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The responsibility of transnational corporations in terms of human rights violations occuring in their supply chains has been a significant topic of debate in recent years. It is seen that addressing liability within the framework of soft law regulations does not provide sufficient effect on preventing violations. At this stage, the role of national tort rules and the increasing number of binding due diligence regulations in the human rights liability of transnational corporations is being debated. The most comprehensive example of binding national law norms has been drafted in Germany. The Corporate Duty of Due Diligence in Supply Chains Act (Lieferkettensorgfaltsgesetz-LkSG) entered into force in Germany on January 1, 2023. In this study, first of all, the liaison between transnational corporations and human rights will be briefly discussed. Then, the regulatory framework of LkSG in terms of human rights responsibility of companies will be analyzed. Finally, the civil liability of companies will be analyzed from the perspective of the recent decisions of the English courts, which tend to overcome the principle of separate legal personality in the corporate group, as well as the debates in German law. In lieu of a conclusion, the paper concludes with an assessment of the impact of the regulations and decisions on Turkish law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to research the selection and use of material process in the "Turkish Language and Turkish Culture" courses provided for the third and fourth generation Turks living in Germany, as well as the problems and/or the deficiencies arising during their use. Concurrently, the paper evaluates the teachers' opinions and approaches. According to the data obtained through questionnaires and interviews from teachers working in different states of Germany during the 2016-2017 academic year, almost all teachers believe in the importance of selecting and using course materials in achieving targeted success in the "Turkish Language and Turkish Culture" courses. Based on the answers, the primary goals of the selection, development and use of materials were to "Endear the Turkish language and to cultivate language awareness" as well as "Arouse student's interest". However, according to the data, the most widely used material was the whiteboard. Thus, the teachers asserted the inadequacy of support for material development and use, provided by Turkey and stated that the schools in which they worked in Germany were insufficient to provide the necessary conditions. In this regard, it should be underlined that besides increasing in-service training, it would be beneficial to improve physical conditions and increase financial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this study is the new methods and practices adopted in the employment and education of religious officials in Germany. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to identify the search for new methods in the employment and education of religious officials in Germany and to reveal their possibilities and limits. The study is bounded by the employment and education of religious officials in Germany. The searches for employment and education of religious officials in other countries falls outside the study area of this paper. In this study document analysis method was used to collect data. Relsted documents were read using the inductive method, accordingly coding was done and themes were created. In the research, case study design, one of the qualitative research desings and survey model were preferred. In this context, it has been tried to obtain data from as many different sources as possible about the employment and education of religious officials in Germany. The obtained data were analysed by descriptive analysis method. The data were organised, defined and explained according to the themes in accordance with the sub problems. The findings are limited to the data obtained from the sources that the researchers could identify and access on the subject and to the comments made accordingly. As a result of the research, it has been determined that most of the religious officials in Germany come from abroad, especially from Turkey, and a significant part of them work in mosques and associations affiliated to DITIB. It has been observed that the education and employment of the staff to be employed in the religious services in Germany is under the duty and responsibility of the religious communities, and this situation is guaranteed in accordance with the relevant articles of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. It has been determined that some religious communities have many years of practice and experience in the employment and education of religious officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of high and low context communication on the behavior of using impression management tactics of Turkish people who returned from Austria and Germany. The study's hypotheses have been tested on 51 employees working in Turkey. Data of the study was collected through an online survey. Reliability analyses have been performed and scales proved reliable. Statistical relationships have been tested with Pearson correlation analyses. Following the results of the study, it could be determined that there is a statistical relationship between communication style and impression management positively at the high context dimension and negatively at the low context dimension. Another meaningful finding of the study occurred by conducting the paired-samples t-test. Turkish employees who came from Austria and Germany on the one hand perceived Austria and Germany with low context and low impression management tactics, on the other hand, they detected Turkey with high context and much engagement in impression management tactics. The results of the study show that low-context communication is preferred in Germany and Austria and high context communication in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prussian tradition in Ottoman military modernization began with Captain Helmuth von Moltke. Approximately a century after the activities of the delegation headed by Helmuth von Moltke in the Ottoman army, advisors from Germany were re-assigned by the Republic of Turkey at various levels of the army. Compared to previous military delegations, German consultants, whose duties were limited to lecturing at military academies on paper, resigned from their official duties in Germany. They have signed special agreements with the Turkish Armed Forces that do not bind their own countries and military institutions, and have served in Turkey for a wage higher than the salary they earned in their country. Between 1925 and 1939, apart from the military attachés in the German embassies in Turkey, 36 German served in Turkish Military and Naval War Schools. Among these, Hilmar von Mittelberger is the most prominent name with his works that he left behind in a short period of 7 years, with his last position in Germany with the rank of lieutenant general. The German general, who returned to his country with the beginning of the Second World War, attended the talks about Turkey at the headquarters of his country's general staff, where he informed the generals of the German army about Turkey's defense power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bologna Process has set sights on creating European higher education area until 2010 and succeeded. Although it is not legally binding, most statements abide by published communications within the scope of the process created by member states and most international foundations. In European higher education area, education systems of member states aren't wanted to reduce one type higher education system. The aim is that protecting distinctive differences of higher education systems and providing them intercomparable. Thus, it is conceived that increasing mobility of students and faculties in parallel with transferring from a country or a university to other easily. In this regard, the universities in Germany have restructured their educational plans. Today, Germany is one of the countries which have high level of welfare and scientific development in the world. Purpose of this paper that presenting mechanical engineering education within new system in Germany. In this paper, Technical University of Hannover, Technical University of Munich and HAW-Hamburg (erst Fachhochschule) from Germany and courses and applications of mechanical engineering in Türkiye are considered. By European countries, making mechanical engineering education in Türkiye more quality and tougher and providing University-industry collaboration are intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the foundation and development of the Baverian State Library. The main collections, digitalization projects, technical and user services are explained in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]