathology that patients undergoing laparoscopic and open appendectomy with suspected appendicitis from August 2012 to August 2014. Material and Method: In this study data from 131 patients undergoing laparoscopic and open appendectomy between August 2012 and August 2014 in Van Training and Research Hospital were examined retrospectively for demographic characteristics. Results: In the laparoscopic appendectomy group handmade endoloop technique was used for closing the base of the appendix. Mc Burney's incision was used for open appendectomy. 47% of patients was female (n=61), 53% of patients were male (n=69). The average age of the patients was 27.7 years. According to surgical technique, open appendectomy was performed 15% (n=20), laparoscopic appendectomy was performed 85% (n=110). Postoperative drainage tube was put to 15% of patients (n=20). Wound infection was seen in 4 open appendectomy performed patients (20%). Laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with a shorter hospital stay (2.2 days vs 2.8 days). When the pathology results are analyzed, 2 malignancies are revealed (1,5%), 1 carcinoid tumor, 1 neuroendocrine tumor. After pathology results hemicolectomy was performed. Conclusion: Appendectomy is the most frequently performed surgery, even if macroscopic pathology is not present the risk of malignancy can not be underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]