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The objectives of this research were 1) to understand the meaning of physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors among elderly and disabled adults, and 2) to find the problems, needs, and design conditions of the innovative wheelchair to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors for elderly and disabled adults. The qualitative research design collected data from 3 elderly and 3 disabled adults through the interview. The results of the content analysis revealed that meaning physical activity were the usage of physical capabilities to enforce wheelchairs in various forms of locomotion for daily life and meaning healthy lifestyle behaviors were the state of living life by self, independent living, social participation, occupation for income, and access to services through physical capabilities. Finally, designing conditions of the innovative wheelchair to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors for elderly and disabled adults can be divided into 2 issues: 1) competence to stand 2) adaptability for locomotion to responsibility for using wheelchairs in everyday life. The findings are guidelines to design innovative wheelchairs based on behavioral science that is academically useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research on factors affecting the use of intelligent transportation services: A case study of Smart Bus in Ubon Ratchathani Province. The objectives were to 1) study travel behavior and use of mass transit services; 2) study the level of opinions on factors affecting the use of intelligent transportation services; 3) to analyze the causal relationship of the factors that affected continue to spread the word on the provision of intelligent bus services. Ubon Ratchathani province, This research is a quantitative research. The research tools were questionnaires. The sample groups were consumers who had used public transportation. and those using public bus service, Ubon Ratchathani province, in the amount of 420 people.The level of opinions about the expectation of mass transit services. The average was at a high level (X = 4.13, SD = 0.58). The level of opinions about factors supporting passengers to use the service smart bus was at a high average level (X = 4.57, SD = 0.54). The level of opinions about the factor telling passengers to use the smart bus service was at a high average level (X = 4.49, SD = 0.69). In the route analysis, factors affecting the use of intelligent transportation services, it was found that 1) the expectation factor of mass transit services had a positive direct influence on the use of intelligent bus service use telling factors. Ubon Ratchathani province, the route coefficient was 0.063 and had a positive direct influence on the factors supporting passengers to use smart bus services. The route coefficient was 0.192. 2) The factor supporting passengers to use the smart bus service. There was a positive direct influence on the word-of-mouth factor for using the service. smart bus Ubon Ratchathani province had a route coefficient of 0.877 and 3) expectation factors for mass transit service There is an indirect cause influence on the wording factor for using the service. Smart bus Ubon Ratchathani province has a route coefficient equal to 0.578 through the route factor supporting passengers to use the smart bus service Results from the research of consumers who use public transportation. Ubon Ratchathani smart bus, give importance to the factors of public transport service system, public buses and to focus on supporting factors and word of mouth in using the intelligent bus service. This will lead to increased service traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The qualitative mixed method designs research aims are as follows: (1) to narrate the life experience of sexual harassment on online social media from six sexual harassers experience by transcendental phenomenology based on the four steps of research process developed by Clark Moustakas. The study found that the meaning and essence of the life experience of sexual harassment on online social media are an experience that the harasser feels safe to sexual harassment. The harasser allows emotion over reasoning and reification of victims and lack of sympathy without thinking about the consequences. The harasser selection victim by know information about and the identity of victim. The victims are emotionally involved in a positive or negative relationship with their harasser, such as being intimate, offensive, irritated or angry. The harasser is self-centered and the harassment serves their own needs. The harasser lacks conscience when they harass their victim whether or not the harassment will affect the victim. The researcher used the results to answer research objectives: (2) to create prevention guidelines for sexual harassment on online social media from seven sexual harassment specialists by thematic analysis. The research results lead to presenting the sexual harassment prevention guidelines: public relations for modus operandi; enforcing the law; creating awareness of the possibility of being prosecuted; and cultivating morals and ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effects of the self-management program with Baowan Baochai mobile application for foot care behaviors prevention among adults and elderly with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sixty people were recruited and randomly assigned into the experimental group (n=30) and the comparison group (n=30), who meet the inclusion criteria and a match pairing method which performed according to blood glucose values and education level. The Instruments consist of the self-management program with Baowan Baochai Mobile Application and for foot care behaviors questionnaires (=.87). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The result showed that the experimental group had the interaction between the self-management program among adults and aging with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus on foot care behaviors prevention (F=9.13, P=.004). The mean scores for foot care behaviors in the experimental group higher than the comparison group with statistical significance in both adults and elderly groups. When comparing between the experimental and the comparison group, it was found that in the experimental group, both adults and elderly had better foot care behaviors. Nevertheless, in the comparison group, it was found that in adults’ group had significantly better foot care behaviors than the elderly group (P < .05). In conclusion, both the adult and the elderly had better foot care behaviors after receiving the program. This indicates that the program is suitable for promoting foot care behavior among adults and the elderly. Therefore, health care providers can use mobile applications for the elderly as well as adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to study effectiveness of enhance the spirituality of teachers development program. It is a quasi-experimental research. The sample were the first-year students in the field of Dramatic Studies and Music Education (4-year program), College of Dramatic Arts, Bunditpatanasilpa Institute.Forty students were grouped equally into experimental and control groups: 20 students per group. Data were collected using the spirituality of teachers test in a pretest prior to participating, a post-test immediately after and a follow-up test one month later. The results showed that a post-test period of students received program had of enhance the spirituality of teachers higher than pre-test and control group with statistical significance, in follow-up period of 1 month, the students who received program had of the spirituality of teachers decreased little from post - test, still higher than the students who did not receive the spiritual teacher program.At the result, this research showed that using the spirituality of teachers program, It is effective for enhance the spirituality of teachers of students. Therefore, the use of the study model should be encouraged to enhance in the long term. to maintain the spirit of being a teacher to remain permanently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the artificial intelligence rebellion, barely any innovation has been meliorated as quickly as biometrics. Fingerprint, iris, and face are popular digital identities, routinely integrated into common devices and portable gadgets to empower a quick and secure authentication. The uniqueness and ease of use of biometrics have subrogated traditional authentication, such as password and powered up the confidence of users conducting online transactions and using mobile devices in the new normal era. The authentication systems are actuated by image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The performance of these systems are highly affected by the quality of the acquired input where noisy images, poor pathological samples, and less controlled surroundings are major challenges to overcome. An innovative and attractive alternative is the machine learning based authentication. The intelligence and efficiency of authentication process can be increased while processing time and complication processes are lessen without program adjustment. Therefore, this academic article was composed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the top three aforementioned biometrics. Empirical evidences on the breakthrough of machine learning based authentication systems were presented. The benefits lie in providing solutions for those who are looking for the appropriate, cost-effective and efficient security technology for booking accommodation with a host, accessing bank account, applying for government benefits, accepting a new friend request on social media or any online interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring density changes during transportation of composite fillers is the principal reason for composite industries implementing the tapped density concept. Till date, very sparse literature information exists on tapped density optimisation for orange peel particles (OPPs). A unique application of grey relational analysis (GRA) in the optimisation of tapped process parameters for OPPs is contributed in this paper. Experimental results on the principal process parameters indicate G1H1I2J3 as the best experimental run, which translates to 257.956 g and 78.076 cm3 as well as 254.939 g and 72.94 cm3 for masses and volumes of the 0.425 and 0.600 mm OPPs, respectively. In addition, Taguchi method was applied to arrive at an optimal parametric setting of G2H2I1J1 for comparative purposes which translate to 257.723 g and 75.031 cm3 for mass and volume of the 0.425 OPPs, as well as 254.952 g and 77.982 cm3 for the mass and volume of 0.600 mm OPPs. By comparison, the GRA values produced positive percentage improvement over other optimal values. The unique contribution of this paper are principally the (i) application of GRA in a novel manner, incorporating harmonic mean in factor-level determination and computation of S/N responses; (ii) development of new indices of tapped density; and (iii) introduction of economic factors in tapped density computations, incorporating inflation and interest factors. The practical utility of the demonstrated approach lies in reducing the uncertainties about density measurements in the transportation of green fillers for use as composite reinforcements.

