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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be associated with several malignancies. This virus has tropism for B lymphocytes and is capable of establishing latency programs that alter the maturation pathway of these lymphocytes to persist latently in memory B cells. During its latency programs, EBV expresses viral proteins such as LMP-1 and LMP-2a, which prevent apoptosis and promote differentiation of the infected cell. These viral proteins are oncogenic and allow the survival of B lymphocytes with malignant mutations. The ontogeny of B lymphocytes includes highly mutagenic processes such as: V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation (SMH) and class switch recombination (CSR). In this review, we will describe basic aspects of the EBV life cycle and the maturation process of B lymphocytes leading to the formation of antibody-producing plasma cells or memory B cells. The aim of this review is to understand how these two events are highly interrelated and how their intersection increases the risk of lymphoma development. A better understanding of the interaction between EBV and the B cell ontogeny may contribute to the development of new therapeutic, diagnostic or preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 has a predilection for cell groups that are rich in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, which are distributed throughout the human body, which means that, in addition to the primary site of contagion or primary infection, which is the respiratory system, the virus tends to spread by different mechanisms, affecting practically all the known organs, apparatuses and systems, with which its tropism becomes extensive, being able to condition diverse pictures together with the respiratory one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the framework of W.R. Bion's tropism concept, we seek to exemplify the presence of such instances in the life and work of José Asunción Silva, Development: For which the objective, we theoritically describe Bion's tropisms. We also differenciate between the concept of tropism and the freudian theory of insticts (Triebe). We chose, to ilustrate tropism or searching patterns which operates from the beginnings of the mental apparatus, to study the life and work of an author of the utmost importance in the field of latin american poetry: José Asunción Silva. Conclusions: Bion considers that the patient who seeks psychological help, is motivated by the Tropism of Creativity. Unfortunately, in the poet finally prevailed the Tropism of murder, which ended in the suicidal act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The research was made based on Bion's ideas about the intuitive cappabilities related to the tropisms, working as strange atractors. Development: The authors think that tropisms-- which could be defined by the key words tendencies "in search of ..."-are patterns of search present from the very initial stages of the mental apparatus. Tropisms may manifest themselves in any of their three propensities-murder, parasitism and creation-- as "strange attractors". These "strange attractors" derived from the field of mathematics are reflected in Bion's theory as "selected facts" which can be discerned in a complex emotional experience. Results and Conclusions: Intuition is one of the ways through which these tropisms may be grasped. Intuition is a capacity used as an instrument to register emergent unconscious mental activity, anxiety and psychic pain. Intuition is also part of the pattern called "psychoanalytic function of the personality", which includes three dimensions: myth, passion and common sense. The "psychoanalytic function of the personality", the intuitive capacity and the capacity for rêverie enable "thoughts without a thinker" to be captured. These capacities relate to the state of being "without memory, without desire and without understanding". This state paves the way for the "dream-like memory" to surface, only if conscious memories and desires do not become saturated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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