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The Covid-19 pandemic had massive impact on the tourism sector of countries such as Thailand, which heavily rely on foreign tourism. This study aimed to study the role of marathon running events in provincial economy and analysed role of marathon events on provincial tourism of Thailand. Using SportStat Asia data of 41 running events during 2022-2023 from 21 provinces to verify affect of running events by dependent-samples t-test and multiple regression analysis, it was found that occupancy rate, number of stays, number of travelers and tourism income in the area of an event significantly increased in the month of competition. Additionally, the result confirmed that the number of runners also induced the expansion of those 4 indicators. This fruitful study suggests that academic knowledge and the proposal that each province in Thailand should launch marathon events with a theme and period associated with its identity and tourism season. The paper also provides a Thailand Provincial Marathon Calendar which will be updated every year in order to publicize for tourists who are interested in participating in marathon running and which will pave the way to the sustainable economic development.

Urban development of Khon Kaen Province based on the development direction towards modernization, has physically changed the city in terms of infrastructure development and economic development. It has also influenced public service delivery aimed to respond to urban people’s needs while there are imagination and expectation that population can access to the modernized city. This article aims to present the urban development context of Khon Kaen Province and the rights of the Isaan poor population to be involved in the context of urban development. A qualitative study method was used by reviewing academic papers, research papers and articles, together with relevant information from focus group discussions with the urban poor people. The study found that urban development of Khon Kaen Province involved government and capital groups in important roles through various forms of economic development, especially infrastructure development. Prosperity distribution according to development directions, as the main city in the Northeast, including the development of modern cities, causes economic changes, and physical changes in the city, the area is expensive and this can create value. This creates a disparity in the right to have a share in the city of urban people, especially urban poor people who have limited subsistence resources. Still, their livelihoods are in line with urban changes. The urban poor people view the right to the city of access to housing as urban citizens, access to the utilization of urban spaces and activities. This includes the right to know, the right to express opinions, the right to self-determination, and the right to enjoy the benefits of the city. However, if it is to make urban poor people have the right to participate in the city like all urban people. It is important to recognize that the urban poor are important actors in their own development and mobilization as they do not lose their connection and belonging to the city

The infrastructure development to promote countries’ socio-economic development in states with capitalist, socialist or mixed economies, has resulted to the expansion of urbanization which causes various problems such as traffic, pollution, environmental and social problems. This article aims to present development guidelines for high-speed trains for countries with capitalist and socialist economic systems in different contexts, including Transit Oriented Development’s principles and suggestions for integrated development of areas around Vientiane and Vang Vieng high speed train stations in Laos. It uses relevant data collection from interpretations from books, academic articles, research papers and journals according to qualitative research methodology. The study found the development of high-speed rail systems of each country is different depending on the context of the geographical area and focuses on building high-speed rail networks between cities and countries for various development dimensions. For the sustainable development of areas around high-speed railway stations in Laos, many dimensions should be integrated, these include the area/physical readiness of the area, the adaptation of the affected communities and the principles of Transit Oriented Development

The objective of this study is to develop a model for promoting family resilience with guardians of children and youths who diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study based on technical action research, collecting data by interviewing and observation, analyzing data by clustering, classify, encode and draw conclusions from the findings. The research participants, include 14 guardians who play a close role in caring for children and youths with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 3 experts. The result of the model for promoting family resilience identified four processes: 1) Researchers and experts gain an understanding of the process and factors related to family resilience, including the need for family development from guardians. 2) Researchers provide social support and create awareness of social support sources for guardians. 3) Researchers reinforce positive feelings and thoughts in both themselves and the guardians' surrounding people. 4) Guardians share their family resilience experiences with new guardians, resulting in changes in the three-dimensional model for promoting family resilience, including knowledge and understanding, emotional, and behavioral family resilience. The results of this study on the model for promoting family resilience with guardians of children and youths diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be further applied and utilized by guardians in future crisis situations. Additionally, interdisciplinary teams or public health organizations can apply this model to enhance services provided to families of patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the IT mindfulness program among media agency employees by measuring mean scores of IT mindfulness, technostress, employee wellbeing, and job satisfaction before and after joining the program. The researcher developed the program by integrating literature on IT mindfulness and its elements consisting of the alertness to distinction (AD), the awareness of multiple perspectives (AP), and the openness to novelty (ON) incorporating the Mindfulness Experiential Learning Theory. Participants were 30 media agency employees purposefully selected to join the intervention program. Data were analyzed with SEM. The results showed that the mean scores of IT mindfulness and employee well-being of the experimental group after joining the program were significantly higher than before joining the program (d = -.56, p < .05) and (d = -.39, p < .05), respectively. The mean score of technostress of the experimental group after joining the program was significantly lower than before joining the program (d = .59, p < .05). Learning from the current program could benefit heavy-tech organizations and their employees. The content of the program could be applied to mitigate technostress and increase employee well-being in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study design applied the quasi - experimental research with randomized pretest-posttest control group design and primarily aims to develop a spiritual leadership program as well as to develop and validate a handbook on training spiritual leadership for leaders in a healthcare organizations. The study participants consisted of 62 leaders in a healthcare organizations (i.e., executives, managers, and those who were prepare to be promoted to manager or executive). The participants were divided into two groups, 32 participants were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group by simple random sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection were performed. Results: 1) the program and handbook on training spiritual leadership for leaders in organizations were obtained. This program consisted of four modules: module 1 connectedness to self and one’s own spirituality, module 2 connectedness to others and society, module 3 development of spiritual leadership, and module 4 follow-up after spiritual leadership training. 2) For the try-out to validate the effectiveness of training program, results revealed that spiritual leadership of the leaders attending the spiritual leadership program was significantly higher than those who did not attend the program (p < .05). In addition, results of the qualitative data revealed that the leaders who attended the program had greater knowledge and understanding about spiritual leadership. Also, their spiritual leadership had increased, connectedness to self, others, and society had developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research were to synthesize research on Curriculum Assessment of Mahasarakham University from 2002-2021. The population used in this research was 13 curriculum assessment research papers from 2002-2021 from a search in the computer database of the Office of Academic Resources, Mahasarakham University. The research instrument was a research data synthesis data form for university curriculum evaluation. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and content analysis.The findings of this research were:1. Preliminary information of the research. Most of them are curricular assessment research. Master’s degree in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University, 6 volumes, 46.15 percent. Most of the research objectives were for the study of master’s degree programs, totaling 11 books (84.62 percent).2. The results of the content synthesis of curricular assessment research showed that most of them used the Zip-style assessment format, 9 volumes (69.23 percent) consisted of evaluating the context of the curriculum. For evaluation of course inputs, the course process and evaluating course output. Most of the people used in the research study with instructors of 12 books or 92.31 percent, followed by students with 10 books or 76.92 percent, graduates of 5 books or 38.46 percent, and graduate users of 4 books, accounted for 30.77 percent of the tools used to collect data. Most of them were interviews of 10 volumes, representing 76.92 percent, followed by questionnaires of 8 books, accounting for 61.54 percent, and the number of experts in the review of research tools. It was found that most of them were experts, numbering 5 people, 9 books, representing 69.23 percent, followed by the number of experts, 3 people, 3 books, accounting for 23.08 percent.The results of the synthesis research on curriculum evaluation will be used as a supporting information for the preparation of guidelines for determining the format of the assessment methods of the university’s courses.

