Search

The rapid technological developments of the new millennium have presented exciting challenges to the well-established field of cultural memory studies. Today, it behoves us analyse the ways in which digital systems make it possible to store, copy, and decentralize memories, making them increasingly accessible on the Internet. The digital media offer gateways to the past that are more comprehensive as well as free and open. The cultural artefacts, pictures, and documents that in previous eras were exclusively a matter for libraries, archives, and museums are now increasingly and at an accelerating rate becoming available online. The aim of this article is twofold. It introduces a new field of cultural research, one that lies on the border between historical memory studies and media and communication research. It then argues for the importance of a media history angle on the subject of media and memory, an angle that recognizes that the media not only mirrors but also shapes our culture. This article raises the question of whether we as historians in fact alter our definitions of 'memory', 'storage', and 'archive' in the context of digital media. And, if so, what the consequences might be for historical memory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 23 1961, a large civil defense exercise took place in the Swedish capital of Stockholm. About 30,000 participating civilians were swiftly evacuated from the city centre to the countryside by cars, buses and trains. The aim of the exercise was very serious: to test the civil defense organization in a time of nuclear threat. The event was ultimately evaluated as successful and educationally constructive; however, contemporary media provided a different interpretation. The article analyzes the media framing of the evacuation from the perspective of Cold War cultural studies and in particular the study of the culture of civil defense. Three key frames are identified in the press coverage: the calm order, the joyful fiesta, and the welfare monarchy. All three could be considered examples of a surprisingly dominant idyllic framing of the event as a cheerful and carefree Sunday picnic. This is discussed by contrasting the dark warfare narrative of the Cold War to the welfare narrative of the folkhem, literally people s home. The question is raised whether the idyllic framing is an answer to an all-encompassing fear of nuclear annihilation or, on the contrary, if the Cold War at this time was in fact too distant to engage the neutral Swedes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]