This paper presents the continuous sampling plan CSP-100 that was developed from the continuous sampling plans CSP-1, CSP-4 and CSP-C. The objective of this paper is to apply the continuous sampling plan for the new CSP-100 plan proving a reduction in the delivery inspection time compared to the single lot sampling plan (SSP) while maintaining the same or greater quality conformance. This CSP-100 was studied in Hard Disc Drive manufacturing. The parameters used in the CSP-100 plan are as follows; i (the number of consecutive conforming units), f (the sampling frequency of partial number in 100% inspected units) and c (the acceptance number). CSP-100 computes four performance measures, Average Fraction Inspected (AFI), Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ), Lot Acceptance Rate (LAR) and Defective Parts Per Million (DPPM). The advantage of this CSP-100 plan is not only to reduce the inspection time but also prove higher productivity numbers when compared with SSP. The verified results of using the CSP-100 plan proved a reduced inspection time of 6,722,702 minutes or 15% compared to SSP. CSP-100 also eliminates the work stations and transportation processes due to the inspection area and inspectors are no longer required. The Function Out of Box Audit (FOBA) is introduced to monitor the CSP-100 performance. The FOBA audit results confirm that the CSP-100 maintains the same good quality level as the SSP. The excellent results of implementing the CSP-100 show a reduction in the inspection cost by 3,693,730.04 baht or 60.40% compared to SSP, as well as the additional cost savings by no longer needing to purchase a new tester; a savings of ~44 million baht. The CSP-100 plan also eliminates the issue of delayed delivery that is part of the SSP process. Moreover it is a better choice in inspecting the continuous quality process in Hard Disc Drive manufacturing.

This research studied the essence of Isan dance by Chaweewan Phanthu, a national artist. Its purpose was. - 1) to study the development in the performing arts of Chaweewan Phanthu, and 2) to study the essence of Isan dance of Chaweewan Phanthu. We reviewed research papers and field data from the sample group of 33 people comprising a group of 7 experts, 6 practitioners, and 20 general informants. Research instruments were a survey, an observation form, an interview form that was both structured and unstructured. The results were presented using descriptive methods. It was found that. - 1) Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu was born in the Mor Lam family and was trained since a young age by many master Mor Lam artists from the Isan region, such as MorLam Chalee Damnoen, MorLam Khampha Ritthit, MorLam Boonpeng Pewchaiand Mor Lam Khampun Fungsuk etc. These artists had a graceful personality and melodious intonation that has 25 layers of detailed tremolo, and also aunique melody and style. These musicians are the ones who perfectly preserves the traditional Isan dance posture. 2) the essence of Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu’s Isan folk dance is “bow low, wide dance, don’t hold back”, a definition that is at the heart of the Isan dance that has stipulated the holistic aspect of the Isan dance as a model for performing the gestures of the dance. The definition of Mor Lam Chaweewan Phanthu consequently leads to a role that is said to be a “beautiful dance” originating from the process of knowledge and ability in Isan dance, arising from the accumulated experience and expertise. It has been formed into a skill and distinctive character of using the body from the head, hands, arms, shoulders, body, and feet, which are components of the dance style that reflects the local Isan aesthetic.

Speed limits in accordance with environment and road functions have been used as a fundamental tool for speed management and road safety. This paper presents literatures review of speed limits measure and results from the study on speed limits problem and driver attitude toward the speed limit and speed control measure. Area of study is on the arterial road where the Mittaprab Highway passed through Khon Kaen City. The study found that improper designation of road functions is the main cause of complexity and difficulty on safety management. It suggests more researches on speed limit setting methods to accommodate the road conditions of the country. In order to increase effectiveness of speed limits measure, this paper suggests transportation-related authorities to classify this area to be the urban arterial road, to set proper speed limits, and to modify the road environment in accordance with its function. More measures to enhance speed limit effectiveness and to reduce accident are included automatic speed control devices, speed limits warning signs, and advertisement signs to use the bypass route. These could enhance the effective speed management program.

