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The avian influenza virus was first identified in China in 1996, but it was in 2021 when numerous outbreaks of avian influenza began in different regions of the world, including Mexico. This virus has caused a significant impact on animal health and well-being, since it mainly affects wild birds, poultry and other animals, including humans, putting the food security and subsistence of those who depend on it at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the emergence of monkeypox in Europe, this disease has gradually spread throughout the rest of the world. In Mexico, epidemiological notices have been issued with the main guidelines to follow in terms of epidemiological surveillance and official figures have been published regularly on a microsite weeks after the first cases. These sources of information were reviewed and analyzed, based on which observations are issued, in addition to other relevant publications on the subject, with the interest of reinforcing the surveillance of this disease in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se desarrollaron dos experimentos en las campañas 2016-2017 y 2017-2019 sobre un suelo Fluvisol en la Estación Experimental Agrícola, perteneciente al Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias "Jorge Dimitrov", para determinar el rendimiento en ocho cultivares de tomate en la provincia Granma y su comportamiento frente a begomovirus. Estos se plantaron en surcos individuales de 10 m de largo, en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres réplicas. La distancia de plantación fue de 1,40x0, 25 m por tratamiento. Se aplicó análisis de varianza factorial en la incidencia de la mosca blanca y severidad del virus y de clasificación doble en el rendimiento. La comparación múltiple de medias se realizó por la prueba de Tukey para P=0,05. Los resultados mostraron que tanto la incidencia de Mosca blanca, como la severidad del virus, expresaron valores bajos, entre 3,0 y 10,2 insectos por planta en el primero y entre 1,02 y 1,31 % de plantas afectadas en el segundo. Los cultivares que mostraron mayores rendimientos fueron HC-2580, HC-7880 y Rilia con valores de 31,4, 31,0 y 29,6 t ha-1, respectivamente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is characterized by fever, cough, and affection of the lower respiratory tract. It is associated with age, comorbidities and a weakened immune system. Typically, lymphopenias have been evidenced in severe cases and an excessive production of inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), which would explain the role of the hyperinflammatory response in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Secondary inflammatory responses from virus reinfections may induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a viremic phenomenon that may be an alternative mechanism of cellular infection and should be considered when designing vaccines or immunotherapies involving the stimulation of neutralizing antibodies or the use of monoclonal antibodies. Currently, no vaccines or treatments demonstrate safety and efficacy in patients with COVID-19. However, the results from phase III clinical trials which involve the application of an mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) nucleic acid vaccine and an antiviral drug (remdisivir), are yet to be concluded. For the time being, the best measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is by implementing social isolation, this measure has been adopted by several countries as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to describe manifestations from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), sociodemographic variables such as, previous medical history, clinical and radiological manifestations, treatments and evolution of patients were evaluated. This took place from March 6th to 25th, 2020, in the "Edgardo Rebagliati Martins" National Hospital in Lima. Seventeen patients were registered: 76% were male, with an average age of 53.5 years (range 25-94); 23.5% had returned from abroad; 41.2% were referred from other health facilities; 41.2% were admitted to mechanical ventilation; 29.4% (5 patients) died. The risk factors detected were: advanced age, arterial hypertension and obesity. The main symptoms detected were: cough, fever and dyspnea. Frequent laboratory findings were: elevated C-reactive protein and lymphopenia. The predominant radiological presentation was bilateral interstitial lung infiltrate. A first experience in the management of patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 in Peru is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is an infrequent entity, 90% of the cases are associated with the ingestion of drugs. Scarce reports exist regarding non drug-related acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, the trigger factors described are virus or bacterias, usually as causal agents of upper respiratory tract infections. We present the case of a 19-year old patient who developed superficial pustules starting in the main folds and then becoming generalized, after suffering from an episode of nasopharyngitis, with skin biopsy compatible with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, fulfilling diagnostic criteria according