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Wireless Sensor Networks consist of a number of low cost, small sensor nodes powered by energy constrained batteries. Due to limited power, memory, and processing capacities of sensor nodes, it is essential to find new methods which improves energy consumption of the nodes and prolongs the lifetime of the network. Cluster head election among sensor nodes has an important role in wireless sensor networks to boost efficiency and lifetime of the network. In this study, a cluster head election method has been proposed and evaluated for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, which extends the lifetime of the network. Simulation results reveal that the proposed cluster head election method offers a better performance than the SEP and LEACH protocols in terms of network lifetime and is able to provide throughput for a longer period of time. It is found that EECHEP provides efficient use of sensor energy and helps increase the number of surviving cluster head nodes that report to the base station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on Microsoft Corp.'s identity metasystem and its importance for software developers. Metasystem is a framework that enables varying identity technologies to communicate and interoperate using common standards. Metasystem plays a similar role as Internet Protocol plays for various network technologies. Infocard, the end-user software piece of Microsoft's framework, will provide Windows users a visual portfolio of digital identities. Protocols for messaging and security token services will let various identity technologies to communicate with each other, exchanging information, and negotiating requests. For developers, the first result is that this metasystem lets them link existing identity-related systems with new systems as they emerge. Microsoft proposed that developers might like the metasystem as it eliminates certain learning curves. Microsoft is of the view that metasystem will also promote innovation in identity technology and help developers quickly adapt to new attack methods.