The objective of this research is a reduction of an adhesive stain defect in flexible printed circuit board in hot pressing process, the electronic factory. The manufacturing have been processing by sheet type of products with ninety-six pieces of flexible printed circuit boards. Causes of the problem include the before and internal hot pressing process. In process beginning times, the most right row of products between the cooling plate and the hot pressing machine has temperature 71.2◦C that is higher than glass transition temperature (Tg) 60◦C. Those products’ temperature lead to evaporate a polyimide adhesive before hot pressing process beginning. The internal hot pressing process include the preheat times and the pressure time. In the preheat time the problem is a gap between lower and upper plate, was under specification (Under 1 mm) and leaded to adhesive polyimide stain. In the actuality this time requires temperature and low pressure that mean a gap within 1 – 2 mm (between lower and upper plate). In pressure times the hot pressing plate surface is not flat and products are pressed by insufficient force that it lead to generate an adhesive stain on flexible printed circuit boards. That force is measured by the pre-scale paper and a result, RGB color, is provided. And then color density (From standard color sample) and RGB color (From pre-scale paper) is found out the relation by Photoshop program and multiple regression theory using. The formula is applied to compare with defect so as to find out the suitable color density (Defects reducing). The solving solutions is provided including the gap reduced adjustment between cooling plate and hot pressing machine before hot pressing process, the plate adjustment within specification in the preheat time and the pressing plate polishing in the pressure time. Results of study and solving are provide defect reduction from 24.4 percentage to 7.2 percentage of total study product.

This paper presents a reconfiguration technique for distribution system with distributed generation (DG) using Firefly algorithm (FA). The objective is to minimize total power losses of the system. In this paper, the technique is tested on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. The result shows that the method can be applied to practical system using switching for reconfiguration. In comparison to the other techniques, it is also capable to find good solution. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to the other reconfiguration techniques.

A two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) which uses mathematical linear programming techniques is applied to evaluate the efficiency of a system composed of two relational sub-processes, by which the outputs from the first sub-process (as the intermediate outputs of the system) are the inputs for the second sub-process. The relative efficiencies of the system and its sub-processes can be measured by applying the two-stage DEA. According to the literature review on the supply chain management, this technique can be used as a tool for evaluating the efficiency of the supply chain composed of two relational sub-processes. The technique can help to determine the inefficient sub-processes. Once the inefficient sub-process was improved its efficiency, it would result in better aggregate efficiency of the supply chain. This paper aims to present a procedure for evaluating the efficiency of the supply chain by using the two-stage DEA, under the assumption of constant returns to scale, with an example of internal supply chain efficiency measurement of insurance companies by applying the two-stage DEA for illustration. Moreover, in this paper the authors also present some observations on the application of this technique.

This paper explores the model of drainage suitability using time series forecasting techniques. The purpose is to study statistical forecasting techniques suitable for time series data. The model of water drainage suitability was compared by using 4 methods forecasting techniques were Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Moving Average (MA), Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) and Holt-Winters’ Exponential Smoothing. In this research, which are drainage information form Rama VI Dam, Pha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya in the experiment. Measurement of forecast with 3 methods were Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The experiments showed that the of the lowest drainage prognosis was Predictive value by Holt-Winters’ exponential smoothing, which was = 0.068, with the values of = 3, MAPE= 0.882,MAPE = 0.051 and = 0.312. The secondary mean is with MAPE= 0.179. Simple exponential smoothing (SES) has a = 0.249 by setting = 0.3. Finally, a simple linear regression was used to obtainMAPE = 0.854. The Forecasted data were not used in 2015 by . The lowest value of MAPE= 0.033 indicates that the predictive value of this method is appropriate for the drainage pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the correlation coefficients of the psychosocial factors that correlate with adolescences’ drugs abuse preventive behaviors. Meta-analysis described by Glass was used. The sample consisted of 21 quantitative researches which focused on adolescences’drugs abuse preventive behaviors. The criterions of selection were a) Fundamental statistics have to be sufficient to calculate the correlation coefficient or the effect size, b) Publication should be during 1997 – 2017, and c) Papers should be searched and downloaded full text from database. The means of research quality scores were 3.25. Based on the meta-analysis, the findings showed that psycho-social factors correlating with adolescences’ drugs abuse preventive behaviors can be divided into 3 groups which are, ordered by the correlation coefficients as follows: psychological-trait ( r=0 . 4 7 2 ) , situational factors ( r=0 . 4 2 9 ) , and psychological-state factors ( r= 0 . 3 9 8 ) , respectively. The prime factors with highest correlation coefficients in each group were future orientation ( r= 0.553), social support from arrounded people (r= 0.616), and subjective norms (r= 0.551), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a local descriptors approach to classify pornographic images. Two local descriptors including the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) are computed feature vectors from pornographic images. The extracted features are supplied to the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm and Support Vector Machine for pornographic image classification. We have evaluated all different methods on the TI-UNRAM dataset. The results show that the HOG and the SIFT combined with the SVM significantly outperform the other methods, including KNN algorithm and image processing technique. Thus, the local descriptors approach can be combined with the SVM for pornographic image classification in order to obtain the effective classification performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an efficient technique for improving the efficiency of Thai error correction system by using memetic algorithm. In this paper, the token passing algorithm is used for constructing word graph and the language model is used checking the correct sentence. The correction process starts with word graph construction from token passing algorithm, then the correct sentence are searched by memetic algorithm with the best fitness function from language model. For a long sentence from the token passing algorithm, a search space is very huge which can be resolved by using memetic algorithm. The memetic algorithm is used for searching the correct sentence in order to reduce the analysis time. The performance of the proposed method are evaluated and compared to the full search and genetic algorithm. From the experimental results show that the proposed method performs very well and yields better performance more than the compared method. The proposed method can search the best sentence accurately and quickly.

