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The aim of this research was to identify the fungal species contaminated on rubber sheets in Ubon Ratchathani including Mueang, Khueang Nai, Trakan Phuet Phon and Nam Yuen Districts. The efficiency of cinnamon essential oil used for inhibiting the growth of fungi isolated from the rubber sheets was also investigated and compared with captan. The results showed that 5 species were the most fungi found on the rubber sheets. Aspergillus flavus was the most, followed by Penicillium citrinum and A. tamari, respectively. Paper disc diffusion was used to determine the effect of cinnamon oil to inhibit the growth of P. citrinum and A. flavus. The results showed that cinnamon oil could inhibit the growth of P. citrinum and A. flavus at the minimum concentration of 25,000 ppm with the inhibition zone of 14.47 and 9.62 mm, respectively. Moreover, it was found that cinnamon oil was an effective compound in inhibiting the growth of two fungal species better than captan. The difference was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the use of digital media motivates change in ideas and human learning. With the advantages of the digital media, it has been therefore creatively applied to several research projects for bringing benefits to society. In this paper, the indigo fabric in SakonNakhon Province was used as a case study for creating the infographics and the 2D animations, which generally appear on social networks. Those media interestingly and distinctly present the story and importance of the indigo fabric in SakonNakhon Province. The results of evaluation by the digital media shows that they have creativity and can be used to conserve and introduce the products made of indigo fabric in Sakon Nakhon Province. Furthermore, the developed digital media is attractive and provides entertainment to the audience. The average satisfaction rating of the proposed media, obtained from the assessors, was at a very high level (4.61). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of/(-Nearest Neighbors (/cNN) algorithm for recognizing handwritten character scripts is presented in this survey paper. The kNN algorithm, the simple and well-known algorithm for machine learning, is suitable for classification scheme. According to the/cNN algorithm, unknown data is firstly compared with the training samples to compute the similarity function. The most similar k neighbors, which have the smallest distance values, are subsequently selected by using the majority vote. The unknown data is then assigned by determining the number of its occurrences in each class. The most frequent class in k neighbors is finally selected as the output of the classifier. เท this survey, it is found that the handwritten character datasets are collected from the different types of handwriting, including different character sets with the similar structure, a variety of the handwriting styles, incomplete handwritten characters and insufficient number of handwritten character samples. These factors have a directl impact on the performance of the handwritten character recognition. Thus, the robust feature extraction techniques for handwritten recognition can be combined with the/cNN algorithm in order to obtain the effective recognition performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents the application of a fuzzy logic system for evaluating students' learning achievement. It study the principles and the configurations behind the fuzzy logic system such as membership function, If-then rule base, linguistic variable and illustrates how. These principles could be applied by educators for evaluating students. เท this system student performance depends on exam paper results and it is evaluated only as success or failure. เท addition, the researchers also compared the fuzzy evaluation method with classical method and t-score method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile banking (m-banking) is an online banking service via a smartphone application. It is an alternative to internet banking (i-banking), which uses a web based application via a web browser. เท comparison to i-banking, m-banking has been seen as safer and securer. However, several bank-hacking crimes have been reported during the last few years. So, several previous studies analyzed the i-banking security/safety issues. Yet, most of them have not yet focused on m-banking. Some of them have investigated m-banking only on the technical (security) merits but not the management (safety) side. Significantly, most of them have not yet analyzed according to the following critical points occurred crime cases, detailed observation on the real services, experiments to break the real mobile banking systems on the user side. Hence, in this paper, we propose to analyze both safety & security and cover all the aforementioned significant points. By investigating six banks in Thailand, we have found several weaknesses of the m-banking systems. The contribution from this work can provide direction to improve the security and safety of the m-banking systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemo-informatics is a recent development in the field of chemistry. It has helped scientists develop various chemical structures using computers, leading to the solution of some intricate problems in chemistry, including in medical chemistry. Objective: The mapping of literature in chemo-informatics was performed to reveal publication trends, authorship trends, core journals, and collaborative authors at the national, international, and institutional levels. The annual growth rate revealed the growth pattern of publications. The data of collaboration was visualized using the VOS Viewer tool. Methodology: The methodology used for this study was citation analysis of the publications downloaded from the SCOPUS database for the years 2017 to 2022. A total of 1425 data items were downloaded based on the keywords used for searching. Out of these 1425 after cleaning the data, only 1,413 citations were used for further study. Out of these 1,413 citations, 13 citations were anonymous so they were also ignored for authorship analysis. Findings: The findings of the study were that the annual growth rate of publications as shown by the highest number of publications (276) was in 2021 and the lowest 195 (13.80%) in 2018. Articles (65.46%) were the preferred publications by the authors. Multiple author (5 or more) publications show the prevalence of teamwork, which was further substantiated by the Av. Collaboration Index of 4.48; Av. Degree of collaboration was .0926 and Av. collaboration coefficient was .0179. J. Medina-Franco of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México was the most prolific author with 53 publications during the 5 years of the study period. The Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling headed the list of publications with 48 publications while the Journal of Chemical Education received the highest number of citations (1052). In the list of countries with maximum contribution, the USA headed the list with 327 publications receiving 7735 citations. The international link strength was 211, which iswas revealed by the International Cooperation Index (ICI) of 64.52. China was placed in second place in international collaboration. All these papers could be only b possible through the use of computers, as the 21st century has allowed the use of computers in general studies which have become precursors to develop various models and theories based on computers. The present study reveals the collaborative nature of research which is very much prevalent nowadays and which can also be seen in the visualization report. The study also reveals that authors are adopting team research and have a wider perspective of their research.

