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The article has the objective to compare poverty rates of elderly people between 2018 and 2020, after the universalization of the non-contributory pension during the 2018-2024 presidential period in Mexico, in order to know if there is a change on elderly people's poverty rates. Also, the article aims to know if this policy change has a regressive impact in the whole pension system distribution. The paper uses as a reference for the analysis the International Labour Organization (ILO) guidelines. It compares poverty of different social groups of elderly people in 2018 and 2020 using the National Survey of Households Income and Expenditure. The paper concludes that elderly people's poverty situation is better in 2020. However, there is an increase on inequality in pensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Colombian pension system has changed its operation through the implementation of laws 100/1993 and 797/2003, which allowed the duality of schemes between the average premium scheme and singular capitalization. These laws did not have the behavior of the essential variable of the base settlement income. The work estimates the recommended base settlement income not to generate fiscal impact and those of maintaining the pension system's duality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expectations of retirement in this country are increasingly distant under the unusual reforms suffered by the pension system and make burdensome the opportunity to access the labor and social law respectively, for reasons including the lack of economic sustainability, does not guarantee any Colombian citizen through the state or private funds, may have during her old age a happy and peaceful experience. With so many legal and administrative ramblings to implement a real pension system in Colombia, after the reform of the ICSS, as a result of corruption, inefficient application of the law 100 of 1993 which created the General System of Integrated Social Security, suppression and liquidation of social security institutions and the systematic tramitomania difficult process, it is unattainable this right belongs to every worker, having worked for about 25 years. Worryingly, only one in ten Colombian citizens reach retirement, ie the remaining 90%, stay out of this opportunity. Also, concerned the knowledge that 83% of those receiving pension in this country from private funds fail to obtain two minimum wages, than the precarious Colombian pensioner lives is concluded. Enlarge repeatedly age and contribution period has been becoming a systematic mockery of the dependent worker and utopia achieving a pension after many years of work and saving. The celebrated philosopher, politician and visionary Greek teacher Plato, pose in their series of writings that "an ideal world in which all members were living happy and satisfied was only possible if the world was a just world, as a state is ideal if he reigns in righteousness. Unfortunately today in Colombia these principles became inoperative, because the notion of social justice was also lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to evolve from an export-based economic model towards a different model where domestic consumption plays a larger role is what has driven the Chinese government to design new social policies to give households greater confidence and boost consumption levels. The 13th Five-Year Plan 2016-2020 includes measures to expand the coverage of the pension system, health insurance, and unemployment insurance, and also provides for a new raise to the minimum wage. However, there are still significant challenges to come and high expectations for how these programs will develop. This paper analyzes the impact of the reforms adopted up until now and examines the scope of the initiatives set forth in the 13th Five-Year Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]