The objective of this research is a reduction of an adhesive stain defect in flexible printed circuit board in hot pressing process, the electronic factory. The manufacturing have been processing by sheet type of products with ninety-six pieces of flexible printed circuit boards. Causes of the problem include the before and internal hot pressing process. In process beginning times, the most right row of products between the cooling plate and the hot pressing machine has temperature 71.2◦C that is higher than glass transition temperature (Tg) 60◦C. Those products’ temperature lead to evaporate a polyimide adhesive before hot pressing process beginning. The internal hot pressing process include the preheat times and the pressure time. In the preheat time the problem is a gap between lower and upper plate, was under specification(Under 1 mm) and leaded to adhesive polyimide stain. In the actuality this time requires temperature and low pressure that mean a gap within 1 – 2 mm (between lower and upper plate). In pressure times the hot pressing plate surface is not flat and products are pressed by insufficient force that it lead to generate an adhesive stain on flexible printed circuit boards. That force is measured by the pre-scale paper and a result, RGB color, is provided. And then color density (From standard color sample) and RGB color (From pre-scale paper) is found out the relation by Photoshop program and multiple regression theory using. The formula is applied to compare with defect so as to find out the suitable color density (Defects reducing). The solving solutions is provided including the gap reduced adjustment between cooling plate and hot pressing machine before hot pressing process, the plate adjustment within specification in the preheat time and the pressing plate polishing in the pressure time. Results of study and solving are provide defect reduction from 24.4 percentage to 7.2 percentage of total study product.

Data warehouse technology is useful for managing large data. The purpose of them are analyzing organization’s datasets to formulate a strategy and direction of the organization. In this paper have present method of the development of data warehouse based on Ralph Kimball's methodology, starting from the study of the data source. Process of Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) until we finished to get for summary financial data warehouse of Faculty of Science, Naresuan University. That they have problem about reporting from OLTP database that use for large data of financial management system. We using the data warehouse which is an OLAP database instead report function to analyze and follow up on the disbursement process more conveniently. In the future, data warehouse technology can also be used to analyze data in other fields within the Faculty of Science as well.