An accurate method of diagnosis is needed as lung disease spreads around the globe. Since the virus spreads so quickly, diagnosing lung disease can be challenging for medical professionals. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are what set clinical diagnosis apart because they typically depend on a doctor's skill and knowledge. This is the most challenging aspect of diagnosing COVID-19 and pneumonia patients. Therefore, for the time being, this technology's major objective is to create a way to detect lung problems early and stop the virus from spreading quickly. This system offers a categorization framework for a challenging image analysis task in the medical field, where chest X-ray images are assessed. The pre-trained Alex Net is utilized to generate the feature map that was taken from the x-ray image. The LSTM model models the extracted feature map to extract a feature vector for a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to categorize lung diseases. In the method of convolutional neural network (CNN) classification, a large number of layers, values, thresholds, and parameters are required to be defined for classification. Since the pre-trained Alex Net is used in our proposed framework, the parameter values for CNN don’t need to be defined, reducing processing time effectively. This paper proposes the modeling of feature maps using LSTM and the application of machine learning techniques gave the accuracy of 98.8% for the categorization of lung diseases in the form of 10-fold cross validation. Three diseases are distinguished in the proposed framework: normal, viral pneumonia, and COVID-19. In experiments, accuracy, true positive, false negative, positive predictive, and false discovery rates are used to evaluate classifier performance.

In this research, we introduce three novel sequences of γn, αn and βn. These sequences are related to each other through the recurrence relation, and we have observed that their relationship can be expressed using k-Fibonacci sequences. To prove this relationship, we used mathematical induction. We have shown the validity of our theorem, and the results are presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several different end-user devices have to authenticate to an egress NAC system prior to granting network access. Nevertheless, enforcing the system to control these devices in a large-scale multi-hop network presents a number of challenges in three main factors including capacity, fl exibility, and validity. Firstly, many open source systems provide insuffi cient capacity to serve the large amount of users. Secondly, several proprietary solutions may reduce the fl exibility of the enforcement. Lastly, due to the Thailand Computer Crime Act of 2007, the failure of collecting valid user MAC addresses into log fi les is still the notable problem in most systems. Hence, this paper proposes the development of an egress NAC system to enhance the aforementioned factors. The experimental results have indicated that our system can effectively provide the capacity under the huge number of concurrent connections. The development outcomes have demonstrated that the system is fl exible especially in achieving complete enforcement without disrupting the network. Furthermore, the system can also store valid log data of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal module (SPVT) is a solar module that can generats electricity, heat and part of sun light through the module while operating, which is beneficial for improving of solar utilization per area of the module. This paper presents the effects of the natural and force flow patterns on the efficiency of the SPVT module. The 100 W SPVT module had an area of 0.72 m2 and was designed, studied and experimented at Mahasarakham University. The solar module temperature, water temperature, ambient temperature, solar irradiation and electrical parameters were measured every 15 minutes. The analysis of results showes that the water with active flow pattern induces a module temperature lower than in the passive flow pattern. The active flow of water at 0.02 kg/s causes maximum electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and overall efficiency of SPVT module by 12.37%, 49.36% and 62.09% respectively. Moreover, thedSPVT module provides sufficient illuminance for the general area during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research were to synthesize research on Curriculum Assessment of Mahasarakham University from 2002-2021. The population used in this research was 13 curriculum assessment research papers from 2002-2021 from a search in the computer database of the Office of Academic Resources, Mahasarakham University. The research instrument was a research data synthesis data form for university curriculum evaluation. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and content analysis.The findings of this research were:1. Preliminary information of the research. Most of them are curricular assessment research. Master’s degree in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University, 6 volumes, 46.15 percent. Most of the research objectives were for the study of master’s degree programs, totaling 11 books (84.62 percent).2. The results of the content synthesis of curricular assessment research showed that most of them used the Zip-style assessment format, 9 volumes (69.23 percent) consisted of evaluating the context of the curriculum. For evaluation of course inputs, the course process and evaluating course output. Most of the people used in the research study with instructors of 12 books or 92.31 percent, followed by students with 10 books or 76.92 percent, graduates of 5 books or 38.46 percent, and graduate users of 4 books, accounted for 30.77 percent of the tools used to collect data. Most of them were interviews of 10 volumes, representing 76.92 percent, followed by questionnaires of 8 books, accounting for 61.54 percent, and the number of experts in the review of research tools. It was found that most of them were experts, numbering 5 people, 9 books, representing 69.23 percent, followed by the number of experts, 3 people, 3 books, accounting for 23.08 percent.The results of the synthesis research on curriculum evaluation will be used as a supporting information for the preparation of guidelines for determining the format of the assessment methods of the university’s courses.

This paper offers finding the syllabus segmentations from palm leaf manuscripts. This system can be used to provide for enhancing palm leaf manuscripts are taken by high quality resolution digital camera. The Vector Neural Network is that object location can be determined by clustering points of interest and hierarchically forming candidate of palm leaf manuscript regions according to similarity and spatial proximity predicates. This system can be used to optimize two factors: RGB background colors and number of vertical lines or horizontal lines to choose candidate area. Moreover, Parametric Vector Neural Network performs better accuracy and less calculation time than other traditional methods. This system can be applied to segmentation of candidate area which includes text. The results of the research can be used as an input image to implement an OCR system to provide information of being existence for their related fields. Neural network ensemble techniques have been shown to be very accurate classification techniques. However, in some real-life applications, a number of classifiers required to achieve a reasonable accuracy is enormously large and hence very space consuming. This paper introduces special neural method, Vector Neural Network (VNN), which has great associative memory and high performance. Parametric VNN analyzed using various size of database having randomly created patterns, noise levels, and fixed q-dimensions. The result shows that it has capacity much greater than conventional Neural Networks