The aim of this academic article was to present the concept of responsible tourism applied in management to balance the three pillars of sustainability in national and international policy, product and service design in hotels, restaurants, and travel businesses related areas. The concept of responsible tourism is one of the tourism concepts that focusses on the responsible concerns of service providers and travelers by reflecting their concerns through the management process of product and service design to prevent behaviors of both service providers and travelers that may affect the environment and local identity. The design of products and services that conserve tourism resources, reflect environmental management, and sustainable management. The article showa examples of hotels’ and restaurants’ business policies that integrate environmental awareness processes with the design concept for the environment in the products and services design. The paper gathers information and analysis from national and international travel policies and trends, surveys and reports of global travel agencies, research papers, and industry examples that have implemented responsible tourism concept over the past two decades.Responsible tourism is not the responsibility of any one person but it is the duty and responsibility of us all to achieve sustainable development goals together

The open-pollinated eggplant seeds that are mainly produced germination and low vigor due to several reasons including invasion of fungi. Thus, fungi eradication prior to seedling is crucial. One of the most popular and widely used methods in the seed industry is to coat seeds in combination with antifungal agents to prevent fungi in the seedling stage and make the seeds germinate more evenly, making them easier to handle after planting. However coating agents used in the seed industry must be imported from abroad and harmful chemical antifungal agents are used. This research aimed to study the appropriate coating formula for open-pollinated eggplant seed coatings with clove essential oils to prevent contamination by fungi. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry, Surin Rajabhat University. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was conducted to determine the suitable seed coating ratio between a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) and rate 1% clove essential oil. The results indicated that 5 grams of PVP K-90 with 1% of clove essential oil was easily water soluble and had suitable viscosity, coating the entire seed so that the seeds did not stick together, This resulted in 84% of the germination and germination index of 9.23 which was higher than uncoated seeds. Moreover, only 2% of the coated seed became infected by the fungus Aspergillus flavus compared to 80.75% of fungus Aspergillus flavus uncoated seed. The coated seeds was able to control fungus up to 77.50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to study the removal efficiency of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water by microfiltration membrane (model HVLP2932A). The filtration experiments were determined using a dead-end filtration membrane. Factors studied were the operating pressures, ionic strengths, and combined solutions between EfOM and NOM using the solution ratio (EfOM:NOM) of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1. Experimental results showed that increased operating pressure resulted in increased solution flux and removal of organic matter. Increased ionic strength caused an increase in flux decline and exhibited an increase in organic matter removal. The experimental ratio of EfOM to NOM at 3:1 provided the highest organic removal efficiency of 32.1%. In addition, the experimental results indicated that combined EfOM and NOM solutions caused significant differences in flux decline. It was found that an increased EfOM ratio enhanced greater flux decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated municipal solid waste (MSW) composition, energy potential, and estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the current MSW management practice and the future MSW management scenarios of Mandalay municipality, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Waste sampling was performed in March 2019 for two transfer stations, with garden and park waste accounting for 45.4 % by wet weight of MSW. Plastic, food, and textile waste accounted for 15.4, 14.4 and 11.0 wt%, respectively. The rest (13.7 wt%) comprised small pieces of wood, rubber, leather, paper, nappies, metal, and glass. The moisture content of MSW samples was 43.2 wt%. Based on this composition, the energy potential from MSW was approximately 2,357 TJ. The equivalent electricity production potential ranged from 5.2-10.3 MW, assuming an overall power plant efficiency of 10-20% and 300 working days per year. The amount of GHG emission from MSW management was estimated, using 2006 IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories, to be 94 Gg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) in 2019. MSW generation up to 2030 was forecasted using the univariate Grey model (GM (1, 1)). Under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, the GHG emission will increase to 820 Gg CO2-eq in 2030. This study proposed two alternative MSW management scenarios for GHG mitigation based on the Mandalay waste management strategy. The first scenario (S1) represented the case where waste collection efficiency and recycling were enhanced, and the composting and aerobic digestion facilities were operated. The second scenario (S2) described the case where additional material and energy recovery through reuse and recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, and waste-to-energy power plant were implemented. S2 also included conversions of all landfills into semi-aerobic landfills. The results showed that in 2030, S1 and S2 could reduce GHG emissions by 6% and 55%, respectively, compared to the BAU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Fei Wo Si Cun’s Dong Gong, the author tells the story of the female protagonist who is from a different ethnic group. The story focuses on her love tragedy caused by the violence and crime the male protagonist commits against her ethnic group. The aim of this paper is to analyze the female protagonist’s suicide by using psychological concepts such as memory loss and betrayal trauma as a means of explaining the action. It was found that the female protagonist deals with the issue of ethnic extinction by choosing death as a solution in two instances, one metaphorical, the other literal. The first is death through oblivion by jumping into the ‘River of Forgetfulness’ so that the river erases all her memories of loss and pain, which will lead to rebirth without racial bonds. However, such memories come back to haunt her as she cannot give up or abandon her ethnic group. Her recollection of violence and pain serves to disclose the conflict between loyalty to her ethnic group and romantic love. In the end, the female protagonist chooses suicide again to show her rebellion and refusal to fall under the mandate of the male protagonist who invaded and destroyed her ethnic group. Such presentation emphasizes the existence of other ethnic groups.

