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A4 paper is the most widely used paper type that is produced by using wood-free writing & printing paper with the least amount of wood in its structure. A4 size paper is produced by cutting large and long rolls in width and length directions. The construction of this machine is not made in Turkey. In this study, a prototype designed for a paper cutting machine is presented. For this prototype, step motors are used that can be set at different speeds and polyamide rollers are used to transfer the paper from one line to another without tearing. Some problems that is encountered for the designed paper cutting machine are discussed and some analyses are made to solve these problems. It has been found that the misalignment of the shaft axes during the transfer of the paper and the not suitable construction of the shafts causes the non-uniform cutting of the paper. It is also observed that the speed of the motor must the paper adjusted at an appropriate rate, to avoid the stretch and break of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While hundreds of scientific and artistic studies have been undertaken about Yunus Emre, one of the most important figures of Turkish culture and literature, only a few bibliographic studies have been chosen to compile these studies. Moreover, some of the studies are quite narrow in scope. There has been a rapid increase in the literature about Yunus Emre since the first comprehensive bibliographic study covering the period up to 1991. However, it remains a major shortcoming in the field that a comprehensive bibliography study has not been conducted. In this paper, which was written on the occasion of Yunus Emre Year, the author aimed to make a bibliographical master-text of the literature about Yunus Emre from 1991 to 2021. The bibliographic tags of the books, theses, articles, symposiums, and papers published between these years are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ottoman State was in a condition of insufficient preparation as it entered the First World War, which would determine its fate. This war had brought domestic production to a halt and created great obstacles to imported products. In this war, which started in 1914 and lasted for four years, the state suffered great losses in terms of economic, military, political and humanity, while the people behind the war suffered great scarcity. Especially in basic consumer products such as flour, milk, cheese and butter, prices increased excessively. This scarcity and price increase were not limited to food and other essential necessities. As a matter of fact, the scarcity of paper, which is a significant material in education, was felt seriously in this period. The fact that the available paper stocks were finished in a short time and the lack of paper caused the education, press and broadcasting activities to be disrupted. Even, the lack of paper reached the level that would prevent the usual activities in government offices. In this study, the paper scarcity that emerged in many parts of the state, especially in Istanbul during the war period between 1914-1918, attempts to supply the paper, the influences of the lack of paper and the activities of the Manager of the Government Printing Office, Mr. Ismail Hamit will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undoubtedly the most basic element is information in the development of civilization. In this context it is obvious the importance of the book as a information source. The book showed different levels of development early ages up to this day. The emergence and development of the book shaped various cultural, political, economic, and geographic factors. Today, the book been in existence in both print and electronic formats and continues to be the main information source. To know the history of the book will shed light on future assessments. In this context, the aim of this study to present an overview the formation and development of the printed book in the historical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical Turkish poetry, was examined in terms of used redif emerging real poet is very important for redif outside of each community each redif social, cultural, psychological and demonstrate their approach. This approach, starting from a study of about a hundred court as a result of scanning of the paper is loaded in the past century, meaning the middle was intended to lay. First, the meaning of the paper, expressions and dictum's place have been detected, then the Turkish-Islamic culture and civilization in the paper couplets were examined in the light of. After the court passed in the "kağıd, kâgaz, kâgız" redif poems, taking into account identified with the emphasis on the content of the three gazelle and the common provisions of the poets have about the paper was trying to identify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]