The Satin Bowerbird Optimization (SBO) is a recently developed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm which was inspired by the Satin Bowerbirds living in Australia's rainforests and other mesic habitats. Like other meta-heuristic algorithms, the main problem faced by the SBO is that it has been empirically demonstrated to become easily trapped into local optimal solutions, creating low precision and slow convergence speeds. Therefore, in an effort to enhance global convergence speeds and in order to obtain a better performance, this paper introduces the chaos theory into the SBO optimization process. Various chaotic maps were considered in the proposed Chaotic-SBO (CSBO) method in order to replace the main parameter's greatest step size (), which assists in controlling both exploration and exploitation. The proposed CSBO methods are benchmarked within the CEC2014 test problems. The numerical results show that these novel algorithms improve the chaotic maps, especially in the Tent map, as well as improving the performance of the original Satin Bowerbird Optimization Algorithm. Specifically, the CSBO10(Tent) achieved the best performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to study the removal efficiency of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water by microfiltration membrane (model HVLP2932A). The filtration experiments were determined using a dead-end filtration membrane. Factors studied were the operating pressures, ionic strengths, and combined solutions between EfOM and NOM using the solution ratio (EfOM:NOM) of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1. Experimental results showed that increased operating pressure resulted in increased solution flux and removal of organic matter. Increased ionic strength caused an increase in flux decline and exhibited an increase in organic matter removal. The experimental ratio of EfOM to NOM at 3:1 provided the highest organic removal efficiency of 32.1%. In addition, the experimental results indicated that combined EfOM and NOM solutions caused significant differences in flux decline. It was found that an increased EfOM ratio enhanced greater flux decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The open-pollinated eggplant seeds that are mainly produced germination and low vigor due to several reasons including invasion of fungi. Thus, fungi eradication prior to seedling is crucial. One of the most popular and widely used methods in the seed industry is to coat seeds in combination with antifungal agents to prevent fungi in the seedling stage and make the seeds germinate more evenly, making them easier to handle after planting. However coating agents used in the seed industry must be imported from abroad and harmful chemical antifungal agents are used. This research aimed to study the appropriate coating formula for open-pollinated eggplant seed coatings with clove essential oils to prevent contamination by fungi. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry, Surin Rajabhat University. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was conducted to determine the suitable seed coating ratio between a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) and rate 1% clove essential oil. The results indicated that 5 grams of PVP K-90 with 1% of clove essential oil was easily water soluble and had suitable viscosity, coating the entire seed so that the seeds did not stick together, This resulted in 84% of the germination and germination index of 9.23 which was higher than uncoated seeds. Moreover, only 2% of the coated seed became infected by the fungus Aspergillus flavus compared to 80.75% of fungus Aspergillus flavus uncoated seed. The coated seeds was able to control fungus up to 77.50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Fei Wo Si Cun’s Dong Gong, the author tells the story of the female protagonist who is from a different ethnic group. The story focuses on her love tragedy caused by the violence and crime the male protagonist commits against her ethnic group. The aim of this paper is to analyze the female protagonist’s suicide by using psychological concepts such as memory loss and betrayal trauma as a means of explaining the action. It was found that the female protagonist deals with the issue of ethnic extinction by choosing death as a solution in two instances, one metaphorical, the other literal. The first is death through oblivion by jumping into the ‘River of Forgetfulness’ so that the river erases all her memories of loss and pain, which will lead to rebirth without racial bonds. However, such memories come back to haunt her as she cannot give up or abandon her ethnic group. Her recollection of violence and pain serves to disclose the conflict between loyalty to her ethnic group and romantic love. In the end, the female protagonist chooses suicide again to show her rebellion and refusal to fall under the mandate of the male protagonist who invaded and destroyed her ethnic group. Such presentation emphasizes the existence of other ethnic groups.

This research paper aims to study the characteristics of ecosystems landscape on the existence of marine life so as to aesthetically create a landscape painting by studying the wetlands at Thale Noi Waterfowl Park in Phatthalung Province. This is a natural way of life with ecological and cultural balance in the interactive dimension of surroundings such as humans, aquatic animals, water buffaloes, floating plants, waterfowl families, etc.The results of this creative research revealed that; - 1) Ecosystem characteristics and the landscape of all living things involved in the way of life of the wetlands at Thale Noi, represent the meaning of “The Living Space” compared as “The Breadbasket”, which is the center and the source of life in the ecological and cultural dimensions as far as the natural ecology is concerned. This can be seen through the relationship maintenance and the changing the circle of life between living things adapted to the environment, 2) It is important to create works of visual art through appearance based on an interpretation of representative images showing the aesthetic beauty 2.1) Creating meaning through the content, shapes of plants and the symbolic animals important. 2.2) Creating meaning can be achieved through color atmosphere, screen printing technique and digital art.

This paper presents the methodology of the de-soldering process for rework of disk drive Head Stack Assembly (HSA) units. The auto wire feeder is a machine that generates Tin (Sn) on the product. This machine was determined to be one of the major sources of excess Sn on the HSA. The defect rate due to excess Sn is more than 30%, which leads to increased processing time and cost to perform additional cleaning steps. From process analysis, the major causes of excess Sn are as follows: 1) The machine cannot cut the wire all the way into the flux core area; 2) The sizes and types of soldering irons are not appropriate for the unit parts; and, 3) There are variations introduced into the de-soldering process by the workforce. This paper proposes a methodology to address all three of these causes. First, the auto wire feeder machine in the de-solder process will be adjusted in order to cut wires into flux core. Second, the types of equipment and material used in de-soldering will be optimized. Finally, a new standard method for operators, which can be controlled more easily, will be developed in order to reduce defects due to workforce related variation. After these process controls and machine adjustments were implemented, the overall Sn related problems were significantly improved. Sn contamination was reduced by 41% and cycle time was reduced by an average of 15 seconds.

