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One of the purposes with this master’s thesis is to shed light on tacit knowledge in the reference interview. Theoretical starting points are Robert Taylor’s report about question-negotiation and information-seeking in libraries, tacit knowledge, the concept of horizon in human consciousness and conversation methodology. The empirical material has been collected through the qualitative methods shadowing and interview. The thesis has a section that delves into the method of shadowing, as this turned out to be a useful method to perceive tacit knowledge in reference interviews. The study’s second purpose aims therefore to investigate if shadowing can be developed to perceive and describe tacit knowledge in unspoken work situations, like a reference interview. The empirical analysis shows aspects and components of tacit knowledge in the reference interview. It also shows strategies developed and used by librarians to be able to help users to find the information they express that they need. Shadowing was a useful method in the study, as it can capture nuances and non-verbal details in the interplay between librarian and user. This is a two years master's thesis in Library and information science.

Loss of biodiversity is a global concern and one of the affected habitats are meadows, where we have a large species richness among fungi and vascular plants who interact in ways that are poorly researched. Many of these meadow species are severely affected by reduced meadow areas which have been converted into farmland, lost their rich flora and mycota because of added fertilizers or have been left unmanaged. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is any connection between species richness in plants and fungi on meadows, if the meadow age affects species richness, and if environmental variables such as pH, shadowing, moss and soil type has an effect on species richness. During the summer of 2021 plants were counted and in the fall the fungi was counted. Statistical analysis was performed on two different datasets, one with all species counted, one with plant species that have their main habitat on meadows, and fungi commonly known as waxcaps. The result showed a significant connection in species richness between plants and fungi when all species were tested and when a selection of meadow living species was tested. The effect of time showed that the youngest meadow contained the least number of species. Shadowing for plants had a significant negative effect when all species were counted, and all other tests of GLM-models showed significant effects on plants by fungi and vice versa. The results show that there is an interaction between plants and fungi, although we today have a poor knowledge about the actual functionality of these interactions. Other studies have tested low-cost methods to establish meadows in cities and ski slopes, where it is possible to create new suitable habitats for species that have meadows as their main habitat. One of the meadows in this study shows that overgrown meadows can be restored with great results. Förlust av biodiversitet är ett globalt problem och ett av de habitat som påverkas är ängarna, där det finns en stor artrikedom bland svampar och växter som interagerar med varandra på ett sätt som i dag är dåligt utrett. Många av dessa arter hotas av kraftigt minskande arealer av ängar vilka har gjorts om till åkrar, gödslats så att de har förlorat sin rika flora och funga samt växer igen då de inte längre anses vara användbara. I denna studie undersöks om det går att finna ett samband mellan antalet arter av växter på en äng och antalet arter av svampar samtidigt som påverkan av tiden lokalen har varit en äng testas. Dessutom undersöks vilken påverkan pH, skugga, täckning av mossa och jordtyp kan ha. Under sommaren 2021 inventerades växter och därefter svamparna under hösten. Analysen gjordes i två olika indelningar där alla arter togs med i en och den andra en reducerad indelning där enbart ängsspecifika växter och vaxskivlingar togs med. Datat analyserades statistiskt och resultatet visade att det finns ett signifikant samband mellan antalet arter av växter och antalet arter av svampar både när alla arter räknades in och när de specifikt ängslevande arterna togs med. Effekten av tiden ängarna varit hävdade visade flera signifikanta resultat där tendensen var att den yngsta ängen innehöll minst antal arter. Skuggning visade en signifikant negativ effekt på antalet växtarter när alla arter togs med och övriga statistiska test med GLM visade en signifikant påverkan av växter på svampar och omvänt. Detta resultat visar att det finns interaktioner mellan svampar och växter på ängarna, även om vi idag inte har så god kännedom om hur interaktionen faktiskt fungerar. Det finns undersökningar som visar att det med relativt billiga metoder går att skapa nya ängar både i städer och i skidbackar för att skapa nya lämpliga habitat för ängslevande arter samtidigt som en av ängarna i denna studie visar att vi med rätt vilja kan väcka liv i en äng som under lång tid fått växa igen.

Solar parks are increasingly getting a larger market share of PV installations over the world, and have for the last couple of years managed to establish itself in the Swedish market. The market has for a long time been known for its decline in module prices, which has allowed an emergence of more efficient PV-techniques such as one-axis trackers and bifacial modules. Bifacial modules use the backside of modules for improved utiliziation of incoming light, while one-axis trackers have the ability to track the sun in order to maximise light absorption. These innovations have now caught the interest of companies willing to invest in large-scale PV-farms, where efficient land use is highly regarded. The aim of this thesis was to examine how bifacial modules and one-axis trackers perform in terms of system performance and profitabilty if implemented in 'Solpark Fyrislund', a solar park owned by Vasakronan AB. This was done by modelling and simulating cases in which said techniques were incorporated. The data was later used to estimate profitabilty of each investigated case. Results showed that the highest system performance and profitability was achieved by installing bifacial modules on the site. One-axis trackers are currently too expensive, require higher maintenance and has a higher demand for land, resulting in its profitability not being justified. It was also found that the current configuration could be optimized further for higher profit, by slightly reducing the pitch as well as increasing the tilt of the existing modules. The study should be followed up by further investigating the use of backtracking for one-axis trackers. Said innovations should also be more established in the Swedish market so that CAPEX- and OPEX prices become more accessible.

This qualitative study is based on a complex of problems relating to children's different preconditions to apprehend verbal communication, in combination with the fact that musical activities to a great part is communicated through verbal semiotic resources. The intention of the study is to draw attention to children's altered actorship in relation to three different semiotic resources and to discuss how we can create musical activities that allows every child to approach it with a varied form of actorship.Activities where the questions “how and who” was approached from a perspective of music didactics have been carried out in two different preschools where the participants where children aged one and five. The music sessions consisted of a percussion orchestra communicated through the semiotic resources where we in different ways let the children participate in different roles. The empirical data has been collected through video observations of the activities, from witch a transcription was made. Semiotic rescources, multimodality, music didactics and actorship form the basis of this study’s theoretical frame of reference and the concepts used for analysing the results.The analysis of the study shows that the children's linguistic development influenced their capabilities to apprehend articulated musical concepts and therefore contributes to the child's actorship. Also the results show how some children to a greater degree embrace the instructions that are given through physical semiotic resources, while some show a greater understanding through verbal semiotic resources as a way of communicating. This affected the children's capabilities to participate in varied forms of actorship.The analysis further shows the significance of spatial semiotic resources for the child and it’s actorship, for example how the amount of a specific artefact, in this case an instrument, can contribute to the child's capability to participate in the actorship.

In this essay I try to find out how the local political climate in the Swedish Municipal Örebro looks like through the eyes of Michel Foucault. I’ve been focusing on the concept power, knowledge and politic. I’ve been applying the discourse theory on the study and the founder of that theory is Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau, the discoursetheory is a refinement of Foucaults thoughts about discourse. The object of study is the Mayor of Örebro, Staffan Werme and the position connected to that post. I’ve used the method “shadowing”, and I’ve been following the Mayor in every physical room that he appears in for nearly two weeks. The aim is too see which subject-position that the Mayor ascribes to in those different rooms, and also how the concept of power is used.