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum factor of the hardening process of carbon steel. The study factors were quenching temperatures at 750, 800 and 830 °C, with 2 and 5 min of holding times, and the quenching media were oil and water. The hardness of the specimens was measured. It was found that the optimal conditions for hardening were at a hardening temperature of 764 °C, hardening for 5 minutes holding using oil quenching. It was found that the average hardness of workpieces was 48 HRC. It was also found that the quenching temperature affected the hardness of the work-piece but the holding times and the quenching medium did not affect the workpiece hardness at 0.05 significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative study using the interactionism model. It aims to identify significant indicators and predict the volume of psychological and situational factors related to purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders among undergraduate students. The study’s sampling group is 846 undergraduate students, selected by multi-stage sampling. The study found that attitudes towards purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders (r = 0.575, p < .01). The multiple regression analysis found psychological traits, psychological states and situational factors can predict the purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders of the sampling group by 41.09%; the best predicting factor are attitudes towards purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders and basic of marketing. The high-risk groups include undergraduate female students, low-grade undergraduate students, and young undergraduate students. The results of this research suggest guidelines for the development of purchasing decision behavior under the influence of key opinion leaders of undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative study using the interactionism model. It aims to identify significant indicators and predict the volume of psychological states and situational factors related to traffic rule compliance behavior. The study’s sampling group is 1,107 high school students, selected by multi-stage sampling. The study found that road safety behavior control efficacy variables were paired with the highest correlation coefficient and significantly positively correlated with traffic rule compliance behavior. (r = 0.567, p < .01). The multiple regression analysis found that psychological traits, psychological states, and situational factors can predict the traffic rule compliance behavior of the sampling group by 54.92%. The best predicting factors are the collectivism variable and the influence of people around variable. The high-risk groups include grade 11 (junior of high school students), a group of students using bicycles, and a group of students who understand only some of the traffic rules. The results of this research pointed out guidelines for the development of traffic rules compliance behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research focused to understand the work-life balance and conditions related to work-life balance in terms of COVID-19; and to propose guidelines for developing the work-life balance of professional nurses. The key informants were professional with experience in caring for patients with COVID-19, with six cases over six months; for one case under private agency and five cases under government agency. And those who are primarily involved with professional nurses from six cases; supervisor, colleagues and family members. Data were analyzed according to qualitative method. In terms of the definition of work-life balance were the equal distribution of time between work and family and adjustment in every role. The characteristics of creating a work-life balance in three parts: time limit, professional value and subsistence income. There were conditions to encourage work-life balance, including adjustment to situations and optimism. The external factors included supervisors and family members to support colleagues. The guidelines for developing work-life balance found that support from supervisors, colleagues, family members and the ability of professional nurses to integrate their professional and personal lives. Professional nurses achieved a balance in work, family and personal life. Professional nurses can be applied in accordance with the work-life balance. The organization of nurses can be used to determine the work standards of professional nurses to balance work and life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This academic article presented the relative between the political development stage, Parenting styles, trust, and enhancing trust for reducing political conflict between parents and adolescents in the family. The political development stage refers to the political construct and represented political understanding. The political development stage develops from political socialization by talking, debating, observing, and political participation. Parenting styles were part of political socialization. Parenting styles affected the political development stage of adolescents, raised questions about the political concept, accept or decline parents' political orientations, and became a political conflict in a family between parent and adolescent. Authoritative parenting enhanced talking, debating, and listening together. But the political debates were a sensitive topic in Thailand's context. Adolescents are worried to debate with their parents because they lacked trust. Trust can enhance by adjusting to friendship relationships, keeping a promise, and honesty with adolescents. At last, trust can decrease political conflict in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community development volunteer leader plays an important role in the development and support the work of community development officers. The objectives of this study were 1) to develop a causal relationship model of authentic leadership in community development volunteer leaders and 2) to empirically validate the causal relationship model of authentic leadership in community development volunteer leaders. The sample consisted of 417 community development volunteer leaders. Proportional stratified random sampling was used. Questionnaires were used to collect data, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient between .89 - .95. Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling technique. The result showed that the proposed model fitted the empirical data (chi-square = 506.81, df =170, p = .000, chi-square/df = 2.9, RMSEA = 0.069, SRMR = 0.059, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.86). The result of the effects of path analysis showed that 1) psychological capital (ß = .19, p < .01), meaningful work (ß = .09 p < .05) and self-awareness (ß 5= .63 p < .01) had a direct on authentic leadership; 2) psychological capital (ß = .11, p < .05), Social support (ß = .18, p < .01) and organization climate (ß = .16, p < .01) had an indirect on authentic leadership. The predictive coefficients found that psychological capital, meaningful work, social support, organizational climate and self-awareness could explain authentic leadership at 62% (R2 = .63). The policy suggestions from this research suggested the department of community development should establish a policy to create a good perception of the organizational climate and promote social support from supervisors and colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and investigate the effectiveness of psychological capital on the work engagement of NGO employees. The sample included 40 NGO employees in Bangkok who work with LGBT people. The participants were equally divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included a psychological capital program and a work engagement questionnaire. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that, in both the post-intervention and the follow-up period, the NGO employees who underwent a positive psychological program developed higher work engagement in all three areas of vigor, dedication, and absorption than the samples in the control group at a statistically significant level of .05. In addition, the psychological capital program helped the NGO employees achieve improvement and persistence in their work engagement. The research results also show that the psychological capital program effectively keeps NGO employees more engaged in their jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R) has been well characterized for assessing Perfectionism in literature. However, no previous studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of the APS-R for academically gifted students in Thailand. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop the APS-R cross-culturally into Thai and evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of academically gifted students. The APS-R was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Thai according to the international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The APS-R Thai version was administered to 521 academically gifted students of Mahidol Wittayanusorn School and Kamnoetvidya Science Academy. The results indicated that the APSR Thai version showed good psychometric properties: internal consistency (α = .72 -.91), convergent (AVE = .35 - .48), and discriminant validity (MSV = .15 - .28). The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model was fitted to the empirical data (χ²= 376.7, df = 163, Relative χ²= 2.31, RMSEA = 0.05, CFI =0.99, GFI = 0.94, AGFI=0.90) and the 3-factors model of Perfectionism was confirmed: High standard (α = .77), Order (α = .72), and Discrepancy (α = .91). The Almost perfect scale – revised Thai version demonstrated acceptable acceptability, reliability, and validity; Hence, it can be used in practice and research for assessing Perfectionism in Thai, academically gifted students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Selfadvocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale. The scale was constructed based on related theories. The developed scale was then tested for content validity by experts. The participants were 400 women who experiencing intimate partner violence that treated by One Stop Crisis Center (OSCC) affiliated with hospitals in Thailand. In process of construct validity testing the researcher randomly divided the sample into 2 groups ( 200 sample per group). First, analyze the 1st group data by exploratory factor analysis then analyze the 2nd group by confirmatory factor analysis. Results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Self-Advocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale consisted of 22 items with 3 factors (KMO = .894): ‘Knowledge of self’, ‘Leadership and knowledge of right’ and ‘Communication skills’. These 3 factors accounted for 53.135% of the total variance. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Self-advocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale consisted of 3 components that measured all 22 observed variables. The result found that standard factor loading between 0.440 - 0.960 at 0.01 level. And goodness of fit with the empirical data were (x² = 90.318, df = 139, Relative Chi-square = .650, P = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000 RMR = 0.058, GFI = 0.961, CFI = 1.000, PGFI = 0.582 respectively. So, The Self-advocacy for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Scale had good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability that reflected three elements of self – advocacy. It can be used to assess and cultivate self – advocacy in women who experiencing intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to study the concept of broadly conceptualizing beauty perceived by female adolescents who had positive body image and to synthesize the broad conceptualization of beauty themes in Thai context. The qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interview technique with female undergraduates. Seventeen key informants who was classified as high positive body image were recruited for semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. ‘Broad conceptualization of beauty’ perceived by Thai adolescents were categorized by 3 themes and 12 sub-themes including 1) external beauty: broad view of physical beauty, body-care, personal dressing styles 2) intrapersonal characteristics: self-confidence, self-acceptance, inner soul and spirituality, intelligence and 3) desirable interpersonal characteristics: nice gestures, positive communal traits, positive attitude towards others, optimism, and positive emotions. The results can be beneficial guideline to involved health professions as well as relevant organizations for treating body image problems and enhancing healthy body image by broadening the conceptualization of beauty. These findings also suggest the conceptual framework of broad conceptualization of beauty contributing to scale development and future studies in Thai women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to digital disruption, the auditing firms and the auditors have greatly been impacted as being the key people who provide the auditing opinions to the business. The objectives of this study were 1. To explore definition, attributes, and factors of innovative leadership in auditory firms; 2. To develop and validate innovative leadership in auditory firms and; 3. To examine the structural factor of innovative leadership in auditory firms. This study was divided into two phases: qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative consisted of the interviews to the four key informants and the second phase was conducted to the 450 auditors in Thailand. For the definition of innovative leadership, referring to the in-depth interview at the first phase of research, it has been found that the innovative leadership in auditing firms can be categorized into five dimensions 1 Team Working; 2. Embracing to Change; 3. Self-development and Team Development; 4. Goal Setting; and 5. Networking. Therefore, the researcher collected the first key findings to define the meaning of innovative leadership as the ability to influence team management to achieve goals, embrace change, assess and take risk of taking the initiative or improving process in own's or team's responsibilities, have perseverance, embracing diversity and inclusion in the team, assign tasks based on individual capability, motivate team and build collaboration, inquiring for information from both inside and outside organization in order to gain the new approach or body of knowledge which the innovative leader significantly supports in bringing the innovation into practice to serve customer's context or needs. The exploratory was applied in order to extract the factors. According to the research findings, there were 34 items of innovative leadership in the auditory firms which could be categorized into five factors: change management, team development, being ambitious, self-development, and building and networking. The psychometric measurement was controlled by the reliability and validity, itemtotal correlation, and reliability. This study also demonstrated the meaning of Innovative leadership and factors in auditors in Thailand. The psychometric properties can also be used as the tools for developing innovative leadership for auditors in Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative study using the interactionism model. It aims to identify significant indicators and predict the volume of psychological states and situational factors related to cooperation skills in the new normal. The study sampling group is 789 undergraduate students selected by multi-stage sampling. The study found that attitude towards the development of work skills in the new normal life are positive and significant to cooperation skills (r = 0.605, p < .01) The multiple regression analysis found that psychological traits, situational factors and psychological states can predict cooperation skills of the sampling group by 52.97% the best predicting factor is an ability to learning process within the university. The high-risk groups include undergraduate male students, low-grade undergraduate students and old undergraduate students. The results of this research have suggested ways to develop cooperation skills and encourage students to prepare and develop cooperation skills more effectively. The researcher has also been used to create a new set of manuals for developing cooperation skills and training courses to develop additional potential under the project “preparing to enter the working age in the new normal”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to (1) design Problem-based Learning (PBL), (2) examine the learning achievement from PBL by (2.1) examining the achievement before and after using PBL (2.2) examining students’ learning outcome from PBL, and (3) examine students’ satisfaction towards PBL activities. The research samples included 54 high school students from Huay Rai Samakki School and Meng Rai Maharaj School, Chiang Rai. The research instruments were PBL activities, and a satisfaction evaluation form. This research employed mixed methods as research methodology. The result showed that (1) the 11 steps of employing PBL as learning activities could develop learning achievement of high school students. (2) the average achievement of high school students after learning activities by using PBL ( =8.50) was higher than the average achievement before using PBL( =6.11) with statistical significance at the 0.01 level. In terms of learning outcome, the students could reflect the ways of solving problems as the innovation from Thai identity including Thai Garland made from milk bags and carton, and Nah Chang Net (Thai Traditional Crafting Net) from waste magazine paper and straw. Finally, the research samples were satisfied to the highest level regarding using PBL as teaching and learning management ( =4.53) because the knowledge gained can be developed into different contexts of work subjects able to transfer the knowledge gained to others in the future.

