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This paper aims to review the book titled "Allah, İnsan ve Tarih: Kur'an da Tarihin Kavramsal ve Meta-Paradigmatik Temelleri [God, Human, and History: Conceptual and Meta-paradigmatic Foundations of History in the Qur'an]". The Qur'an constructs the future by providing examples from past experiences and reveals its own worldview. In this process, certain concepts undertake the task of being the building blocks of constructing the future. The concept of history is one of them. This work at hand deals with the concept of history in the Qur'an in detail. Additionally, it explores other concepts in the Qur'an related to history in accordance with its integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chronogram in the form of poetry is the art of writing a verse, a couplet, a stanza, or a ghazal using the gematria to show the date of an important or notable event. The art in question has been used in almost all areas of life such as birth, death, appointment, dismissal from a duty, circumcision, marriage, construction of some important structures, their repairment, war, and peace. In literary works created with the Arabic alphabet, sometimes emphasis was placed on their numerical value, rather than on the sound expressed by letters or the meaning of words. One of the most important features of such poems is that it records the history of an important event in the period when they were written or confirms the history of an event recorded by historians. In this art, a word or verse that requires dexterity and mastery is expressed in a way that gives the date of an event by calculating the numerical values of the letters according to the gematria. It requires intense mental effort, as elements such as meaning, measure, and rhyme should also be paid attention to besides the gematria in the chronogrammatic poems, which are mentioned among the bedi‘ arts in the science of rhetoric. In classical Arabic literature, art products related to chronogrammatic, which can be called letter engineering and word architecture, have quite interesting examples. These artifacts, which we can often come across in private or public libraries, mosques, madrasahs, on minaret signboards, tombstones, and at the entrances of caravanserais, inns, baths, mansions, and palaces, carry the identity of a historical document along with the feature of a semantic table created by a skillful poet. Depending on the reason for writing, the poems in question were first expressed orally by ghazal citers or mourners, then engraved on paper by calligraphers, and finally engraved on marble or stones by the etchers and were handed down to the centuries to come. Scholars, writers, and poets from Siirt who produce works of compilation, translation, commentary, and annotation in every field of Islamic sciences did not remain indifferent to the heritage in question and wrote poetic works on various occasions in this field, which we can also call "numerical poetry". They gifted literary works that are valuable as historical documents to future generations by transferring many subjects such as important events affecting the society and period in which they lived, zoning and construction activities, death of prominent figures of the era. In our study, first of all, we will focus on the definition of the art of chronogrammatic, its features, its literary face, as well as its importance in terms of history, then a general framework will be drawn about the "gematria calculations", which expresses the numerical values given to the letters in the Arabic alphabet, and its features and the main points to be considered in the poems written based on the gematria. In the second part, after giving information about the main topics and usage areas of the chronogrammatic poems, the subject will be discussed in detail by giving examples from the works of scholars, writers, and poets from Siirt who were born in the age of Ottoman Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bibliophile culture is the Ottoman Empire is usually associated with the names such as Ali Emîrî Efendi as an iconic figure in The Second Constitution Period. Yet, the attributions such a Mecânîn-i Kütüp [Those who are madly in love with the books] or, "Muhibbân-ı Kütüp" [Book Lovers], can be used to describe a great many cultural activists that are generally unknown in academic circles. In modern literature, the figures who can be explained by the term's bibliophile and biblioman has been recognized and appreciated moderately for the role they have played in the prospering of book and library culture. The ones whose intimate relationship with the books have led to their financial ruins and eternal appreciation from history. Only a handful of such figures have got the opportunity to be revived from the annals of history due to recent scholarships. Many of these respectable figures have enriched their libraries and private book collections with extraordinary zest and determination, acquiring vast linguistic knowledge and undertaking extensive voyages in the old world. Thus, they earned the right to be called bibliophile. Most