1. The effect of anesthetics on carotenoid pigmentation and behavior in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
- Author
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Eva Brännäs, Jan Nilsson, Martina Heynen, Tobias Backström, and Carin Magnhagen
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Ecology ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Melanin ,Plasma cortisol ,chemistry ,Arctic char ,Anesthetic ,Fish and Aquacultural Science ,medicine ,Rainbow trout ,sense organs ,Salmo ,Carotenoid ,Salvelinus ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Status of individual animals is often shown in pigmentation. For instance, stress responsiveness is associated with melanin-based pigmentation in vertebrates in general. This pattern is evident in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), with melanin-based spots indicating stress coping style. Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) differ from other salmonids in pigmentation but have an association between carotenoid-based pigmentation and stress coping style. These pigmentation differences could be used as a fast and simple tool for improving breeding programs. However, the procedure for photographing individuals is stressful. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if 3 common inhalation anesthetics could be used to reduce the stress involved in the procedure compared to a no-anesthetics group. Behavior was also monitored during the anesthetization. All 3 anesthetics (Aquacalm, Benzocaine, and MS-222) differed in pigmentation compared to the no-anesthetics group by having a higher number of spots. In the anesthetic treatments as well as the no-anesthetics group, the fish had elevated plasma cortisol levels. In fact, the no-anesthetics group had higher cortisol than treated fish. This was probably because of procedural differences such as time affecting the stress response. Furthermore, in a long-term experiment, all fish survived and had similar condition factors 1 week after photographing as before. Therefore, the method for photographing Arctic char is deemed safe and could be used as a tool for estimating stress coping style, but careful planning is needed for experiments using it.
- Published
- 2015