This research aimed to analyze the relationship between folklore and cultural tourism and the ways of thinking about tourism creation from cultural capital by studying the data from paper and online resources and field research. The study revealed that the Pantainorasingh Shrine in Samutsakorn Province used “folklore” as the main channel to convey Pantainorasingh stories to appear concrete, outstanding, and harmonious. The types of folklore that were found are oral folklore, social folk customs, materials culture, folk arts, and “popular culture,” which could be communicated well with contemporaries. This folklore strongly reflects three types of cultural capital: human capital, appearance capital, and institutional capital. Therefore, Pantainorasingh Shrine is valued as a historical, aesthetical, academic, and social tourist attraction. The important ways of thinking about the creation of tourism from cultural capital are: finding strong points of cultural capital from the community, collaboration from all organizations, the presentation of Thai identity, the making of places to serve both the sacred and secular worlds, and the application of new media to communicate, reproduce, and present the new activities to serve urban people.

This paper aims to present a guideline on how to apply the empowerment evaluation concept in enhancing the teachers competency assessment using the three steps approach of Fetterman (2001, cited in Rattakunchai, 2010). Step 1 establishing mission or vision statement, step 2 taking stock and step, 3 planning for the future. This is a concept that educators have accepted and used to develop the potential of personnel to be able to plan for action and self-assessment. This concept is for continually improvement and development work. It can be called an assessment that has repercussions over time when teachers are evaluation capacity, an older limited assessment system will be replaced by 21st century learning assessment processes that aim to assess core subject knowledge, characteristics, and skills of the 21st century. The assessment emphasize on authentic assessment methods, using a variety of tools and giving feedback. It is provided to reflect the learner’s ability, weaknesses, strengths, and teacher’s teaching efficiency. Hence, we can use the results increasing the quality of education project further

According to the survey results, the top three causes of fire in Thailand: 1) garbage and hay burning, 2) short-circuit current, and 3) misuse of fuel. In this paper, a prototype innovation for reducing the fire problem caused by short-circuit current has been developed, called Smart Breaker. It has outstanding qualities, including the ability to see (IR and DHT11 Sensor), smell (MQ-2) and sense (PZEM 400T) the cause of a fire. It can also report anomalies from fire detections to property owners' smartphones to let them know before the damage escalates. The smart breaker applies Internet of Things technology (IoT) to develop the prototype. The result obtained from testing the prototype fire detection device shows that the fire detection accuracy is accurate (x̄ = 3.42) or 68.4 percent.

One element of organizational motivation is good welfare for employees and the welfare that every organization should consider providing for its employees is disbursement of medical expenseor This may include parents, spouses and children of the employee. This academic article aims to create an understanding of the organization and employees in providing welfare related to medical expenses, life insurance and health insurance including vaccination to prevent epidemic disease ; for example, COVID-19 by considering the maximum benefits that employees and the organization will receive in terms of taxes and duties under the revenue code. This paper studied and collected information from past research, relevant laws and discussed letters which involves medical welfare and other expenses mentioned above for the benefit of employees and the organization in terms of personal income tax and corporat iIncom income tax. In other words, medical income is exempt from personal income tax and employees are not required to be considered as assessable income under section 39 of the revenue code same as in organizations that provide welfare for employees can be treated as medical expenditures and also is not considered a prohibited expense under section 65 ter of the revenue code. Therefore, the organization needs to align medical welfare with the legal elements for the maximum benefit of taxation as follows. (1) The organization must define the reimbursement of medical expenses in the employee welfare regulations without discriminating against any person. (2) Employees must have evidence of medical expenses, such as receipts to prove that it has actually been paid and paid for it all, and (3) The organization must reimburse the employees for the medical expenses they actually paid on the basis of such evidencnd. Remember that, employee benefits of payment for health insurance in terms of corona- virus infection and vaccination fees for coronavirus infection are not considered a payment for medical treatment or vaccines for medical treatment. Therefore, it is not considered exempted income and employees have to take the benefits as assessable income subject to personal income tax. This does not include group insurance that the organization pays to employees, only for the portion that covers medical expenses. However, it does not include group insur- ance premiums that the organization pays to employees only for the portion that covers medical expenses, which is exempted from being regarded as the assessable income of the employee.