This paper aims to answer to what extent Medical terms translation guidelines from Chinese into Thai a word that presumably appears in no dictionary. Unfamiliar as the word may appear statusy is a perfectly analyzable formation for. The researcher studied the translation of medical terminology in signs and symptoms of diseases according to medicine based on the principles of translation on human anatomy and physiology and including translations,explanations from medical books and dictionaries. The different types of tactics used to convey meaning were also analysed. The collected data was only the interpretation strategies for analyzing the problems encountered in the perform translation operations to translation guidelines.The analysis used the process of translation or word-for-word translation. The results were two problems: 1. understanding of medical terminology 2. word choice in literary translation. The problems encountered and the solutions proposed by the researcher proposed were follows:- 1. problems in a medical translation is when there are words that need to be translated, having to check with dictionaries and documents that have medical-related content again 2. difficulties selecting a word for a translation and medical terminology, whenever a term made up of word parts is introduced, the definition is followed.

This research aimed to 1) study on the hues of cotton fabric dyed with Sappan Wood and natural mordants and 2) develop home textile products by applying cotton fabric dyed with Sappan Wood and natural mordants. The hues were measured as color strength (K/S) on the cotton fabric after dyeing using three methods. 1) pre-mordant method, 2) simultaneous mordant method and 3) post-mordant method using natural mordants in the process. And also when Sappan Wood was dyed dyeing without any mordants. Product development was started by considering the variety of fabric hues after dyeing, leading to the design and sewing of product prototypes used to evaluate the quality from experts and then to improve it to achieve a quality product prototype. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the K/S values on cotton dyed under all conditions. We also investigated the mean () and standard deviation (S.D.) of consumer satisfaction with the product prototype. We found that dyeing cotton fabric with only Sappan Wood results in a brown-orange hue (the average of K/S is 1.17) while using acid mordants (Sompoi pod juice and Tamarin juice) produced a brown-yellow hue with the highest K/S value between 0.62 and 1.49. Using alkaline mordants (Lime water and Ash water) yielded a purple-pink-red hue with the highest K/S value of 1.18, and the lowest of 0.39. Overall, color fastness to washing was moderate-good. The color fastness to rubbing in both wet and dry conditions was a minimal amount of color stain on standard cotton cloth. However, the color fastness to light was the lowest. The prototypes of five pillows were designed using the patchwork technique. Fifty samples had total satisfaction of 4.17 at a high level. In this regard, the product prototypes were applied to be transferred to the target community enterprises with a workshop on sewing pillows by using cotton fabric dyed with Sappan Wood and natural mordants as the main material. The target group can apply the from our studies of product design, the fabric hue selection, principles, and methods of tailoring the patchwork technique to have quality and be able to extend their product to be demanded in the green market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, used aluminum beverage cans were recycled and chemical composition of an aluminum alloy ingot obtained from the recycled cans was examined by emission spectroscopy. The ingots were remelted at 750 °C, and then 0.25 wt.% Si, 0.5 wt.% Si, 1.5 wt.% Mg and 3 wt.% Mg powders were added to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast recycled aluminum alloy and recycled Al-Mg-Si alloy at different Si and Mg contents were investigated via optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness tester, and universal testing machine (UTM). The results revealed that the microstructure of the recycled aluminum alloy ingot consisted of Al-Mg-Mn solid solution and four different secondary phases: Al19(Fe3SiMn), Al33(Fe3SiMn), Al11(Fe2Mn), and Al19(Mg2Si) phase. The hardness and tensile strength of the recycled aluminum alloy increased with the addition of Si and Mg powders. As the Mg content increased from 1.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%, the volume fraction of the Al19(Mg2Si) secondary phase increased. The experimental results indicated that the addition of Si and Mg can modify the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the recycled aluminum alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the artificial intelligence rebellion, barely any innovation has been meliorated as quickly as biometrics. Fingerprint, iris, and face are popular digital identities, routinely integrated into common devices and portable gadgets to empower a quick and secure authentication. The uniqueness and ease of use of biometrics have subrogated traditional authentication, such as password and powered up the confidence of users conducting online transactions and using mobile devices in the new normal era. The authentication systems are actuated by image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The performance of these systems are highly affected by the quality of the acquired input where noisy images, poor pathological samples, and less controlled surroundings are major challenges to overcome. An innovative and attractive alternative is the machine learning based authentication. The intelligence and efficiency of authentication process can be increased while processing time and complication processes are lessen without program adjustment. Therefore, this academic article was composed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the top three aforementioned biometrics. Empirical evidences on the breakthrough of machine learning based authentication systems were presented. The benefits lie in providing solutions for those who are looking for the appropriate, cost-effective and efficient security technology for booking accommodation with a host, accessing bank account, applying for government benefits, accepting a new friend request on social media or any online interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring density changes during transportation of composite fillers is the principal reason for composite industries implementing the tapped density concept. Till date, very sparse literature information exists on tapped density optimisation for orange peel particles (OPPs). A unique application of grey relational analysis (GRA) in the optimisation of tapped process parameters for OPPs is contributed in this paper. Experimental results on the principal process parameters indicate G1H1I2J3 as the best experimental run, which translates to 257.956 g and 78.076 cm3 as well as 254.939 g and 72.94 cm3 for masses and volumes of the 0.425 and 0.600 mm OPPs, respectively. In addition, Taguchi method was applied to arrive at an optimal parametric setting of G2H2I1J1 for comparative purposes which translate to 257.723 g and 75.031 cm3 for mass and volume of the 0.425 OPPs, as well as 254.952 g and 77.982 cm3 for the mass and volume of 0.600 mm OPPs. By comparison, the GRA values produced positive percentage improvement over other optimal values. The unique contribution of this paper are principally the (i) application of GRA in a novel manner, incorporating harmonic mean in factor-level determination and computation of S/N responses; (ii) development of new indices of tapped density; and (iii) introduction of economic factors in tapped density computations, incorporating inflation and interest factors. The practical utility of the demonstrated approach lies in reducing the uncertainties about density measurements in the transportation of green fillers for use as composite reinforcements.