In this study, used aluminum beverage cans were recycled and chemical composition of an aluminum alloy ingot obtained from the recycled cans was examined by emission spectroscopy. The ingots were remelted at 750 °C, and then 0.25 wt.% Si, 0.5 wt.% Si, 1.5 wt.% Mg and 3 wt.% Mg powders were added to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast recycled aluminum alloy and recycled Al-Mg-Si alloy at different Si and Mg contents were investigated via optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness tester, and universal testing machine (UTM). The results revealed that the microstructure of the recycled aluminum alloy ingot consisted of Al-Mg-Mn solid solution and four different secondary phases: Al19(Fe3SiMn), Al33(Fe3SiMn), Al11(Fe2Mn), and Al19(Mg2Si) phase. The hardness and tensile strength of the recycled aluminum alloy increased with the addition of Si and Mg powders. As the Mg content increased from 1.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%, the volume fraction of the Al19(Mg2Si) secondary phase increased. The experimental results indicated that the addition of Si and Mg can modify the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the recycled aluminum alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to 1) study on the hues of cotton fabric dyed with Sappan Wood and natural mordants and 2) develop home textile products by applying cotton fabric dyed with Sappan Wood and natural mordants. The hues were measured as color strength (K/S) on the cotton fabric after dyeing using three methods. 1) pre-mordant method, 2) simultaneous mordant method and 3) post-mordant method using natural mordants in the process. And also when Sappan Wood was dyed dyeing without any mordants. Product development was started by considering the variety of fabric hues after dyeing, leading to the design and sewing of product prototypes used to evaluate the quality from experts and then to improve it to achieve a quality product prototype. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the K/S values on cotton dyed under all conditions. We also investigated the mean () and standard deviation (S.D.) of consumer satisfaction with the product prototype. We found that dyeing cotton fabric with only Sappan Wood results in a brown-orange hue (the average of K/S is 1.17) while using acid mordants (Sompoi pod juice and Tamarin juice) produced a brown-yellow hue with the highest K/S value between 0.62 and 1.49. Using alkaline mordants (Lime water and Ash water) yielded a purple-pink-red hue with the highest K/S value of 1.18, and the lowest of 0.39. Overall, color fastness to washing was moderate-good. The color fastness to rubbing in both wet and dry conditions was a minimal amount of color stain on standard cotton cloth. However, the color fastness to light was the lowest. The prototypes of five pillows were designed using the patchwork technique. Fifty samples had total satisfaction of 4.17 at a high level. In this regard, the product prototypes were applied to be transferred to the target community enterprises with a workshop on sewing pillows by using cotton fabric dyed with Sappan Wood and natural mordants as the main material. The target group can apply the from our studies of product design, the fabric hue selection, principles, and methods of tailoring the patchwork technique to have quality and be able to extend their product to be demanded in the green market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The qualitative mixed method designs research aims are as follows: (1) to narrate the life experience of sexual harassment on online social media from six sexual harassers experience by transcendental phenomenology based on the four steps of research process developed by Clark Moustakas. The study found that the meaning and essence of the life experience of sexual harassment on online social media are an experience that the harasser feels safe to sexual harassment. The harasser allows emotion over reasoning and reification of victims and lack of sympathy without thinking about the consequences. The harasser selection victim by know information about and the identity of victim. The victims are emotionally involved in a positive or negative relationship with their harasser, such as being intimate, offensive, irritated or angry. The harasser is self-centered and the harassment serves their own needs. The harasser lacks conscience when they harass their victim whether or not the harassment will affect the victim. The researcher used the results to answer research objectives: (2) to create prevention guidelines for sexual harassment on online social media from seven sexual harassment specialists by thematic analysis. The research results lead to presenting the sexual harassment prevention guidelines: public relations for modus operandi; enforcing the law; creating awareness of the possibility of being prosecuted; and cultivating morals and ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research on factors affecting the use of intelligent transportation services: A case study of Smart Bus in Ubon Ratchathani Province. The objectives were to 1) study travel behavior and use of mass transit services; 2) study the level of opinions on factors affecting the use of intelligent transportation services; 3) to analyze the causal relationship of the factors that affected continue to spread the word on the provision of intelligent bus services. Ubon Ratchathani province, This research is a quantitative research. The research tools were questionnaires. The sample groups were consumers who had used public transportation. and those using public bus service, Ubon Ratchathani province, in the amount of 420 people.The level of opinions about the expectation of mass transit services. The average was at a high level (X = 4.13, SD = 0.58). The level of opinions about factors supporting passengers to use the service smart bus was at a high average level (X = 4.57, SD = 0.54). The level of opinions about the factor telling passengers to use the smart bus service was at a high average level (X = 4.49, SD = 0.69). In the route analysis, factors affecting the use of intelligent transportation services, it was found that 1) the expectation factor of mass transit services had a positive direct influence on the use of intelligent bus service use telling factors. Ubon Ratchathani province, the route coefficient was 0.063 and had a positive direct influence on the factors supporting passengers to use smart bus services. The route coefficient was 0.192. 2) The factor supporting passengers to use the smart bus service. There was a positive direct influence on the word-of-mouth factor for using the service. smart bus Ubon Ratchathani province had a route coefficient of 0.877 and 3) expectation factors for mass transit service There is an indirect cause influence on the wording factor for using the service. Smart bus Ubon Ratchathani province has a route coefficient equal to 0.578 through the route factor supporting passengers to use the smart bus service Results from the research of consumers who use public transportation. Ubon Ratchathani smart bus, give importance to the factors of public transport service system, public buses and to focus on supporting factors and word of mouth in using the intelligent bus service. This will lead to increased service traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this research were 1) to understand the meaning of physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors among elderly and disabled adults, and 2) to find the problems, needs, and design conditions of the innovative wheelchair to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors for elderly and disabled adults. The qualitative research design collected data from 3 elderly and 3 disabled adults through the interview. The results of the content analysis revealed that meaning physical activity were the usage of physical capabilities to enforce wheelchairs in various forms of locomotion for daily life and meaning healthy lifestyle behaviors were the state of living life by self, independent living, social participation, occupation for income, and access to services through physical capabilities. Finally, designing conditions of the innovative wheelchair to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors for elderly and disabled adults can be divided into 2 issues: 1) competence to stand 2) adaptability for locomotion to responsibility for using wheelchairs in everyday life. The findings are guidelines to design innovative wheelchairs based on behavioral science that is academically useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and investigate the effectiveness of a positive psychological capital development program affecting volunteer behavior in the compulsory volunteer group. The sample consisted of 40 compulsory volunteers from a private foundation in Bangkok by sample assignment. Divided equally into two groups of 20 compulsory volunteers for an experimental and a control group by volunteer behavior score before experiment. The research instruments included a positive psychological capital development program through action learning and a volunteer behavior questionnaire with Cronbach’s Alpha of .946. The result is shown as follows (1) the experimental group had the mean values of volunteer behavior after the experiment, and the follow-up period was statistically significantly higher than the control group at the .05 level. (2) The