of these scholars, their heroic endeavors, and precious collections have joined the annals of history, except for a handful of few. This current paper is an attempt to revive and recognize one of the greatest bibliophiles of the period, S. M. Tawfiq whose contribution to Ottoman publication in Sebîlürreşâd journal as a travel writer had earned him fame in publication circles, yet, his other contribution to book culture, namely his book collection, has received insufficient attention so far. This current paper is an attempt to pay the due tribute to the man whose expertise on books, along with his insatiable love of knowledge, his journalism, and his outstanding book collection had contributed immensely to the prospering of book culture in The Second Constitution Period. This paper hopes to provide S. M. Tawfiq with the recognition that he certainly deserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bibliography research is significant for scientific progress since they are mirroring the previous accumulation of the studies in one piece. Although rhetoric (balaqat) and literary criticism (naqd) are important elements of Arab literature, no bibliography research has been conducted about balaqat and naqd in the Turkish language. This study aims to investigate rhetorical and literary criticism studies in the Arab world by looking at a large number of scientific works. There are uncountable studies including balaqat and naqd; therefore, this study analyzes only some part of the existing literature involving the formation of these two terms. Following steps illustrate the methodological process: first, electronic libraries were searched; second, the bibliography studies on rhetoric and literacy criticism terms were examined comparatively based on their formation; and third, a total of 213 studies related to balaqat and naqd terms including 10 books, 10 Ph.D. theses, 33 master's thesis, 17 symposium papers and 143 articles were included. The selected studies were examined in five categories as doctoral theses, master's theses, symposium papers and articles that can be also separated into two categories regarding the subject of the manuscripts as periodical/historical studies and the studies including the rhetoricians' perspectives on this topic. This study also provides background information about the theses and articles such as author, supervisor, country, and journal names. The results show that the majority of the studies are conducted in North Africa countries (Maghreb) and Jordan. It is also be found that the studies on the formation of rhetoric and literary criticism date back to the early 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand of the literary work to gain autonomous and fictional existence within the New Criticism in the first half of the twentieth century, radically breaks with the historicity in its interpretation. In the second half of the twentieth century, the Reception Aesthetics with the concept of 'historicity of reader' and New Historicism with the concept of 'historicity of text' and 'textuality of history' stand at a meaningful point among efforts to return to historical consciousness that disappeared after the New Criticism. However, in both approaches, it is seen that the historicity of understanding literary texts predominantly shape through the only historicity of reader or only historicity of text. In this paper, it will be argued that this situation impoverishes the two-way historicity of understanding literary texts at two opposite ends. This paper also will mainly focus on the fundamental problems in the context of the tension relationship of literature with history in historicist literary theory, New Criticism, Reception Aesthetics and New Historicism. It will also be stated that reading the literary text is basically historical with its different dimensions such as the reader finds himself/herself thrown into history, the temporal of experience, the incompleteness of human existence and literary text. The ability to establish a meaningful relationship with history and historical without damaging the fictional existence and autonomy of literary text can be realized through the historicity of reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having appeared in ancient eras, personal names are significant cultural codes which reflect the traditions and national-cultural values of the communities. These names, giving some clues about the life style of a nation, provide us with an idea about religious and political views of that community. Each nation has its own typical naming tradition. This tradition has developed in a different direction in Russia in comparison with Turkic customs. Except individual exceptions, all official Russian personal names are based on church Slavic canon, so they have Byzantium-Ancient Greek origins. Till the end of the 19th century, given names to the new-born babies were determined within the frame of Orthodox church canon. In 1905 the church started to lose its privilege. Limitation for name-giving was removed with the October Revolution (1917). Right after socialist regime was actualized in the country, the