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Mercury is one of the metals used in mining, and when it is disposed of in the soil or water, its distribution and toxic exposure are magnified. The use of microorganisms to remove metals in water provides some opportunities to explore their impact. The objective of this research is to explore the ability to tolerate mercury, of isolates of Pseudomonas spp. gender, recovered from sewage. Water from the Ciénega de Ayapel (Córdoba) and the Cauca River, in Caucasia (Antioquia), were taken and analyzed microbiologically: spread on the Cetrimide agar and biochemical identification by Vitek (bioMérieux). The Pseudomonas spp. isolates were exposed to mercuric sulfate concentrations supplementing BHI medium, using the tube technique (up to 500 mg/L) and microplate (up to 75 mg/L), to identify the tolerance to the metal. As a result, we obtained six Pseudomonas spp. isolates with the capacity to grow in concentrations between 75 and 400 mg/L of mercuric sulfate, showing viability, precipitation, pigmentation, and fluorescence in the medium as protection mechanisms against the metal. Pseudomonas species have been mentioned in several experiments related to the removal of mercury and derived compounds. In conclusion, it was determined that native isolates of Pseudomonas with the ability to tolerate different concentrations of mercury could be used in processes that accompany the removal of this metal, going deeper into the interaction mechanism with the metal so that it is applied in future leachates obtained from mining before being disposed of in the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Slaughterhouse wastewater has high concentration of organic matter, both dissolved and suspended, and a high concentration of fats. Over the last decades these effluents have been released to the environment without previous treatment, threatening public health and environmental sustainability, in this way its treatment is an economic and public health need. Biological treatment is an efficient and safe alternative, using bacteria that feed, through the cytoplasmic membrane, on the soluble fraction of organic matter. Objective: To determine the influence of native microorganisms in the treatment of slaughterhouses wastewater. Material and Methods: effluents from five slaughterhouses located in the city of Trujillo were collected, and we worked in two groups: the first group with static effluent (control) and the second group with effluent with aeration at 0,5vvm reason. COD, BOD5 and final oils and fats after three days of treatment; the initial values were measured. Results: an efficiency of 83% and 44% in decreasing of COD and BOD5 was observed, which is higher than the results obtained in the control group; the oils and fats decreased in the effluent was minimal. Conclusion: the treatment of slaughterhouses wastewater by activated sludge is an efficient alternative to reduce the level of pollution of these effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Slaughterhouse operations generate complex and variable effluent with high concentration of organic matter, mainly composed of proteins and their degradation products, and fats, regarded as an industry with high pollution potential. To propose alternatives for the treatment of wastewater in these processes should be evaluated a number of variables to determine the best alternative to implement. This is necessary to characterize these discharges taking into account the basic parameters of water quality. Objective: To characterize the effluents from different sewage treatment plants of the city of Trujillo. Methods: spot samples of wastewater were taken on 5 slaughterhouses in Trujillo and the physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics of each effluent was performed by measuring pH, temperature, Total Dissolved Solids, Salinity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), sulphides, ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, total phosphorus, total and thermotolerant coliforms, mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Salmonella sp. Results: The values of COD, BOD5, Oil and Grease, Total Dissolved Solids, Total and Thermotolerant Coliforms in the 5 slaughterhouses are elevated according to the parameters set in the DS 2009 PRODUCE; besides the presence of Salmonella sp. Conclusion: BOD / COD relationship (> 0.6) allows us to infer that the organic matter is biodegradable, which is easily removed by bacterial action and adequate oxygenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, water sanitation laws and methods (both Mexican and international) are compared, and the feasibility of incorporating recommendations issued by international organizations into Mexican legislation is assessed. When climate, demographic, or industry changes occur, there is an apparent need to broaden the range of substances and organisms being measured and regulated in the water. This comparative analysis identifies the following challenges: improving equipment sensitivity and specificity; removing contaminants that interfere with the process; increasing pathogen concentration of the sample; reducing manpower, equipment, and infrastructure requirements; identifying priority pathogens; adopting a flexible evaluation system; comparing and evaluating similar efforts carried out by other countries; and lastly, collating local regulations with international ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]