experimental group had the mean values of volunteer behavior after experiment and the follow-up period was statistically significantly higher than, before the experiment at the .05 level. The research findings that there was the effectiveness of the positive psychological capital development program through action learning in fostering volunteer behavior of compulsory volunteers. The results were helpful to the management in using this program to improve effectiveness of foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to study the causal relationship of coping and quality of life among medical students at pre-clinical level in the northern region of Thailand. The sample consisted of 312 medical students at pre-clinical level who were randomly selected by two-stage sampling. Data were collected in February 2023 using online questionnaires. Data were analyzed by causal structural model with latent variable. The study findings showed that the proposed model fitted the empirical data; χ² = 90.89, df = 48, p-value = .00, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .06, GFI = .96, AGFI = .92, CFI = .99, CN = 244.79 and all path coefficients were statistically significant at 0.05 levels. Furthermore, the results showed that resilience had the most effected on coping (path coefficient = .80), followed by self-efficacy (path coefficient = .65). Resilience had the most effected on quality of life (path coefficient = .59), followed by self-efficacy and coping (path coefficient = .48 for both). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research aims to investigate the characteristics and factors influencing the willingness to communicate in English as a second language among undergraduate students in a higher education institute. The study integrates the Self-Determination Theory and Chanda, which is Buddhist's achievement motivation, as a framework for examining this willingness. In-depth interviews by a set of semi-structure interview questions were validated by experts, were conducted with 20 key informants, 2nd year students in a higher education institute who were purposive sampled. The data collected were confirmed by these key informants after the interview sessions and then analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate 1) a cause-effect relationship in the willingness to communicate in English as a second language, where needs, favor, and communication goals emerged as the causes, while dedication and the ability to fully engage in learning were identified as the effects. This cause-effect cycle reinforces itself, and the factors can be grouped into three categories, thinking, feeling, and motivation. Furthermore, 2) the study identified related factors such as communication goals, emotions, and motivation, including the desire for relatedness, competence, autonomy, wholesome action for oneself and others, and the aspiration for effective communication, contribute to the increase or decrease in the willingness to communicate in English as a second language. 3) the study’s findings align with both the Self- Determination Theory and Chanda align with the study's findings and possess fundamental elements that reflect the cultural and social differences of the theories. The study's findings provide recommendations for developing an integrative psychological learning process and interventions that enhance the willingness to communicate in English as a second language. The use of mixed- methods optimizes efficiency and facilitates a context-dependent understanding of this willingness within the Thai educational and cultural system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of ChatGPT, or artificial intelligence chatbots that provide automatic answering of various questions, has been gaining attention and trial until it became a topic of discussion and communication in society. It also affects human behavior, academic studies, and research in behavioral science. The author therefore presents this academic article to introduce the characteristics of ChatGPT and its use in behavioral science research that can help facilitate research work more conveniently, quickly, and efficiently, in addition to writing academic articles and research articles as generally known. ChatGPT is also useful for many other research applications, from starting to find research issues or problems, studying literature reviews, finding approaches to research, analyzing data, summarizing, and writing research reports. Prompt engineering is a key element in enabling ChatGPT to receive commands and respond accurately according to the user's needs. However, the use may be risky for users to consider due to the reliability and validity of the results, expenses and investment budget, user privacy, and especially ethical issues related to honesty and transparency in writing research reports that do not extract from ChatGPT responses to use in their own writings or make unethical inquiries, which pose a risk to both the user and general people in society. The adaptation and adoption of ChatGPT technology advancements are topics of future behavioral science research that should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effects of the self-management program with Baowan Baochai mobile application for foot care behaviors prevention among adults and elderly with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sixty people were recruited and randomly assigned into the experimental group (n=30) and the comparison group (n=30), who meet the inclusion criteria and a match pairing method which performed according to blood glucose values and education level. The Instruments consist of the self-management program with Baowan Baochai Mobile Application and for foot care behaviors questionnaires (=.87). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The result showed that the experimental group had the interaction between the self-management program among adults and aging with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus on foot care behaviors prevention (F=9.13, P=.004). The mean scores for foot care behaviors in the experimental group higher than the comparison group with statistical significance in both adults and elderly groups. When comparing between the experimental and the comparison group, it was found that in the experimental group, both adults and elderly had better foot care behaviors. Nevertheless, in the comparison group, it was found that in adults’ group had significantly better foot care behaviors than the elderly group (P < .05). In conclusion, both the adult and the elderly had better foot care behaviors after receiving the program. This indicates that the program is suitable for promoting foot care behavior among adults and the elderly. Therefore, health care providers can use mobile applications for the elderly as well as adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to study effectiveness of enhance the spirituality of teachers development program. It is a quasi-experimental research. The sample were the first-year students in the field of Dramatic Studies and Music Education (4-year program), College of Dramatic Arts, Bunditpatanasilpa Institute.Forty students were grouped equally into experimental and control groups: 20 students per group. Data were collected using the spirituality of teachers test in a pretest prior to participating, a post-test immediately after and a follow-up test one month later. The results showed that a post-test period of students received program had of enhance the spirituality of teachers higher than pre-test and control group with statistical significance, in follow-up period of 1 month, the students who received program had of the spirituality of teachers decreased little from post - test, still higher than the students who did not receive the spiritual teacher program.At the result, this research showed that using the spirituality of teachers program, It is effective for enhance the spirituality of teachers of students. Therefore, the use of the study model should be encouraged to enhance in the long term. to maintain the spirit of being a teacher to remain permanently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to study the characteristics of ecosystems landscape on the existence of marine life so as to aesthetically create a landscape painting by studying the wetlands at Thale Noi Waterfowl Park in Phatthalung Province. This is a natural way of life with ecological and cultural balance in the interactive dimension of surroundings such as humans, aquatic animals, water buffaloes, floating plants, waterfowl families, etc.The results of this creative research revealed that; - 1) Ecosystem characteristics and the landscape of all living things involved in the way of life of the wetlands at Thale Noi, represent the meaning of “The Living Space” compared as “The Breadbasket”, which is the center and the source of life in the ecological and cultural dimensions as far as the natural ecology is concerned. This can be seen through the relationship maintenance and the changing the circle of life between living things adapted to the environment, 2) It is important to create works of visual art through appearance based on an interpretation of representative images showing the aesthetic beauty 2.1) Creating meaning through the content, shapes of plants and the symbolic animals important. 2.2) Creating meaning can be achieved through color atmosphere, screen printing technique and digital art.