names to be given to the Soviet citizens were requested to be exactly new and convenient to the official ideology, so the government took important steps in this direction. Following the revolution, the duration between 1920s and 1930s was a new period in which a great number of newly-derived and lexically-borrowed personal names entered Russian vocabulary. In this paper, it is aimed to study historical, thematic, semantical and morphological aspects of these new personal names specific to the Soviets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, there are several elements that determine how dissemii- nation of Islamic doctrines, which have a continuous development and change process, to the Islamic geography. Islamic sects have sometimes occurred in certain countries by their geographic proximity, sometimes arose by certain individuals or groups, and sometimes existed by the determinants of political elements. As a result, these sects have become the characteristic of their regions. In this regard, this article examines the occurrence, development, concentration and the transfer of jurisprudence in a certain region. In this respect, this analysis emphasizes the possibility that sects can be included in a specific basin. The use of the “Fiqh basin" in this paper is an attempt to form a concept in the history of Islamic Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of knowledge are one of the common subject of philosophy, theology and logic. The theory of knowledge also has been become a subject which is frequently discussed in Usul al-Fiqh. To play a part in Usul al-Fiqh works of the subject is a result of interaction between different disciplines. This paper aims to reveal that the debates which take place about the parts of knowledge in Usul al- Fiqh works is rather philosophical and creedal. Likewise, the study, within the scope of the parts of knowledge, determines and examines theological issues which came into existence as a result of the fact that theologians have written in the field of Usul al-Fiqh, and which has been added to Usul al-Fiqh with theological concerns in general. The debates in the study are discussed in the context of the works of Maliki, Hanbali, and Safi'i Usul al-Fiqh scholars who examine the theory of knowledge in their works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetic Dermatology is involved in healing and embellishing organs like skin, nail and hair as well as the application of the skin care products, preparations, treatment types and medical equipment with dermatologic medical knowledge. In a way, Cosmetology can be considered as the “Preventive Medicine” of dermatology as it is involved in care, healing and protection of skin. The widespread use of cosmetics was seen in 18th century France and England where artificial beauty was popular among men and women of the era. In the late 19th century, a new chapter opened for cosmetics with advancements in technology, publishing and emergence of advertisement. The cosmetics and Cosmetic Dermatology advancements was significantly increased in the beginning of 20th century This paper mentions about advancements in Cosmetic Dermatology with a short history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military medical school is an educational institution, which has played a significant role in the recent history of Turkey. Students of this school significantly dealed with the problems of the country in the constitutionalism movement. Also they showed awareness in the days of the catastrophic the first world war and in the Greco-Turkish war. After the end of the war, military medical students have been situated in among the enthusiastic crowd at the entry of Refet Pasha to Istanbul too. This paper evaluates the ebulliently welcoming of the at entry of Refet Pasha to Istanbul by military medical students and public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate house-building process during the time of Abdulhamid II and housing habits in Uşak District. Within such framework, taxes and fees, bureaucratic process, and official permissions were analyzed to have a closer look at housing traditions in Uşak District. The paper also deals with technical aspects such as terms used to describe housing, construction materials and size of houses. Primary sources of the study mainly relies on archival materials and Şeriyye Sicils of Uşak. Findings of the study suggest that the house building process had a substantial traditional nature far from 19th century Ottoman modernization context, requires a great deal of taxes and fees obligations and tiresome bureaucratic dealings in Uşak District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important authors of famous hadith collection known as el-Kutub al-sittah in the science of Hadith is Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhari (256/869). Bukhari is known not only as a narrator but as a historian as well. His works such as al-Tarikh al-saghir, al-Tarih al awsat, al- Tarikh al-kabir, and Kitab al-duafa were the works which have been used in common by the science of Hadith and History. In this paper, the point whether