This quasi-experimental research aims to study the effectiveness of a blended counseling program on the social skills of 16 schizophrenic patients, who were defined as patients diagnosed by a physician according to the criteria for classification of schizophrenia between February and April and without the factors related to other co-morbidities and substance abuse. They were randomly assigned to a random assignment group of eight people and a control group of eight people. The data were collected using a five-point scale questionnaire with a confidence value of 0.9, then analyzed with non-parametric statistics The Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare their social skills scores. The results of this research study showed that schizophrenic patients who participated in the integrated counseling program had significantly higher social skills at p < .01 than those who did not participate in the counseling program. The blended counselors had significantly higher social skills than before joining the program at p < .01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research were to study psychosocial factors predicting teacher’s roles in promoting non-violent behavior of students and to study the interaction between psychosocial factors related to the role of teachers in promoting non-violent behavior of students in Bangkok. The samples were 400 secondary school teachers in Bangkok during academic year 2021 which were selected by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire consists of 9 sections of 6 points Likert Scale with overall alpha coefficient of .927. The statistic used in the analysis were multiple regression analysis and two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that psychosocial factors were able to predict the role of teachers in promoting non-violent behavior by 79.1%. Social support had a significant effect on the role of teachers in promoting non-violent behavior among students. The variables related to teacher's role in promoting nonviolent behavior among students were teacher spirit (b = .39), empathy (b = .29), social support (b = .22) and empathy attitude towards teachers’ role in behavior promotion non-violent behavior (b = .10). These variables are significant for the development of teachers' role in promoting nonviolent behavior among students. The policy implication is education agencies should promote psychosocial factors related to teacher’s roles in promoting non-violent behavior of students to foster positive learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drag queen is a culture influenced by other countries which is one of the self-expressions through persons’ personalities. The researcher focused on investigating definitions of Drag queen, the meaning of Drag queen towards people who dress in Drag queen, the process of value constitution, and the using of Drag queen to improve oneself. This study applied transcendental phenomenology to acquire knowledge by studying the experiences of the informants. The results revealed that Drag queen is a form of expression that allows actors to freely create roles and personalities which depends on the parts that are missing from the minds of the research participants, such as the reflection of one's self, standing up for themselves, sending some message to society, etc. Mentally influenced the informants and fulfilled the missing part. Drag queen also released the informants from bondages though the personality in which they developed to be an identity which came from experiences, interests, and inspirations that want to express to society with no gender limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the congruence of the effects of stressful situations on cognitive appraisal, transformative coping, self-esteem, and the resilience. The sample consisted of 300 students. The data were collected using a Likert questionnaire, with a reliability range of .80 to .92 and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM). The findings manifested that the model fitted with the empirical data (Chi-square = 146.92, df = 53 (p = .00), RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .05, CFI = .99, NFI = .98, GFI = .93, and Chi-square / df = 2.77). The direction and effect size of the path analysis found that stressful situations had a direct and positive influence on cognitive appraisal (β = .89, p < .05), and resilience (β = .21, p < .05). Also, stressful situations had an indirect positive influence on resilience through cognitive appraisal, transformative coping, and self- esteem ( β = . 61, p < . 05). Furthermore, cognitive appraisal had a directly positive influence on transformative coping (β = .84, p < .05). Transformative coping had a direct positive influence on self-esteem (β = .94, p < .05), and self-esteem had the most direct positive influence on resilience (β = .86, p < .05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to study the multilevel causal factors affecting collaborative learning of high school students. The sample consisted of 545 high school students from 108 study groups in world-class standard schools which selected by multi-stage random sampling. The questionnaires was developed by the researcher from the operational definitions derived from the theories and research concept of the scholars which acceptance criteria were considered for item discrimination (.291-.890), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (.843-.956), confirmatory factor analysis, multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, inter-rater agreement, and inter-rater reliability. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used for data analysis. The results revealed that the modified multilevel model was fitted with the empirical data (χ² = 640.898, df = 402, χ²/df = 1.594, CFI = .965, TLI = .959, RMSEA = .033, SRMR (Within) = .033, SRMR (Between) = .066). At the group level, group efficacy had a direct effect on collaborative group learning, and group emotional intelligence had an indirect effect on collaborative group learning through group efficacy. At the individual level, self-efficacy, attitude toward collaborative learning, saraniyadhamma 6, and achievement motivation had a direct effect on collaborative learning, and emotional intelligence had an indirect effect on collaborative learning through self-efficacy, attitude toward collaborative learning and saraniyadhamma 6. In addition, collaborative group learning had a cross-level effect on collaborative learning. Therefore, in organizing activities where students collaborated in groups together, administrators or teachers should promote the development of such important factors that enable students to learn together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Check the list of attendance performs the interaction between teachers and students. There are many additional benefits to the classroom, such as encouraging class members' attendance to the classroom, gaining the behavior score, and making class members know each other. It is helpful to check the list of members in the classroom. Although, it wastes time in teaching, especially checking the list of members in the large classroom, for example, general education courses and introductory courses of each department. Nowadays, many teachers still record their attendance on paper. These may cause delays while processing the attendance data, sometimes loss the attendance data and deterioration. It is also difficult for students to check their classroom attendance. In this research, we proposed using information technology to help teachers to check the list of students in the Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University. The classroom attendance system could address the problems mentioned above. The proposed classroom attendance system was designed using responsive web technology. This system 1) allowed students to attend the classroom themself by using their smartphones and 2) allowed teachers to use the system to check the list of students. When teachers use the system to check classroom attendance, it benefits the students who do not have smartphones and have no internet connection on their smartphones. The proposed classroom attendance system could report the classroom attendance statistics in the numeric format and dashboard style. We then measure the satisfaction of users of the proposed classroom attendance system using a questionnaire. The satisfaction scale was measured at level 5. The results showed that The teachers' satisfaction with the system was at the highest level of satisfaction. The mean satisfaction value was 4.26 and a standard deviation value of 0.76. For the students, we found that the satisfaction level was very satisfactory. The average satisfaction value was 4.12, a standard deviation value of 0.79.