Within the artificial intelligence rebellion, barely any innovation has been meliorated as quickly as biometrics. Fingerprint, iris, and face are popular digital identities, routinely integrated into common devices and portable gadgets to empower a quick and secure authentication. The uniqueness and ease of use of biometrics have subrogated traditional authentication, such as password and powered up the confidence of users conducting online transactions and using mobile devices in the new normal era. The authentication systems are actuated by image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The performance of these systems are highly affected by the quality of the acquired input where noisy images, poor pathological samples, and less controlled surroundings are major challenges to overcome. An innovative and attractive alternative is the machine learning based authentication. The intelligence and efficiency of authentication process can be increased while processing time and complication processes are lessen without program adjustment. Therefore, this academic article was composed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the top three aforementioned biometrics. Empirical evidences on the breakthrough of machine learning based authentication systems were presented. The benefits lie in providing solutions for those who are looking for the appropriate, cost-effective and efficient security technology for booking accommodation with a host, accessing bank account, applying for government benefits, accepting a new friend request on social media or any online interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) has been designed and developed for an ultra-low bandwidth communication and has been applied to used in Internet of Things (IoT). Recently, MQTT has been used in traditional TCP/IP networks. Yet, the ultra-low bandwidth and long-range communication of MQTT have been considerably increased. Previous proposed techniques still struggle to make MQTT compatible with Long-Range (LoRa) networks. In this paper, we have design and implement the Telemetry Media Access Control (TMAC). Our TMAC helps increase ranges of MQTT's data communications. We have experimented our TMAC using a network testbed. Experimental results have illustrated that our TMAC can transfer data over 5 kilometers with low network overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to answer to what extent Medical terms translation guidelines from Chinese into Thai a word that presumably appears in no dictionary. Unfamiliar as the word may appear statusy is a perfectly analyzable formation for. The researcher studied the translation of medical terminology in signs and symptoms of diseases according to medicine based on the principles of translation on human anatomy and physiology and including translations,explanations from medical books and dictionaries. The different types of tactics used to convey meaning were also analysed. The collected data was only the interpretation strategies for analyzing the problems encountered in the perform translation operations to translation guidelines.The analysis used the process of translation or word-for-word translation. The results were two problems: 1. understanding of medical terminology 2. word choice in literary translation. The problems encountered and the solutions proposed by the researcher proposed were follows:- 1. problems in a medical translation is when there are words that need to be translated, having to check with dictionaries and documents that have medical-related content again 2. difficulties selecting a word for a translation and medical terminology, whenever a term made up of word parts is introduced, the definition is followed.

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum factor of the hardening process of carbon steel. The study factors were quenching temperatures at 750, 800 and 830 °C, with 2 and 5 min of holding times, and the quenching media were oil and water. The hardness of the specimens was measured. It was found that the optimal conditions for hardening were at a hardening temperature of 764 °C, hardening for 5 minutes holding using oil quenching. It was found that the average hardness of workpieces was 48 HRC. It was also found that the quenching temperature affected the hardness of the work-piece but the holding times and the quenching medium did not affect the workpiece hardness at 0.05 significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied the essence of Isan dance by Chaweewan Phanthu, a national artist. Its purpose was. - 1) to study the development in the performing arts of Chaweewan Phanthu, and 2) to study the essence of Isan dance of Chaweewan Phanthu. We reviewed research papers and field data from the sample group of 33 people comprising a group of 7 experts, 6 practitioners, and 20 general informants. Research instruments were a survey, an observation form, an interview form that was both structured and unstructured. The results were presented using descriptive methods. It was found that. - 1) Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu was born in the Mor Lam family and was trained since a young age by many master Mor Lam artists from the Isan region, such as MorLam Chalee Damnoen, MorLam Khampha Ritthit, MorLam Boonpeng Pewchaiand Mor Lam Khampun Fungsuk etc. These artists had a graceful personality and melodious intonation that has 25 layers of detailed tremolo, and also aunique melody and style. These musicians are the ones who perfectly preserves the traditional Isan dance posture. 2) the essence of Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu’s Isan folk dance is “bow low, wide dance, don’t hold back”, a definition that is at the heart of the Isan dance that has stipulated the holistic aspect of the Isan dance as a model for performing the gestures of the dance. The definition of Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu consequently leads to a role that is said to be a “beautiful dance” originating from the process of knowledge and ability in Isan dance, arising from the accumulated experience and expertise. It has been formed into a skill and distinctive character of using the body from the head, hands, arms, shoulders, body, and feet, which are components of the dance style that reflects the local Isan aesthetic.