Bukhari's using Sirah and Maghazi narrations in his Sahih is the manifestation of his historian side or it is a requirement coming from general features of hadith books will be examined. Moreover, Bukhari's sensitiveness about the health of Sirah and Maghazi narrations will be tried to bring up with their examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, historical development processes of Tahtakale, Karaoğlan Bazaar and Ulus in Angora (Ankara) were briefly analyzed. Especially Ulus The historical development of especially the historic trade center of Ulus was examined in terms of social and economic structure and spatial relationships. Atpazari, which is at the entrance of Citadel (Kalekapısı) and Samanpazarı and Koyunpazar Bazaars, which are in streets linked to the Citadel are the commercial spaces that developed the first in Ahi Era and Ottoman Era. Where Cikrikcilar Slope, which is like a sequel of these spaces, is connected to Taht'el Kal'a', Hasanpaşa Inn (Sulu Inn) and Tahtakale Inn were built in the early 16th century. Tahtakale Bazaar, which grew with the Ibadullah Mosque, Haseki Mosque and Haseki Bath, continued to develop in 17th, 18th and 19th centuries in line with economic development. Karaoğlan Square (Tashan), which developed after the connection of Anatolian Railway to Angora and that of Istasyon (Station) Street to Taşhan Square in 1892, has become a trade area chosen by the city's relatively modern inn and shops. Located in the center of the city's most dense neighborhood,Tahtakale Bazaar was a place where mainly daily consumption, food and some other mandatory requirements were met. In the early 20th century, despite the economic downturn in the town, Tahtakale Bazaar in which Sulu Han is located and Karaoğlan Bazaar devepoled and became the center of Ulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kelenderis is one of the oldest settlements on the coast of Central Rough Cilicia, where various types of transport amphorae have been unearthed. Concerning its long history of commerce between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean World the aim of this paper is primarily to introduce and discuss a group of transport vases from the Roman Period. Five different types were recognized, found in various parts of the ancient settlement area, especially in the Lower City Trench, in the excavation of the Harbor Bath and in a tomb in the West Necropolis. The earliest example of these vases is a Rhodian Amphora of later Hellenistic and Early Roman type which may be dated roughly to the 1st century A.D. The rest of the transport vases are from the Middle and Later Roman Period. The so called "Pinched Handle" Amphora or Zemer 41 is a widespread container which may have been started to be produced in the second century A.D. and was in use up to the end of the fourth century A.D. A great amount of the forms found in Kelenderis is the type of LR 1 which is common in the Eastern Mediterranean between the 5th to the 7th century A.D. The third type is the 'Carrot-shaped' amphorae, which is believed to be a typical production of Sinope in the 6th and 7th centuries A.D. And lastly the type of the Keay Type 52 which is the weakest group of transport amphorae found in Kelenderis till now. Related to these types mentioned, it may be proposed that commercial activities in Kelenderis started in the beginning of the Early Roman Imperial Period and went on increasingly up to the 7th century A.D. Kelenderis seems to be one of the important harbor towns in the Eastern Mediterranean. This situation may be also connected with the Romanization of the town, which was revealed by the Bauprogramm in the town, as the excavations in recent years have shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preservation of the Qur'an is one of the debatable points among the western scholars. The interest in history of the text of the Qur'an in the west traces back to the 19th century and early 20th century. Western scholarship in modern time began to discuss the preservation of the Qur'an with Theodore Nöldeke's work Geschichte des Qurans (1860). Later a Jewish Hungarian scholar Ignaz Goldziher's Die Richtuungen der Islamischen Koranauslegung (1920) came to the scene after Nöldeke and became popular. Western scholars such as Arthur Jeffery expect the same from the Muslim side and claimed that there is no work in this field apart from Abu Abdillah Zincani's Tarikh al-Qur'an. Musa Jarullah Bigiyef's work Tarikh al- Qur'an wa'l-Masahif (1905); Ahmet Cevdet Paşa's (1822-1895) Khulasatü'l-Bayan fi Ta'lif al-Qur'an (Istanbul 1303/1886), İsmail Fennî Ertuğrul, Kitab-ı İzale-i Şükûk, (İstanbul 1928) are among the early modern time responses to the western scholarship. Certainly earlier works in Ottoman and Arab world a re not as well known as recent works in Muslim world. Among the later works are: Muhammed Muhammed Abû Layla, al-Qur'an al-Karim min al-Manzuri'l-Istishraqi: Dirasa Naqdiyya Tahliliyya (Qairo 2002); Sasi Salim Haj Naqdü'l-khitabi'l-istishraqi: al-Zahira al- Istishraqiyya ve Atharuha fi al-Dirasat al-Islâmiyya (Bayrut 2002); İbrahim Awad al-Mustashriqun wa'l-Qur'an: