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Skridskoåkning är en avgörande faktor för prestation i ishockey och styrka (i nedre extremitet) är i sin tur avgörande för hur snabb spelaren är på isen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan power off-ice och skidskosnabbhet på is. Sju män 19.5 ± 0.5 år vid ett gymnasium ställde upp i studien och genomförde ett testbatteri bestående av Ishockeyförbundets styrketester samt Effektmätning vid knäböj. Variabler i dessa styrketester korrelerades sedan mot deltagarnas resultat i skridskotestet Acceleration & Speed för att bestämma vilka styrkevariabler som är relevanta för skridskosnabbhet. Resultaten visade signifikanta samband mellan absolut styrka i frivändning och tid på total skridskosträcka (ρ=0.77, p

Syfte Syftet var att undersöka om kadens och effektutveckling vid cykling påverkas av placeringen av klossen på cykelskon. Metod Tolv vältränade män (ålder 33 ± 6.41 år, längd 176 ± 5.62 cm, vikt 72 ± 7.84 kg, maximal effektutveckling 332.69 ± 54.38 W, maximal syreupptagningsförmåga 62.78 ± 6.45 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) deltog i studien. Två maximala sprinttest på testcykel (LC7, Monark Exercise AB, Sverige) som varade i 20 sekunder genomfördes, där en främre (anterior) klossplacering och en bakre (posterior) klossplacering jämfördes. Ordningen på de två testen randomiserades. Kadens och effektutvecklingen registrerades via testcykeln. Den statistiska analysen genomfördes i SPSS med beroende t-test. Resultat Varken anterior eller posterior placering av klossen på cykelskon påverkade kadensen (p = 0.219) eller effektutvecklingen (p = 0.052) vid jämförelse av de två olika klossplaceringarna, även om skillnaden i effektutveckling var närapå signifikant. Korrelationen var stark mellan kadens och effektutveckling för både anterior och posterior placering (r = 0.98 respektive 0.92). Slutsats Placeringen av klossarna på cykelskon har liten eller ingen påverkan på effektutvecklingen och för vilken kadens cyklisten väljer, vid maximal prestation under kort tid. Däremot finns ett samband mellan kadens och effektutveckling. Fortsatta studier bör inkludera en invänjningsperiod för olika klossplaceringar för att säkerställa att resultatet inte påverkas av muskulär och neurologisk ovana hos deltagarna. Aim The aim was to investigate whether cadence and power output is affected by the position of the cleats on the cycling shoes when cycling. Method Twelve well-trained men (33 ± 6.41 years old, length 176 ± 5.62 cm, weight 72 ± 7.84 kg, maximal power output 332.69 ± 54.38 W, maximal oxygen uptake 62.78 ± 6.45 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) participated in the study. Two maximal sprinttest on a test-bike (LC7, Monark Exercise AB, Sweden) that lasted for 20 seconds was performed, where an anterior and a posterior shoe cleat position was compared to each other. The order of the two tests was randomized. Cadence and power output was registered via the test-bike. The statistical analysis was done in SPSS and paired samples t-test was used. Results No significant difference was found when the clip was placed anteriorly or posteriorly on the cycling shoe, for neither cadence (p = 0.219) nor power output (p = 0.052), when comparing the anterior and posterior shoe cleat position. The difference for power output was however close to significant. Correlation was strong between cadence and power output for both the anterior and posterior position (r = 0.98 and 0.92 respectively). Conclusions The shoe cleat position has little or no effect regarding power output and freely chosen cadence, at a short duration maximal effort. However, there is a strong correlation between cadence and power output. Further studies should include a training period to confirm that the result is not dependent on the participants’ muscular and neurological adjustment to different positions on the bike.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om vistelse på hög höjd påverkar den anaeroba arbetsförmågan. Sex aktiva universitetsstudenter, fyra män och två kvinnor, deltog frivilligt i studien. Expeditionen till Nepal varade i 40 dagar och under den perioden sov och vandrade försökspersonerna mellan 1400 och 5100 meter över havet. Före och efter expeditionen genomförde försökspersonerna ett anaerobt wingatetest där peak power, average power, minimum power and power drop uppmättes. Resultatet visade en signifikant sänkning av average power efter den genomförda expeditionen på hög höjd, med ett medelvärde på 8.44 ± 0,84 w/kg före expeditionen och 7.81 ± 0,87 w/kg efter expeditionen. Inga signifikanta förändringar sågs hos övriga uppmätta parametrar. Konklusionen är att average power försämras efter 40 dagars vistelse på hög höjd.