Police ideals are vital in building trust and faith among community. The purposes of this research are 1) to compare ideal work behavior among traffic police in different biosocial variables 2) to study the interaction among social situations variables and psychological characteristics affecting ideal work behavior among traffic police and 3) to study the influence of social situations, traits, and psychological characteristics in their effect on ideal work behavior of traffic police. The samples of this research consisted of 364 traffic police under the metropolitan police bureau chosen by the stratified sampling method. The data was collected by questionnaires with a six-point rating scale. The results revealed that 1) traffic polices with different ranks have no different ideal working behaviors. 2) the interaction between variables of the courage to do the right thing and variables of patronage system relationships affected ideal work behavior. Furthermore, the interaction between variables of the courage to do the right thing and political influence affected overall and each ideal work behavior, including working with generosity, working for public interests and justice 3) factors influencing ideal work behavior among traffic police were good attitude towards ideal work and political influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this research were 1) to understand the meaning of family happiness under the context of coexistence in the architecture residential 2) to study the conditions of family happiness under the context of coexistence in the architecture accommodation 3) to find the ways to enhance family happiness under the context of coexistence in architecture residential. Research design with qualitative research, determine the household patterns and types as a case study. Data were collected from 8 households with Purposeful Sampling and Snowball Sampling. The results of the content analysis revealed that the meaning of family happiness can be divided into 2 characteristics are family happiness under family relationship, and family happiness under the sufficiency of living space in the residence. The condition of family happiness It can be divided into 3 issues: 1) compliance roles and duties and respect the rules of each other 2) adjusting and accepting the lifestyle of family members and 3) non-invasion of personal space. Therefore, guidelines for enhancing family happiness should start with maintaining a good family relationship. Compliance with duties and respect for each other's rules accepting and adapting. The findings are academically useful and can be used to enhance family happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on developing community vaccines. Action Research was applied. Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok Province, and Mae Wang District, Chiang Mai province were selected as a model community that participants in the community participated in this study. The study is divided into 2 phases: Phase 1: Workshop research to create and develop a form of vaccine for the mind in the community. Phase 2 : synthesizes the form and creates a guideline to create a vaccine for the mind in the community. Qualitative method and Content Analysis were used. The results showed that the model of building and developing of vaccine of mind consist of 5 steps which are 1) searching for community capital and community potential 2) building a multi-level network 3) defining a mind vaccine target by using community bond and potential based on 4 Build 2 Use 4) implementation and refection and 5) community jointly monitoring. The outcomes for mental health change after participating in the model as the following: 1) having the ability to manage emotions, 2) feeling safe and trusting, 3) living with goals and hope. From the results, the model can be extended to other areas to encourage communities to cooperate in the face of various crises, to be able to prevent, solve problems, and quickly recover to normal conditions. however, some adjustment for different context might be needed. Lasty, it is important to build multi-network levels’ co-operation to promote a successful co-operation and drive further policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the structural equation modeling of antecedent and consequence of wellness tourism engagement of tourists. The sample consisted of 421 generation Y tourists. The research instrument used six summated rating scale, with reliabilities between 0.87 to 0.93, and factor loadings between 0.51 to 0.86 . Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling analysis. The results revealed that the proposed model was fitted with the empirical data; and found that 1) tourist motivation and wellness tourism facility had direct effect on wellness tourism engagement 2) tourist motivation and wellness tourism engagement had direct effect on well-being and 3) tourist motivation and wellness tourism facility had indirect effect on well-being via wellness tourism engagement. The implication of this study should promote the tourist motivation and facility, that encourage wellness tourism engagement and develop well-being of generation Y tourist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to compare the average scores of health literacy in smoking and drug prevention among Muslim youth in the three southern border provinces before and after participating in using Islamic principles. The program was developed by integrating Islamic principles into the concept of health literacy promotion based on the V-Shape model which consists of 6 elements: access, understanding, response and questioning, decision-making, behavioral adjustment and communicable. The sample consisted of 100 male Muslim junior high school students selected by purposive sampling. Research instruments consisted of general information questionnaire, the health literacy on smoking, and substance abuse prevention assessment. Reliability of questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a value of .87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and dependent t-test. The study found that overall mean scores of the health literacy on smoking and substance abuse prevention of the majorities after participated in the program (M=80.49, SD = 1.54) were increased than before (M=107.40, SD =1.10) and statistically significant (p < 0.05) Suggestions for policy implications are Smoking and Substance Abuse Prevention Program by Using Islamic Principles helps to promote health literacy on smoking and substance abuse prevention among Muslim youth. The program should be applied as a further protection tool against new smokers among Muslim youth in other schools both private and public to increase smoking and substance protection skills among the youth effectively and lead to measurement of preventing the increase of new smokers and substance abuse among youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to study the structural causal relationship of family relationship and empathy on prosocial behavior through prosocial attitude as a mediator. The sample consisted of 345 undergraduate students in Chiang Mai University who were selected using the purposive sampling method. The data collection instruments included family relationship questionnaire, empathy questionnaire, prosocial attitude questionnaire, and prosocial behavior questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that the modified model appeared to fit the empirical data well (χ2 = 1.273, df = 1, χ2/df = 1.273, p-value = .259, GFI = .998, CFI = .999, NFI = .997, RMSEA = .028). Family relationship and empathy showed an indirect positive effect on prosocial behavior through prosocial attitude, with the influence coefficients at .271 and .250 respectively. Moreover, prosocial attitude had a direct positive effect on prosocial behavior, with the influence coefficients at .500. In addition, it was found that family relationship had a direct positive effect on empathy, with the influence coefficient at .487. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]