Dirasa li-Tarjamati Nafar min al-Mustashriqin al-Fransiyyin lil-Qur'an ve Arauhum fih (Kahire 2003). Muhammed Mustafa al-A'zami The History of the Qur'anic Text: from Revelation to Compilation: a Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments (Leicester 2003). This paper is an analysis of the above mentioned works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campaigns which started under the leadership of Genghis Khan (1155-1227) and were sustained by his successors after his death affected the whole Asia. There are important differences between the other authors that interpret the worldwide effect of Genghis event and Subki's point of view. Subki, as a Muslim historian who belonged to oppressed side, approaches to Genghis' event from different point of views. In this paper, the perception of Genghis by Muslim peoples will primarily be tried to be specified in the form written in Subki's work. The information he gives in his work is going to be analysed and compared with other sources so that researchers and the readers could know both Genghis and his society and comprehend their importance and their place in history of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period between the publication of "Usul-i Mimari-i Osmani" (1873) which is the first architectural history of the Ottoman era and the formulation of the Turkish History Thesis in 1930's which indicates a radical break in historiography, constitute the early phase of the architectural history in Turkey. Considering the lack of an established tradition of architectural theory or art history, the pioneering role, in this early phase, was accomplished not by architects or art historians, but by a general cultural elite motivated mainly by the nationalist concerns. During this period, Islamism, Ottomanism and Turkism appear to be the three main nationalist/protonationalist ideologies. Among these, Islamism hardly had any interest in architecture, nor architectural history. During the Tanzimat era in which Ottomanism appeared and had a considerable effect among the intellectuals, architectural history and Ottomanism came together only in the agendas of those who were already interested in the arts, archeology or conservation matters. However Turkism who introduced a new concept of identity had to construct its cultural basement. Therefore architectural history took an important position in their agenda and became a practical tool to illustrate the nation's glorious past. This study aims to discuss the impact of Turkism oriented nationalism on the architectural history through the examination of the activities of some nationalist, antiquarian and scientific societies and the works of some authors of the era. Conferences, free courses, excursions constitute the main activity areas of the nationalist societies. Preparation of the photography and drawing collections of the main buildings of the past were also part of their program. Important figures of the architectural historiography of the era such as Celal Esad, Kemaleddin, Mehmed Ziya, Halil Edhem or Hamdulah Subhi were among the members of these societies and took part in their activities by giving lectures, preparing reports, or publishing in their journals. Even though they were not nationalist in their explicit aims Tarih-i Osmani Encümeni and Bilgi Derneği were also among the societies whose interest area covers architectural history. However their activities were restricted with the publication of journals and the organization of some discussions forums on the subject. Antiquarian societies, -among them Istanbul Muhibleri Cemiyeti is the earliest and the most known one-, were also organizing conferences, but were mainly concerned with the conservation problems. However, Istanbul Muhibleri Cemiyeti's publications on the Bereketzade Fountain and the Yali of Köprülü were important works of the era whose texts and drawings were prepared by architects and western art historians. The texts produced in this era are mainly articles published in the journals or periodicals of popular character. Books usually written in foreign languages and pamphlets are also among the publication genres even though they are not abundant in number. Inventories and texts which treat architecture as a rhetorical tool, constitute the two main group of works of the era. Among the authors, Celal Esad can be defined as the most illustrious and the most "professional" one. A part from his numerous publications, he also taught architectural history at the Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi. Ahmed Refik was a historian with a colorful style in which he uses architecture as the décor of the past events. Hamdullah Subhi was an amateur of art/architectural history and the "national orator" who worked as an activist for raising awareness on the subject. He also taught art history at Darülfünun. Mübarek Galib was the director of cultural affairs in the early republic and his publications are examples of inventorial works. The nature of nationalism is characterized by a dual action: Deconstructing every kind of attachment produced in the pre-modern societies and the building