Bakgrund: Unilateral benträning är ett relativt outforskat område inom träningsvetenskapen. Traditionellt genomförs fysträning för intermittenta idrotter bilateralt, trots att idrottens rörelser sker unilateralt. Det finns många studier som behandlar samband mellan agility och effektutveckling, men få som har undersökt skillnaden mellan unilateral och bilateral effektutveckling sett till agility. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om unilateral effektutveckling har en starkare korrelation med agility än vad bilateral effektutveckling och agility har hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare i division 2. Metod: Kvinnliga fotbollsspelare (n=13, ålder 23 ± 4 år) utförde vertikalhopp med tilläggsbelastning på båda benen, vänster ben och höger ben på 20 kg, 30 kg, 40 kg samt för båda benen på 50 kg och T-test och Pro agility test. Effektutveckling i förhållande till kroppsvikten på båda benen (PBbw), vänster ben (PVbw) och höger ben (PHbw) analyserades och korrelerades sedan mot T-test (Ttest) och Pro agility test (Proagility). Resultat: Signifikanta korrelationer hittades mellan agility och både vänster unilateral (PVbw-Ttest, r = -0,578) och bilateral (PBbw-Ttest, r = -0,741; PBbw-Proagility, r = -0,555) effektutveckling, där korrelationen bilateralt var starkast. Ingen signifikant korrelation hittades mellan höger ben och agility. Konklusion: Bilateral effektutveckling hade en starkare korrelation med agility än vad unilateral effektutveckling och agility hade hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare i division 2. Background: Unilateral training is considered to be a new field of interest within the science of sports. Traditionally most of the strength and conditioning training is performed bilaterally even though the majority of motions in sports are carried out unilaterally. Previous studies have examined the correlations between agility and power output but few of them investigated the difference between unilateral and bilateral power output and agility. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether the correlation between unilateral power output and agility is stronger than the correlation between bilateral power output and agility in female division 2 soccer players. Method: Female soccer players (n=13, age 23 ± 4 years) performed loaded counter movement jumps with 20 kg, 30 kg and 40 kg for both legs, left leg and right leg and with 50 kg for both legs and T-test and Pro agility test. Power output, in relation to body weight for both legs (PBbw), left leg (PVbw) and right leg (PHbw) was analyzed and correlated against T-test (Ttest) and Pro agility test (Proagility). Results: Significant correlations were found between agility and both left unilateral (PVbw-Ttest, r = -0,578) and bilateral (PBbw-Ttest, r = -0,741; PBbw-Proagility, r = -0,555) power output, where the bilateral correlation was the strongest. No significant correlation was found between the right leg and agility. Conclusion: Bilateral power output had a stronger correlation with agility than unilateral power output and agility in female division 2 soccer players.

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on maximal strength, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press. Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg. All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks. Initial value for power output showed a mean of 265 watt, which also showed an increase with an average of 7 watt (with a load equivalent of 60 % of 1 RM at the current test occasion), respectively an increase of 41 watt (with the load performed during the first test occasion). A positive correlation existed between the load at 60 % of 1 RM and achieved power output. No significant differences between groups were exposed concerning estimated maximum strength or power output in bench press. All participants showed an increase in strength development, indicating that vibration stimuli could be compared to traditional push ups training without vibrations. Vibrations seem to have more effects on the magnitude of recruited motor units, why vibrations training could be a good complement to established strength training. Abstract 2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on strength development, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press. The purpose was also to examine what roll self-efficacy plays in strength tasks. Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks. All participants answered a battery of questionnaires concerning backgrounds, motives for sport participation, self-efficacy and efficacy sources. Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg (sd = 13, 8). All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks. Initial value for power output showed a mean of 265 watt, which also showed an increase with an average of 7 watt (with a load equivalent of 60 % of 1 RM at the current test occasion), respectively an increase of 41 watt (with the load performed during the first test occasion). A positive correlation existed between the load at 60 % of 1 RM and achieved power output. No significant differences between groups were exposed concerning estimated maximum strength or power output in bench press. Gender differences showed that men lifted significantly heavier loads at 60 % of 1RM compared to women. No significant differences could be seen between the groups concerning self efficacy. Gender differences were exposed concerning self-efficacy to push ups with a pat. The efficacy sources “performance accomplishments” was valuated to be the most influential to form self-efficacy expectations. A strong positive relationship between “performance accomplishments” and achieved self-efficacy to push ups with pats were shown. Self-efficacy to push ups with a pat also correlated positively with power output and performed 60 % of 1 RM in bench press. All participants showed an increase in strength development, indicating that vibration stimuli could be compared to traditional push ups training without vibrations. Vibrations seem to have more effects on the magnitude of recruited motor units, why vibrations training could be a good complement to established strength training. Participants relatively high self-efficacy to strength tasks is probably a result of performance accomplishments in there own strength straining rather than the intervention training. Positive relationships between self-efficacy and power output as well as performed 60 % of 1 RM in bench press, indicating that high self-efficacy have a positive influence on strength performance. Keywords: estimated maximal strength (1RM), neuromuscular activity, power output, self-efficacy.