to EuroSCAR for such pathology. Since there was a history of an upper respiratory tract infection, with no previous drug intake, the former is considered to be the cause of the clinical case described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cytomegalovirus infection after a heart transplant is a recurrent medical condition. Its frequency increases when the donors are serum-positive, and the recipients are serum-negative to this virus. In the pediatric population, the infection only develops in a small percentage and the patients rarely present resistance to conventional treatment with ganciclovir and valganciclovir. We presented the first report of a pediatric case of the cytomegalovirus infection resistant to ganciclovir and valganciclovir after a heart transplant in a Peruvian public hospital with an unusual presentation. The resistance to these drugs was evident after 277 days of evolution of the disease considering the non-remission of the symptomatology and the persistence of an elevated viral load. The administration of foscarnet led to a clinical and laboratory improvement until remission of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Myocarditis is the inflammation of the myocardial tissue, primarily caused by viral infection. Dilated cardiomyopathy (MD) is the most serious complication. Immunomodulatory therapy is not validated in these patients; however, it appears to offer benefits in the prognosis of this disease. The aim of this work was to determine the prognosis of immunomodulatory therapy in the development of MD in pediatric patients with viral myocarditis effect. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients between 4 and 17 years diagnosed with viral myocarditis was integrated. It was considered as the main exposure treatment, which was divided into two types: normal (drugs targeted for heart failure and antiviral exclusively) and immunomodulatory (hyperimmune immunoglobulin, azathioprine and prednisone plus usual treatment). Time between diagnosis and treatment, history of asystole and positive for enterovirus and adenovirus antibodies: as measured confounders. The follow-up was 48 months. The outcome variable was the MD (LV diastolic diameter > + 2 Z-score and positive biopsy). Results: 31 patients were obtained with a median of 5 (4-15) years; 6 received immunomodulatory therapy and regular rest. The MD was presented in 17% of patients exposed to immunomodulatory therapy vs. 35% traditional, with HR = 0.5 (0.1-0.7). Conclusions: Inmunodulatory therapy is a protective factor for MD in patients with viral myocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection Zika virus is an emerging disease in the Americas region, which is caused by Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of the flavivirus genus. The ZIKV is transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, both in urban and jungle area. After the mosquito bite, the disease symptoms usually appear after an incubation period of three to twelve days. The infection may be asymptomatic or presented with fever and not purulent conjunctivitis, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, asthenia, maculopapular rash, edema in lower limbs and, less frequently, retro-orbital pain, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea or pain abdominal. Symptoms last for 4-7 days and are self-limiting. Neurological and autoimmune complications are rare. Since 2014 it has been detected native circulation of Zika virus in the Americas. So far, there is no specific antiviral treatment or effective vaccine, so it's giving priority symptomatic and supportive treatment for the acute phase and make an early diagnosis of atypical and severe forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia, yams (Dioscorea spp.) are grown in the Caribbean region, with Dioscorea alata L. and Dioscorea rotundata Poir. most cultivated species. One of the limiting factors in these crops are diseases caused by viruses, especially by Potyvirus that cause decreased production of tubers and significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of yams viruses in the department of Sucre. Visits were made to crops Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata in five municipalities in the department and the presence of foliar symptoms was registered. Leaf samples were taken and Potyvirus diagnosis was performed by ELISA-DAS indirect technique. Furthermore, indicator plants were inoculated with extracts prepared from plants with viral symptoms and Potyvirus positive. All crops visited showed symptoms associated with Potyvirus yam, such as banding, mottling, chlorosis and leaf deformation. The municipalities with the highest symptomatic incidence were Sampués (82.5%), Sincelejo (79.5%) and San Juan de Betulia (71.6%). Potyvirus was detected in symptomatic plants and indicator plants, where developed symptoms similar to those found in the field. Crops yam of department of Sucre present high incidence of Potyvirus what would cause economic losses to producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a nine year-old girl, previously healthy, attended in the Emergency Department for acute neurological complaint of 24 hours evolution, consistent with cerebellitis (fever, ataxia, tremors, dysdiadochokinesia), without