The community development volunteer leader plays an important role in the development and support the work of community development officers. The objectives of this study were 1) to develop a causal relationship model of authentic leadership in community development volunteer leaders and 2) to empirically validate the causal relationship model of authentic leadership in community development volunteer leaders. The sample consisted of 417 community development volunteer leaders. Proportional stratified random sampling was used. Questionnaires were used to collect data, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient between .89 - .95. Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling technique. The result showed that the proposed model fitted the empirical data (chi-square = 506.81, df =170, p = .000, chi-square/df = 2.9, RMSEA = 0.069, SRMR = 0.059, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.86). The result of the effects of path analysis showed that 1) psychological capital (ß = .19, p < .01), meaningful work (ß = .09 p < .05) and self-awareness (ß 5= .63 p < .01) had a direct on authentic leadership; 2) psychological capital (ß = .11, p < .05), Social support (ß = .18, p < .01) and organization climate (ß = .16, p < .01) had an indirect on authentic leadership. The predictive coefficients found that psychological capital, meaningful work, social support, organizational climate and self-awareness could explain authentic leadership at 62% (R2 = .63). The policy suggestions from this research suggested the department of community development should establish a policy to create a good perception of the organizational climate and promote social support from supervisors and colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This academic article presented the relative between the political development stage, Parenting styles, trust, and enhancing trust for reducing political conflict between parents and adolescents in the family. The political development stage refers to the political construct and represented political understanding. The political development stage develops from political socialization by talking, debating, observing, and political participation. Parenting styles were part of political socialization. Parenting styles affected the political development stage of adolescents, raised questions about the political concept, accept or decline parents' political orientations, and became a political conflict in a family between parent and adolescent. Authoritative parenting enhanced talking, debating, and listening together. But the political debates were a sensitive topic in Thailand's context. Adolescents are worried to debate with their parents because they lacked trust. Trust can enhance by adjusting to friendship relationships, keeping a promise, and honesty with adolescents. At last, trust can decrease political conflict in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative study using the interactionism model. It aims to identify significant indicators and predict the volume of psychological states and situational factors related to traffic rule compliance behavior. The study’s sampling group is 1,107 high school students, selected by multi-stage sampling. The study found that road safety behavior control efficacy variables were paired with the highest correlation coefficient and significantly positively correlated with traffic rule compliance behavior. (r = 0.567, p < .01). The multiple regression analysis found that psychological traits, psychological states, and situational factors can predict the traffic rule compliance behavior of the sampling group by 54.92%. The best predicting factors are the collectivism variable and the influence of people around variable. The high-risk groups include grade 11 (junior of high school students), a group of students using bicycles, and a group of students who understand only some of the traffic rules. The results of this research pointed out guidelines for the development of traffic rules compliance behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research focused to understand the work-life balance and conditions related to work-life balance in terms of COVID-19; and to propose guidelines for developing the work-life balance of professional nurses. The key informants were professional with experience in caring for patients with COVID-19, with six cases over six months; for one case under private agency and five cases under government agency. And those who are primarily involved with professional nurses from six cases; supervisor, colleagues and family members. Data were analyzed according to qualitative method. In terms of the definition of work-life balance were the equal distribution of time between work and family and adjustment in every role. The characteristics of creating a work-life balance in three parts: time limit, professional value and subsistence income. There were conditions to encourage work-life balance, including adjustment to situations and optimism. The external factors included supervisors and family members to support colleagues. The guidelines for developing work-life balance found that support from supervisors, colleagues, family members and the ability of professional nurses to integrate their professional and personal lives. Professional nurses achieved a balance in work, family and personal life. Professional nurses can be applied in accordance with the work-life balance. The organization of nurses can be used to determine the work standards of professional nurses to balance work and life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative study using the interactionism model. It aims to identify significant indicators and predict the volume of psychological and situational factors related to purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders among undergraduate students. The study’s sampling group is 846 undergraduate students, selected by multi-stage sampling. The study found that attitudes towards purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders (r = 0.575, p < .01). The multiple regression analysis found psychological traits, psychological states and situational factors can predict the purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders of the sampling group by 41.09%; the best predicting factor are attitudes towards purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders and basic of marketing. The high-risk groups include undergraduate female students, low-grade undergraduate students, and young undergraduate students. The results of this research suggest guidelines for the development of purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders of undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to study the concept of broadly conceptualizing beauty perceived by female adolescents who had positive body image and to synthesize the broad conceptualization of beauty themes in Thai context. The qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interview technique with female undergraduates. Seventeen key informants who was classified as high positive body image were recruited for semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. ‘Broad conceptualization of beauty’ perceived by Thai adolescents were categorized by 3 themes and 12 sub-themes including 1) external beauty: broad view of physical beauty, body-care, personal dressing styles 2) intrapersonal characteristics: self-confidence, self-acceptance, inner soul and spirituality, intelligence and 3) desirable interpersonal characteristics: nice gestures, positive communal traits, positive attitude towards others, optimism, and positive emotions. The results can be beneficial guideline to involved health professions as well as relevant organizations for treating body image problems and enhancing healthy body image by broadening the conceptualization of beauty. These findings also suggest the conceptual framework of broad conceptualization of beauty contributing to scale development and future studies in Thai women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to digital disruption, the auditing firms and the auditors have greatly been impacted as being the key people who provide the auditing opinions to the business. The objectives of this study were 1. To explore definition, attributes, and factors of innovative leadership in auditory firms; 2. To develop and validate