This paper presents the continuous sampling plan CSP-100 that was developed from the continuous sampling plans CSP-1, CSP-4 and CSP-C. The objective of this paper is to apply the continuous sampling plan for the new CSP-100 plan proving a reduction in the delivery inspection time compared to the single lot sampling plan (SSP) while maintaining the same or greater quality conformance. This CSP-100 was studied in Hard Disc Drive manufacturing. The parameters used in the CSP-100 plan are as follows; i (the number of consecutive conforming units), f (the sampling frequency of partial number in 100% inspected units) and c (the acceptance number). CSP-100 computes four performance measures, Average Fraction Inspected (AFI), Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ), Lot Acceptance Rate (LAR) and Defective Parts Per Million (DPPM). The advantage of this CSP-100 plan is not only to reduce the inspection time but also prove higher productivity numbers when compared with SSP. The verified results of using the CSP-100 plan proved a reduced inspection time of 6,722,702 minutes or 15% compared to SSP. CSP-100 also eliminates the work stations and transportation processes due to the inspection area and inspectors are no longer required. The Function Out of Box Audit (FOBA) is introduced to monitor the CSP-100 performance. The FOBA audit results confirm that the CSP-100 maintains the same good quality level as the SSP. The excellent results of implementing the CSP-100 show a reduction in the inspection cost by 3,693,730.04 baht or 60.40% compared to SSP, as well as the additional cost savings by no longer needing to purchase a new tester; a savings of ~44 million baht. The CSP-100 plan also eliminates the issue of delayed delivery that is part of the SSP process. Moreover it is a better choice in inspecting the continuous quality process in Hard Disc Drive manufacturing.

This research studied the essence of Isan dance by Chaweewan Phanthu, a national artist. Its purpose was. - 1) to study the development in the performing arts of Chaweewan Phanthu, and 2) to study the essence of Isan dance of Chaweewan Phanthu. We reviewed research papers and field data from the sample group of 33 people comprising a group of 7 experts, 6 practitioners, and 20 general informants. Research instruments were a survey, an observation form, an interview form that was both structured and unstructured. The results were presented using descriptive methods. It was found that. - 1) Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu was born in the Mor Lam family and was trained since a young age by many master Mor Lam artists from the Isan region, such as MorLam Chalee Damnoen, MorLam Khampha Ritthit, MorLam Boonpeng Pewchaiand Mor Lam Khampun Fungsuk etc. These artists had a graceful personality and melodious intonation that has 25 layers of detailed tremolo, and also aunique melody and style. These musicians are the ones who perfectly preserves the traditional Isan dance posture. 2) the essence of Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu’s Isan folk dance is “bow low, wide dance, don’t hold back”, a definition that is at the heart of the Isan dance that has stipulated the holistic aspect of the Isan dance as a model for performing the gestures of the dance. The definition of Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu consequently leads to a role that is said to be a “beautiful dance” originating from the process of knowledge and ability in Isan dance, arising from the accumulated experience and expertise. It has been formed into a skill and distinctive character of using the body from the head, hands, arms, shoulders, body, and feet, which are components of the dance style that reflects the local Isan aesthetic.

Speed limits in accordance with environment and road functions have been used as a fundamental tool for speed management and road safety. This paper presents literatures review of speed limits measure and results from the study on speed limits problem and driver attitude toward the speed limit and speed control measure. Area of study is on the arterial road where the Mittaprab Highway passed through Khon Kaen City. The study found that improper designation of road functions is the main cause of complexity and difficulty on safety management. It suggests more researches on speed limit setting methods to accommodate the road conditions of the country. In order to increase effectiveness of speed limits measure, this paper suggests transportation-related authorities to classify this area to be the urban arterial road, to set proper speed limits, and to modify the road environment in accordance with its function. More measures to enhance speed limit effectiveness and to reduce accident are included automatic speed control devices, speed limits warning signs, and advertisement signs to use the bypass route. These could enhance the effective speed management program.

The objective of this research is a reduction of an adhesive stain defect in flexible printed circuit board in hot pressing process, the electronic factory. The manufacturing have been processing by sheet type of products with ninety-six pieces of flexible printed circuit boards. Causes of the problem include the before and internal hot pressing process. In process beginning times, the most right row of products between the cooling plate and the hot pressing machine has temperature 71.2◦C that is higher than glass transition temperature (Tg) 60◦C. Those products’ temperature lead to evaporate a polyimide adhesive before hot pressing process beginning. The internal hot pressing process include the preheat times and the pressure time. In the preheat time the problem is a gap between lower and upper plate, was under specification (Under 1 mm) and leaded to adhesive polyimide stain. In the actuality this time requires temperature and low pressure that mean a gap within 1 – 2 mm (between lower and upper plate). In pressure times the hot pressing plate surface is not flat and products are pressed by insufficient force that it lead to generate an adhesive stain on flexible printed circuit boards. That force is measured by the pre-scale paper and a result, RGB color, is provided. And then color density (From standard color sample) and RGB color (From pre-scale paper) is found out the relation by Photoshop program and multiple regression theory using. The formula is applied to compare with defect so as to find out the suitable color density (Defects reducing). The solving solutions is provided including the gap reduced adjustment between cooling plate and hot pressing machine before hot pressing process, the plate adjustment within specification in the preheat time and the pressing plate polishing in the pressure time. Results of study and solving are provide defect reduction from 24.4 percentage to 7.2 percentage of total study product.