evidence of heart failure. Electrocardiography showed changes suggest viral myocarditis probably with severe injury to conduction system manifested by right bundle branch block, with fast progression to second-degree atrioventricular block that recovery with steroid bolus. She was sent to tertiary pediatric center outcome to lethal arrhythmia. Echocardiography and resonance magnetic imaging allow a more acute diagnostic. Complex molecular interactions between viruses and host immune response mediated pathophysiology therefore immunoglobulin IV and interferon are promissory treatments. Myocarditis is a big challenge diagnostic by high risk of mortality and severe chronic cardiac sequels. Electrocardiography remains as a highlight diagnostic tool within emergency room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is diminished by the onslaught of disease throughout the crop cycle, reducing farmers' incomes in the central part of the Ecuadorian coast. The objective of this research was to identify which are the diseases that occur, and quantify them in 21 bean genetic materials in Quevedo city. Described the agents causing the damping off after emergence, and the diseases present in the bean agroecosystem. Also quantified the severity (%) of foliar diseases in plants and per plot, rust (Uromyces appendiculatus), web blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and incidence (%) of virus and root rot. Pathogens were found in the damping off (Fusarium spp. and R. solani), predominant foliar diseases (U. appendiculatus, R. solani and Macrophomina phaseolina), the presence of viruses and microorganisms promoters eventually root rot (fusarium, rhizoctonia and macrofomina). Different pattern was evident among the cultivars evaluated. The materials were a lower intensity of phytosanitary problems were the CAL - 96, EVG - 06 - 103, Cf4 0-0-4-8, INIAP-473 and Cf4 0-0-12-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aim: Aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis constitute clinical important problems. The most frequent etiological agents reported are viruses, mainly enteroviruses (ECHOvirus, Coxsackievirus, Non-polio enterovirus), ARBOviruses and Herpes. Objective: To search for the most frequent viral agents of aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in patients at a teaching hospital by means of the identification of viral genome. Material and Methods: The study group included patients with the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis admitted to the University Hospital Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez from 2005 to 2008. A sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, 1-2 mL) was obtained from each patient, DNA and RNA were extracted, and later a search for genomic sequences of enteroviruses, Herpes type 1 and 2 and West Nile virus was performed by polymerase chain reaction, following standardized and strict quality controlled protocols. Results: We analyzed 30 CSF samples from 30 enrolled patients. None of the patients were positive by polymerase chain reaction for the mentioned virus. Among the relevant clinical data we found that the presence of stupor or comma were related to death (p = 0.005). Additionally we found three deaths occurred in the meningoencephalitis group (p = 0.021). Conclusions: We did not find the genome of the studied viruses in CSF from the studied patients, probably due to limited population size, quality of the sample and/or different epidemiology in our community. The clinical and laboratory information of the studied patients is similar to the one reported in previous studies. Effort must continue in further studies increasing the number of patients in order to know the etiology of this kind of diseases in our community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antibodies are one of the most important components of the immune system against infections. So far, little is known about the contribution of antibodies in the protection against the SARS-CoV-2. Measuring antibody levels in the population will allow to determine who has been infected; this could also be useful to know if people with certain levels of antibodies are already protected against the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibodies are one of the most important components of the immune system against infections. So far, little is known about the contribution of antibodies in the protection against the virus SARS-CoV-2 which cause of the actual pandemic disease COVID-19. Measuring antibody levels in the population will allow to determine the who was infected despite being asymptomatic, this could also be useful to know if people with certain levels of antibodies are already protected agaisnt the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every time a pandemic occurs, dozens of theories emerge to attribute the origin of the event to different facts. The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit virtually all the globe, has been no exception. What is known so far about the origin of the virus that causes COVID-19? The first investigations on the origin of this disease have determined that it is a new type of virus, the origin of which is most likely zoonotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]