innovative leadership in auditory firms and; 3. To examine the structural factor of innovative leadership in auditory firms. This study was divided into two phases: qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative consisted of the interviews to the four key informants and the second phase was conducted to the 450 auditors in Thailand. For the definition of innovative leadership, referring to the in-depth interview at the first phase of research, it has been found that the innovative leadership in auditing firms can be categorized into five dimensions 1 Team Working; 2. Embracing to Change; 3. Self-development and Team Development; 4. Goal Setting; and 5. Networking. Therefore, the researcher collected the first key findings to define the meaning of innovative leadership as the ability to influence team management to achieve goals, embrace change, assess and take risk of taking the initiative or improving process in own's or team's responsibilities, have perseverance, embracing diversity and inclusion in the team, assign tasks based on individual capability, motivate team and build collaboration, inquiring for information from both inside and outside organization in order to gain the new approach or body of knowledge which the innovative leader significantly supports in bringing the innovation into practice to serve customer's context or needs. The exploratory was applied in order to extract the factors. According to the research findings, there were 34 items of innovative leadership in the auditory firms which could be categorized into five factors: change management, team development, being ambitious, self-development, and building and networking. The psychometric measurement was controlled by the reliability and validity, itemtotal correlation, and reliability. This study also demonstrated the meaning of Innovative leadership and factors in auditors in Thailand. The psychometric properties can also be used as the tools for developing innovative leadership for auditors in Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Selfadvocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale. The scale was constructed based on related theories. The developed scale was then tested for content validity by experts. The participants were 400 women who experiencing intimate partner violence that treated by One Stop Crisis Center (OSCC) affiliated with hospitals in Thailand. In process of construct validity testing the researcher randomly divided the sample into 2 groups ( 200 sample per group). First, analyze the 1st group data by exploratory factor analysis then analyze the 2nd group by confirmatory factor analysis. Results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Self-Advocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale consisted of 22 items with 3 factors (KMO = .894): ‘Knowledge of self’, ‘Leadership and knowledge of right’ and ‘Communication skills’. These 3 factors accounted for 53.135% of the total variance. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Self-advocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale consisted of 3 components that measured all 22 observed variables. The result found that standard factor loading between 0.440 - 0.960 at 0.01 level. And goodness of fit with the empirical data were (x² = 90.318, df = 139, Relative Chi-square = .650, P = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000 RMR = 0.058, GFI = 0.961, CFI = 1.000, PGFI = 0.582 respectively. So, The Self-advocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale had good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability that reflected three elements of self – advocacy. It can be used to assess and cultivate self – advocacy in women who experiencing intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative study using the interactionism model. It aims to identify significant indicators and predict the volume of psychological states and situational factors related to cooperation skills in the new normal. The study sampling group is 789 undergraduate students selected by multi-stage sampling. The study found that attitude towards the development of work skills in the new normal life are positive and significant to cooperation skills (r = 0.605, p < .01) The multiple regression analysis found that psychological traits, situational factors and psychological states can predict cooperation skills of the sampling group by 52.97% the best predicting factor is an ability to learning process within the university. The high-risk groups include undergraduate male students, low-grade undergraduate students and old undergraduate students. The results of this research have suggested ways to develop cooperation skills and encourage students to prepare and develop cooperation skills more effectively. The researcher has also been used to create a new set of manuals for developing cooperation skills and training courses to develop additional potential under the project “preparing to enter the working age in the new normal”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and investigate the effectiveness of psychological capital on the work engagement of NGO employees. The sample included 40 NGO employees in Bangkok who work with LGBT people. The participants were equally divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included a psychological capital program and a work engagement questionnaire. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that, in both the post-intervention and the follow-up period, the NGO employees who underwent a positive psychological program developed higher work engagement in all three areas of vigor, dedication, and absorption than the samples in the control group at a statistically significant level of .05. In addition, the psychological capital program helped the NGO employees achieve improvement and persistence in their work engagement. The research results also show that the psychological capital program effectively keeps NGO employees more engaged in their jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R) has been well characterized for assessing Perfectionism in literature. However, no previous studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of the APS-R for academically gifted students in Thailand. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop the APS-R cross-culturally into Thai and evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of academically gifted students. The APS-R was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Thai according to the international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The APS-R Thai version was administered to 521 academically gifted students of Mahidol Wittayanusorn School and Kamnoetvidya Science Academy. The results indicated that the APSR Thai version showed good psychometric properties: internal consistency (α = .72 -.91), convergent (AVE = .35 - .48), and discriminant validity (MSV = .15 - .28). The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model was fitted to the empirical data (χ²= 376.7, df = 163, Relative χ²= 2.31, RMSEA = 0.05, CFI =0.99, GFI = 0.94, AGFI=0.90) and the 3-factors model of Perfectionism was confirmed: High standard (α = .77), Order (α = .72), and Discrepancy (α = .91). The Almost perfect scale – revised Thai version demonstrated acceptable acceptability, reliability, and validity; Hence, it can be used in practice and research for assessing Perfectionism in Thai, academically gifted students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data warehouse technology is useful for managing large data. The purpose of them are analyzing organization’s datasets to formulate a strategy and direction of the organization. In this paper have present method of the development of data warehouse based on Ralph Kimball's methodology, starting from the study of the data source. Process of Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) until we finished to get for summary financial data warehouse of Faculty of Science, Naresuan University. That they have problem about reporting from OLTP database that use for large data of financial management system. We using the data warehouse which is an OLAP database instead report function to analyze and follow up on the disbursement process more conveniently. In the future, data warehouse technology can also be used to analyze data in other fields within the Faculty of Science as well.