This paper presents a reconfiguration technique for distribution system with distributed generation (DG) using Firefly algorithm (FA). The objective is to minimize total power losses of the system. In this paper, the technique is tested on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. The result shows that the method can be applied to practical system using switching for reconfiguration. In comparison to the other techniques, it is also capable to find good solution. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to the other reconfiguration techniques.

A two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) which uses mathematical linear programming techniques is applied to evaluate the efficiency of a system composed of two relational sub-processes, by which the outputs from the first sub-process (as the intermediate outputs of the system) are the inputs for the second sub-process. The relative efficiencies of the system and its sub-processes can be measured by applying the two-stage DEA. According to the literature review on the supply chain management, this technique can be used as a tool for evaluating the efficiency of the supply chain composed of two relational sub-processes. The technique can help to determine the inefficient sub-processes. Once the inefficient sub-process was improved its efficiency, it would result in better aggregate efficiency of the supply chain. This paper aims to present a procedure for evaluating the efficiency of the supply chain by using the two-stage DEA, under the assumption of constant returns to scale, with an example of internal supply chain efficiency measurement of insurance companies by applying the two-stage DEA for illustration. Moreover, in this paper the authors also present some observations on the application of this technique.

This paper explores the model of drainage suitability using time series forecasting techniques. The purpose is to study statistical forecasting techniques suitable for time series data. The model of water drainage suitability was compared by using 4 methods forecasting techniques were Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Moving Average (MA), Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) and Holt-Winters’ Exponential Smoothing. In this research, which are drainage information form Rama VI Dam, Pha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya in the experiment. Measurement of forecast with 3 methods were Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The experiments showed that the of the lowest drainage prognosis was Predictive value by Holt-Winters’ exponential smoothing, which was = 0.068, with the values of = 3, MAPE= 0.882,MAPE = 0.051 and = 0.312. The secondary mean is with MAPE= 0.179. Simple exponential smoothing (SES) has a = 0.249 by setting = 0.3. Finally, a simple linear regression was used to obtainMAPE = 0.854. The Forecasted data were not used in 2015 by . The lowest value of MAPE= 0.033 indicates that the predictive value of this method is appropriate for the drainage pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a local descriptors approach to classify pornographic images. Two local descriptors including the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) are computed feature vectors from pornographic images. The extracted features are supplied to the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm and Support Vector Machine for pornographic image classification. We have evaluated all different methods on the TI-UNRAM dataset. The results show that the HOG and the SIFT combined with the SVM significantly outperform the other methods, including KNN algorithm and image processing technique. Thus, the local descriptors approach can be combined with the SVM for pornographic image classification in order to obtain the effective classification performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an efficient technique for improving the efficiency of Thai error correction system by using memetic algorithm. In this paper, the token passing algorithm is used for constructing word graph and the language model is used checking the correct sentence. The correction process starts with word graph construction from token passing algorithm, then the correct sentence are searched by memetic algorithm with the best fitness function from language model. For a long sentence from the token passing algorithm, a search space is very huge which can be resolved by using memetic algorithm. The memetic algorithm is used for searching the correct sentence in order to reduce the analysis time. The performance of the proposed method are evaluated and compared to the full search and genetic algorithm. From the experimental results show that the proposed method performs very well and yields better performance more than the compared method. The proposed method can search the best sentence accurately and quickly.

The objective of this research is a reduction of an adhesive stain defect in flexible printed circuit board in hot pressing process, the electronic factory. The manufacturing have been processing by sheet type of products with ninety-six pieces of flexible printed circuit boards. Causes of the problem include the before and internal hot pressing process. In process beginning times, the most right row of products between the cooling plate and the hot pressing machine has temperature 71.2◦C that is higher than glass transition temperature (Tg) 60◦C. Those products’ temperature lead to evaporate a polyimide adhesive before hot pressing process beginning. The internal hot pressing process include the preheat times and the pressure time. In the preheat time the problem is a gap between lower and upper plate, was under specification(Under 1 mm) and leaded to adhesive polyimide stain. In the actuality this time requires temperature and low pressure that mean a gap within 1 – 2 mm (between lower and upper plate). In pressure times the hot pressing plate surface is not flat and products are pressed by insufficient force that it lead to generate an adhesive stain on flexible printed circuit boards. That force is measured by the pre-scale paper and a result, RGB color, is provided. And then color density (From standard color sample) and RGB color (From pre-scale paper) is found out the relation by Photoshop program and multiple regression theory using. The formula is applied to compare with defect so as to find out the suitable color density (Defects reducing). The solving solutions is provided including the gap reduced adjustment between cooling plate and hot pressing machine before hot pressing process, the plate adjustment within specification in the preheat time and the pressing plate polishing in the pressure time. Results of study and solving are provide defect reduction from 24.4 percentage to 7.2 percentage of total study product.

