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Introduction: Spiders are poisonous arthropods, and their accident is called "Arachnidism," which in our territory is produced mainly by the Loxoceles, Latrodectus, and Phoneutria genera. There are other spiders with a lower clinical risk. Objective: This article aims to contextualize the reader on the impact of these poisonous animals on Colombian people's health from the clinical-epidemiological perspective, assessing concepts and presenting theoretical foundations. Methodology: was reviewed 117 articles during the period between February 2019 and June 2020, using the Medline, Scopus, Bione, Ebsco, Lilacs, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. There are also presented two cases, one in La Mesa, Cundinamarca, and another in Sincelejo, Sucre. Conclusions: It is concluded that spiders of clinical - epidemiological importance are widely distributed in the national territory, being those with the most significant impact Phoneutria, Latrodectus, and Loxoceles, the latter being one that causes the most significant effects on human and animal populations in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]