Buddhist compassionate and transformational leadership are two models of leadership that have some similarities but are also distinct and may predict organizational outcomes through trust in the leader differently. The current study aimed to investigate and compare how Buddhist compassionate and transformational leadership would be related to organizational commitment through trust in the leader. Participants were 229 financial employees in Thailand. The four paper measurements, including Buddhist compassionate leadership, transformational leadership, trust in the leader, and commitment, were administered as a research instrument. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlational and Path Analysis. Results indicated that Buddhist compassionate and transformational leadership were correlated positively with trust in the leader (r = .75, .22, respectively) and organizational commitment (r = .25, .17, respectively) at .01 level of significance. The mediational analysis showed that trust in the leader exerted a partial positive mediating effect for both leadership models, with a stronger indirect effect (β = .253) for the Buddhist compassionate leadership model than for the transformational leadership model (β = .056). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the congruence of the effects of stressful situations on cognitive appraisal, transformative coping, self-esteem, and the resilience. The sample consisted of 300 students. The data were collected using a Likert questionnaire, with a reliability range of .80 to .92 and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM). The findings manifested that the model fitted with the empirical data (Chi-square = 146.92, df = 53 (p = .00), RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .05, CFI = .99, NFI = .98, GFI = .93, and Chi-square / df = 2.77). The direction and effect size of the path analysis found that stressful situations had a direct and positive influence on cognitive appraisal (β = .89, p < .05), and resilience (β = .21, p < .05). Also, stressful situations had an indirect positive influence on resilience through cognitive appraisal, transformative coping, and self- esteem ( β = . 61, p < . 05). Furthermore, cognitive appraisal had a directly positive influence on transformative coping (β = .84, p < .05). Transformative coping had a direct positive influence on self-esteem (β = .94, p < .05), and self-esteem had the most direct positive influence on resilience (β = .86, p < .05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drag queen is a culture influenced by other countries which is one of the self-expressions through persons’ personalities. The researcher focused on investigating definitions of Drag queen, the meaning of Drag queen towards people who dress in Drag queen, the process of value constitution, and the using of Drag queen to improve oneself. This study applied transcendental phenomenology to acquire knowledge by studying the experiences of the informants. The results revealed that Drag queen is a form of expression that allows actors to freely create roles and personalities which depends on the parts that are missing from the minds of the research participants, such as the reflection of one's self, standing up for themselves, sending some message to society, etc. Mentally influenced the informants and fulfilled the missing part. Drag queen also released the informants from bondages though the personality in which they developed to be an identity which came from experiences, interests, and inspirations that want to express to society with no gender limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research were to study psychosocial factors predicting teacher’s roles in promoting non-violent behavior of students and to study the interaction between psychosocial factors related to the role of teachers in promoting non-violent behavior of students in Bangkok. The samples were 400 secondary school teachers in Bangkok during academic year 2021 which were selected by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire consists of 9 sections of 6 points Likert Scale with overall alpha coefficient of .927. The statistic used in the analysis were multiple regression analysis and two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that psychosocial factors were able to predict the role of teachers in promoting non-violent behavior by 79.1%. Social support had a significant effect on the role of teachers in promoting non-violent behavior among students. The variables related to teacher's role in promoting nonviolent behavior among students were teacher spirit (b = .39), empathy (b = .29), social support (b = .22) and empathy attitude towards teachers’ role in behavior promotion non-violent behavior (b = .10). These variables are significant for the development of teachers' role in promoting nonviolent behavior among students. The policy implication is education agencies should promote psychosocial factors related to teacher’s roles in promoting non-violent behavior of students to foster positive learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quasi-experimental research aims to study the effectiveness of a blended counseling program on the social skills of 16 schizophrenic patients, who were defined as patients diagnosed by a physician according to the criteria for classification of schizophrenia between February and April and without the factors related to other co-morbidities and substance abuse. They were randomly assigned to a random assignment group of eight people and a control group of eight people. The data were collected using a five-point scale questionnaire with a confidence value of 0.9, then analyzed with non-parametric statistics The Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare their social skills scores. The results of this research study showed that schizophrenic patients who participated in the integrated counseling program had significantly higher social skills at p < .01 than those who did not participate in the counseling program. The blended counselors had significantly higher social skills than before joining the program at p < .01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to study the multilevel causal factors affecting collaborative learning of high school students. The sample consisted of 545 high school students from 108 study groups in world-class standard schools which selected by multi-stage random sampling. The questionnaires was developed by the researcher from the operational definitions derived from the theories and research concept of the scholars which acceptance criteria were considered for item discrimination (.291-.890), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (.843-.956), confirmatory factor analysis, multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, inter-rater agreement, and inter-rater reliability. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used for data analysis. The results revealed that the modified multilevel model was fitted with the empirical data (χ² = 640.898, df = 402, χ²/df = 1.594, CFI = .965, TLI = .959, RMSEA = .033, SRMR (Within) = .033, SRMR (Between) = .066). At the group level, group efficacy had a direct effect on collaborative group learning, and group emotional intelligence had an indirect effect on collaborative group learning through group efficacy. At the individual level, self-efficacy, attitude toward collaborative learning, saraniyadhamma 6, and achievement motivation had a direct effect on collaborative learning, and emotional intelligence had an indirect effect on collaborative learning through self-efficacy, attitude toward collaborative learning and saraniyadhamma 6. In addition, collaborative group learning had a cross-level effect on collaborative learning. Therefore, in organizing activities where students collaborated in groups together, administrators or teachers should promote the development of such important factors that enable students to learn together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents the design and fabrication of a semi-automatic paper petal compression machine with a pneumatic system to crease paper petals for making artificial flowers. The description comprises the procedures of defining operating characteristics for the machine, drawing its function diagram, designing the pneumatic circuit and the electrical circuit, calculating and choosing the dimensions of pneumatic components, and studying optimum paper petal compression conditions and appearances of creases on the paper petals. The machine can be used to compress the paper petals in four positions at the same time. The experimental materials were the paper of 55 and 65 gsm which was cut in the petal shape. The experiments were done by rolling 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 pieces of paper petals into hollow cylinders of which four rolls of those with the same number of paper petals were compressed simultaneously at the operating pressure of 0.6 MPa. The results showed that the machine could be used to compress the paper petals of 55 gsm to provide quite noticeable and consistent creases in the range of 6 to 14 pieces per roll, while the paper petals of 65 gsm were in the range of 6 to 12 pieces per roll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes urban flood vulnerability using a vulnerability index which consists of four vulnerability issues encompassing social, economic, environmental and physical issues. The study was carried out by selecting variables affecting the flood vulnerability, collecting and analyzing corresponding data, developing equations for computing the flood vulnerability indices, and calculating the corresponding indices. Comparison of the flood vulnerability was made using data from three cities, namely, Hat Yai, Chiang Mai and Ubon Ratchathani. The results showed that the cities ranged from highest to lowest flood vulnerability were Chiang Mai, Hat Yai, and Ubon Ratchathani. In addition, Chiang Mai is considered to be the most vulnerable to social and environmental issues while Hat Yai is most vulnerable to the economic issues and Ubon Ratchathani is most vulnerable to the physical issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]