Data warehouse technology is useful for managing large data. The purpose of them are analyzing organization’s datasets to formulate a strategy and direction of the organization. In this paper have present method of the development of data warehouse based on Ralph Kimball's methodology, starting from the study of the data source. Process of Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) until we finished to get for summary financial data warehouse of Faculty of Science, Naresuan University. That they have problem about reporting from OLTP database that use for large data of financial management system. We using the data warehouse which is an OLAP database instead report function to analyze and follow up on the disbursement process more conveniently. In the future, data warehouse technology can also be used to analyze data in other fields within the Faculty of Science as well.

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum factor of the hardening process of carbon steel. The study factors were quenching temperatures at 750, 800 and 830 °C, with 2 and 5 min of holding times, and the quenching media were oil and water. The hardness of the specimens was measured. It was found that the optimal conditions for hardening were at a hardening temperature of 764 °C, hardening for 5 minutes holding using oil quenching. It was found that the average hardness of workpieces was 48 HRC. It was also found that the quenching temperature affected the hardness of the work-piece but the holding times and the quenching medium did not affect the workpiece hardness at 0.05 significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to (1) design Problem-based Learning (PBL), (2) examine the learning achievement from PBL by (2.1) examining the achievement before and after using PBL (2.2) examining students’ learning outcome from PBL, and (3) examine students’ satisfaction towards PBL activities. The research samples included 54 high school students from Huay Rai Samakki School and Meng Rai Maharaj School, Chiang Rai. The research instruments were PBL activities, and a satisfaction evaluation form. This research employed mixed methods as research methodology. The result showed that (1) the 11 steps of employing PBL as learning activities could develop learning achievement of high school students. (2) the average achievement of high school students after learning activities by using PBL ( =8.50) was higher than the average achievement before using PBL( =6.11) with statistical significance at the 0.01 level. In terms of learning outcome, the students could reflect the ways of solving problems as the innovation from Thai identity including Thai Garland made from milk bags and carton, and Nah Chang Net (Thai Traditional Crafting Net) from waste magazine paper and straw. Finally, the research samples were satisfied to the highest level regarding using PBL as teaching and learning management ( =4.53) because the knowledge gained can be developed into different contexts of work subjects able to transfer the knowledge gained to others in the future.

This research aimed to analyze the relationship between folklore and cultural tourism and the ways of thinking about tourism creation from cultural capital by studying the data from paper and online resources and field research. The study revealed that the Pantainorasingh Shrine in Samutsakorn Province used “folklore” as the main channel to convey Pantainorasingh stories to appear concrete, outstanding, and harmonious. The types of folklore that were found are oral folklore, social folk customs, materials culture, folk arts, and “popular culture,” which could be communicated well with contemporaries. This folklore strongly reflects three types of cultural capital: human capital, appearance capital, and institutional capital. Therefore, Pantainorasingh Shrine is valued as a historical, aesthetical, academic, and social tourist attraction. The important ways of thinking about the creation of tourism from cultural capital are: finding strong points of cultural capital from the community, collaboration from all organizations, the presentation of Thai identity, the making of places to serve both the sacred and secular worlds, and the application of new media to communicate, reproduce, and present the new activities to serve urban people.

This paper aims to present a guideline on how to apply the empowerment evaluation concept in enhancing the teachers competency assessment using the three steps approach of Fetterman (2001, cited in Rattakunchai, 2010). Step 1 establishing mission or vision statement, step 2 taking stock and step, 3 planning for the future. This is a concept that educators have accepted and used to develop the potential of personnel to be able to plan for action and self-assessment. This concept is for continually improvement and development work. It can be called an assessment that has repercussions over time when teachers are evaluation capacity, an older limited assessment system will be replaced by 21st century learning assessment processes that aim to assess core subject knowledge, characteristics, and skills of the 21st century. The assessment emphasize on authentic assessment methods, using a variety of tools and giving feedback. It is provided to reflect the learner’s ability, weaknesses, strengths, and teacher’s teaching efficiency. Hence, we can use the results increasing the quality of education project further

According to the survey results, the top three causes of fire in Thailand: 1) garbage and hay burning, 2) short-circuit current, and 3) misuse of fuel. In this paper, a prototype innovation for reducing the fire problem caused by short-circuit current has been developed, called Smart Breaker. It has outstanding qualities, including the ability to see (IR and DHT11 Sensor), smell (MQ-2) and sense (PZEM 400T) the cause of a fire. It can also report anomalies from fire detections to property owners' smartphones to let them know before the damage escalates. The smart breaker applies Internet of Things technology (IoT) to develop the prototype. The result obtained from testing the prototype fire detection device shows that the fire detection accuracy is accurate (x̄ = 3.42) or 68.4 percent.

One element of organizational motivation is good welfare for employees and the welfare that every organization should consider providing for its employees is disbursement of medical expenseor This may include parents, spouses and children of the employee. This academic article aims to create an understanding of the organization and employees in providing welfare related to medical expenses, life insurance and health insurance including vaccination to prevent epidemic disease ; for example, COVID-19 by considering the maximum benefits that employees and the organization will receive in terms of taxes and duties under the revenue code. This paper studied and collected information from past research, relevant laws and discussed letters which involves medical welfare and other expenses mentioned above for the benefit of employees and the organization in terms of personal income tax and corporat iIncom income tax. In other words, medical income is exempt from personal income tax and employees are not required to be considered as assessable income under section 39 of the revenue code same as in organizations that provide welfare for employees can be treated as medical expenditures and also is not considered a prohibited expense under section 65 ter of the revenue code. Therefore, the organization needs to align medical welfare with the legal elements for the maximum benefit of taxation as follows. (1) The organization must define the reimbursement of medical expenses in the employee welfare regulations without discriminating against any person. (2) Employees must have evidence of medical expenses, such as receipts to prove that it has actually been paid and paid for it all, and (3) The organization must reimburse the employees for the medical expenses they actually paid on the basis of such evidencnd. Remember that, employee benefits of payment for health insurance in terms of corona- virus infection and vaccination fees for coronavirus infection are not considered a payment for medical treatment or vaccines for medical treatment. Therefore, it is not considered exempted income and employees have to take the benefits as assessable income subject to personal income tax. This does not include group insurance that the organization pays to employees, only for the portion that covers medical expenses. However, it does not include group insur- ance premiums that the organization pays to employees only for the portion that covers medical expenses, which is exempted from being regarded as the assessable income of the employee.