up of new loyalty mechanism. This dual attitude can also be observed in the texts dealing with architectural history of the era. Consequently while a tendency aims to homogenize and standardize the subject of study, the other appears to underline the differences in order to formulate new forms of belonging. In this paper Celal Esad, Mübarek Galib, Ahmed Refik and Hamdullah Subhi are studied as examples of these two attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the place of Ezel Akay and Levent Kazak's 2006 visioned movie "Hacıvat Karagöz Neden Öldürüldü?" (Why were Hacivat and Karagöz murdered?) is discussed within the context of positioning endeavors of Hacivat and Karagoz as historic individualities to a specific period. In the study, right along with the mentioned movie, some scientific resources related with Shadow play Karagoz are put account. In the mentioned movie it is seen that Akay and Kazak duple presented Hacivat and Karagoz successfully both as imaginary/legendary and as historic individualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Felt making is known the oldest textile surface all around the world. There is no definite evidence about felt making and usage but its first usage on paper at Homer "Ilyada". After 1071 Malazgirt Victory, nomadic Turkish tribes came from Central Asia to Anatolia with their culture. Because of widely using fields of felt, it is in the daily life from past to present. Nowadays there are a lot of souvenirs and touristic things to make felt. At the same time Turkish, European or American artists prefer to use felt for their art works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth is one of the fundamental objectives of economics. Inflation is an important factor affecting the macroeconomic variables including economic growth. In this paper the relationship between inflation and economic growth is investigated in Turkish economy over the period 1950 - 2006. Empirical findings refers that variables are not cointegrated in the long run besides there is only single relation from inflation to growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kula is a historical small town in Aegean Anatolia, which has been under preservation since the 1980s. This paper analyzes the morphology of Kula in order to understand the transformation of its spaces that are considered to be public. These spaces are the social and spatial landmarks of the town, which are the old mosques and churches, the common open spaces, and the public fountains that were closed in the 1970s. By employing the space syntax analysis developed by the group led by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hanson, Kula is examined in three time periods in the 20th century. The first period is between the 1900s and the 1930s, the era that when Kula still manifested the formal characteristics of an Ottoman town. The second period is between the 1930s and the 1970s, the era when the new public institutions and the Izmir-Ankara highway were built. The third and the last period is between the 1970s and the end of the 20th century. This is when the preservation regulations were implemented on the town and it is also the time frame when Kula grew twice its size of the 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at exploring the rhythmic patterns and cycles (usul) as presented in Risala-i Musiki by Abdurrahman Nuraddin al-Jami who was also known as Molla Jami. In this context his contribution to this subject and his situation in the XVth century musical background were attempted to be explained. It seems that Jami, generally, described the elements of the theoretical system and the structure of rhythmic patterns of the past. With regard to the rhythmic patterns in his book he followed Abdulkadir Maragi and did not make any contribution to this subject. Concerning the musical scales al-Jami attempted to invent some new musical scales but he didn't give place to the rhythmic patterns of al-Maragi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with the Hellenic and Christian myths of Europe, this paper investigates the emergence and the development of the Idea of Europe with its multiple meanings and various values that have been assigned to it during its history. Europeanness as an upper-identity and its others, in history and today, within the scope of the European Union, are also analyzed in the text front two different receiving subjects, that is the Europeans and the Turks, which reflects partially overlapping but two different points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the characteristics of Islamic data in the process that began with the declaration of Ottoman Constitutional government. This is an important issue because it gives us a cross-section of our modernization history in the context of states continuity of the Ottoman and Turkey. In the paper, by critical and rational reading of the philosophical accumulation of Anatolia, I try to investigate the historical roots of our political identity and position without falling into error of searching any successor to a predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]