Check the list of attendance performs the interaction between teachers and students. There are many additional benefits to the classroom, such as encouraging class members' attendance to the classroom, gaining the behavior score, and making class members know each other. It is helpful to check the list of members in the classroom. Although, it wastes time in teaching, especially checking the list of members in the large classroom, for example, general education courses and introductory courses of each department. Nowadays, many teachers still record their attendance on paper. These may cause delays while processing the attendance data, sometimes loss the attendance data and deterioration. It is also difficult for students to check their classroom attendance. In this research, we proposed using information technology to help teachers to check the list of students in the Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University. The classroom attendance system could address the problems mentioned above. The proposed classroom attendance system was designed using responsive web technology. This system 1) allowed students to attend the classroom themself by using their smartphones and 2) allowed teachers to use the system to check the list of students. When teachers use the system to check classroom attendance, it benefits the students who do not have smartphones and have no internet connection on their smartphones. The proposed classroom attendance system could report the classroom attendance statistics in the numeric format and dashboard style. We then measure the satisfaction of users of the proposed classroom attendance system using a questionnaire. The satisfaction scale was measured at level 5. The results showed that The teachers' satisfaction with the system was at the highest level of satisfaction. The mean satisfaction value was 4.26 and a standard deviation value of 0.76. For the students, we found that the satisfaction level was very satisfactory. The average satisfaction value was 4.12, a standard deviation value of 0.79.

The research on the status of the organization structure system according to the Burapha University Act 2007 that affects good governance. With the objective of studying the status Organization structure system and operation of the University Council according to Burapha University Act2007 which affects the good governance and proposed guidelines for improvement and amendment of the Burapha University Act 2007, regulations, announcements and other related matters In the research study, it is a documentary research from the University Council minutes since 2008-2016 and analyze and synthesize the academic papers related to the University Council Found that Burapha University needs to improve Burapha University Act 2007 on issues related to the University Council. Especially the composition and number of the University Council members, The source of the President of the University Council and the University Council that must not cause conflicts in all aspects between the president and the university council The University Council must take into account its role as supervisor. Take care of university administration based on good governance. The administration of the university council must take into account the stakeholders involved with the university. Including the University Council must have an assessment system and monitor the operation of the University Council that makes acceptance Transparent and reliable both inside and outside the university.

This study investigated the GHG emission from 3 processes of white leg shrimp production in an intensive shrimp farm; namely, pond preparation, culturing and harvesting at the density of 50,000-60,000 individuals/rai in March-May 2019. The activity data such as energy and materials use, waste and water discharge were collected and greenhouse gas emission calculated. Results showed that overall GHG emission for 1 crop was 4.33 kgCO2eq/kg product for which the cultural stage produced the highest amount of 3.63 kgCO2e/kg. The use of electricity from aeration, auto feeding and lighting in the cultural stage was 83.58% of total GHG emission. If intermittence aeration was applied and the light bulbs were decreased in number and wattage, the total amount of GHG emission could be decreased by 9.88%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear cohypersubstitutions of type τ = (n) are mappings which map the n-ary co-operation symbols to linear coterms of type τ. Every linear cohypersubstitution σ of type τ = (n) induces a mapping ŝ on the set of all linear coterms of type τ. The set of all linear cohypersubstitutions of type τ under the binary operation ocoh which is defined by σ1 ocohσ2 := 1 o σ2 for all σ1 ,σ2 ∈ Cohyplin(n) forms a monoid. In this paper, we characterize Green’s relations on Cohyplin(n).

Human activity recognition using streaming data from the accelerometer sensor of smartphone is still an interesting issue for researchers. Most researches develop the recognition model based on personal model type which require the training data obtained from only user who will utilize the model. To prepare the training data, the user must perform various activities and annotate them within the specified time. This is a major inconvenience for the users. In this paper, we propose a new smartphone-based dynamic framework for physical activity recognition named “ISAR+”. The new framework is an impersonal (universal) model which can be built once and used on new users without requiring labeled training data from those users. Because the proposed model is adaptability with evolving data streams of each new user by using the incremental learning for real-time recognition. This work was validated the proposed model in terms of prediction accuracy and usage times on two public activity recognition datasets. The experimental results

Milk collection centers collect raw milk from farmers and measure both its quantity and quality. Both data are used to calculate payments to farmers. Daily operations at the center include quality assessment, i.e. alcohol test, methylene blue test and somatic cell count. Laboratory assessment includes pasteurized count, total solid and somatic cell count. At present, the results of assessment are manually recorded on paper and are then inserted into an Excel file for money calculation. The serious problem with this method is that their errors occur during manual recording, delaying the calculation process because the workers must trace back and correct the errors. This research aims at 1) developing an innovation for milk collection centers by deploying information technology, and 2) reduce error and time during the data collection. We developed an information system following Model View Control (MVC) architecture, which allows for rapid development of the system, and, more importantly, support further scalability in the future. The developed system provides both convenience and precision in the data recording process, and helps reduce errors and time consumption significantly.