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Positive animal welfare (PAW) is a relatively recent idea that emphasizes the good experiences to improve the mental state. The objective of this review was, describe the indicators used in bovine welfare protocols, identify the domains considered, and establish a proposal focused on indicators to assess positive welfare. It was identified that the protocols require excessive evaluation times, qualify by granting a single score and do not allow regional adaptations according to the critical conditions that may exist in different countries. Furthermore, the main focus of the existing protocols is on the first 3 domains (nutrition, physical environment and health), leaving the recording of the behavior and the mental state of the animals to a lesser degree of importance. A series of indicators were specified, which would promote positive well-being, related to the domains of physical environment and behavioral interactions, emphasizing comfort, environmental, social, sensory, and nutritional enrichment. In conclusion including the diagnosis of the mental state of animals in a comprehensive way is necessary to identify shortcomings and propose improvements that contribute to improving the quality of life of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CIE Knowledge, Research & Education Magazine / Revista Conocimiento, Investigación y Educación CIE is the property of CIE Knowledge, Research & Education Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contextos Educativos is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Materia Arquitectura is the property of Universidad San Sebastian and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: minor surgery includes a series of surgical procedures, with simple and brief techniques, performed on superficial tissues or easily accessible structures, under local anesthesia and with little risk of post-surgical complications. Objective: to describe the quality of medical care for minor surgery in the urban units of the first level of care in the city of Tulcán, Ecuador. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban units of the first level of care in the city of Tulcán, aimed at medical and nursing staff, which together total 42 professionals. These professionals underwent a survey related to the infrastructure, supplies, knowledge and performance of health personnel in minor surgery procedures. Results: health units do not have infrastructure, equipment, necessary supplies and a protocol that allows these procedures to be carried out safely, so patients have to be referred to the second level of care. Conclusions: the systematization of the action protocols, the implementation and the standardization of the minor surgery procedures guarantee the safety, relevance and opportunity of the action of the health personnel in favor of the users in the first level of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The massive demonstrations that took place in Chile since October 2019 have unfortunately resulted in massive violations of human rights. Among the victims were also people with disabilities, who suffered from police actions to control public order during the protests. The purpose of this article is to report the violations suffered by this group as a contribution to their political memory, using as a source national media and human rights reports, and to review whether the protocols for the maintenance of public order of the Chilean police "Carabineros de Chile", the main responsible in this matter, contain specifc provisions for dealing with people with disabilities, that could have prevented such violations. All of this is in line with the observations of the fnal report for Chile of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In the absence of police regulations in Chile in accordance with the human rights of persons with disabilities, this article incorporates the internal recommendations that the National Disability Service of Chile has provided to that institution, all of them obtained through Law No. 20.285 on access to public information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biosafety protocols in dental care in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, in medical offices in Los Ceibos sector of Ibarra city during the period October 2021 to March 2022 had deficiencies, they do not have enough information about their application. The stated objective was the biosafety protocol's evaluation for dental care in the Los Ceibos sector. In this research, methods of the theoretical level have been used; as well as the empirical level, which are applied with their respective instruments, such as the interview guide and the questionnaire. With this preliminary result, it is concluded that the knowledge of the inhabitants about these protocols is regular. At the doctor's office does not possess all of the level of requisite information to achieve the effectiveness of the protocols so that a revision of the existent bibliography prevails over the theme to complement its implementation. 23 documentary sources was consulted, 18 of them in Spanish and 5 in English among primary sources and secondaries as well as another one back up acceded by means of the principal managers of quest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the covid-19 pandemic in Mexico, the health authorities called for confinement, while the electoral ones promoted going to vote. What did Mexicans decide? What were the lessons of the pandemic? How to solve the dilemma between confinement and going out to vote? This research longitudinally analyzes the data on electoral participation. It notes that the pandemic had temporary impacts on the elections but did not cause structural transformations in democracy. It proposes to solve the dilemma with electronic voting with a mobile device that Mexicans exercised abroad. A relevant finding shows that remote electronic voting encourages electoral participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Criminología, Criminalística y Seguridad Privada is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Criminologia Capitulo Nuevo Leon, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingente Americana is the property of Ingente Americana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Covid-19 has affected various sectors and one of them has been the tourism sector worldwide. Therefore, the objective of this article is to summarize the protocols that have been applied to the tourism sector in Chile, considering the situation of the pandemic. To do this, first, a characterization of Covid-19 is carried out, secondly, an analysis of the tourism sector is carried out, in accordance with the provisions of the World Tourism Organization. Subsequently, a schematic representation is presented that brings together the fundamental tourist elements considering the Covid-19. It is concluded that covid-19 is a virus that will be present for several years and that the tourism sector must adapt its business model for its sustainability over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Atacameños is the property of Estudios Atacamenos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Médico Sociales is the property of Colegio Medico de Chile (A.G.) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. In this research is evaluated the quality in the customer service of the emergency department of the public Hospital of Yopal, Casanare, Colombia. Method. This investigation is of descriptive, exploratory type, supported on several investigation techniques, starting with a questionnaire - survey where there is carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the quality of attention to the user, the capacity of the physical plant, comfort, safety and reliability of the service; besides, It is applied the technique of direct observation, analysis and interpretation of phenomena, events and facts that prevail in the area. Results. With this project it was possible to determine the satisfaction or conformity of the users of the first aid service and the application of the protocols of attention under quality standards, which is the treatment given by workers and health professionals toward users, if it is necessary to qualify the attention staff, if it is necessary to improve or modify the protocols, if changes or recommendations should be made to improve the quality of the attention. Conclusions. Yopal Hospital does not have enough capacity in the Emergency Department to meet the high demand coming from Yopal inhabitants and the surrounding municipalities, the incessant complaint of users claiming to be supposedly poorly served, the supposed nonperformance in its work towards the patients and relatives in most of the areas of the Hospital, lack of professional staff for the attention in the emergency department, long days of waiting for sick users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Identify barriers and strategies for implementation of the protocol for managing tuberculosis/ human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) coinfection in specialized care services in Ceará state, through evaluation research. Methods. The study followed iPIER methodology, a new initiative to help improve the implementation of health programs through the use of research that is conducted as a part of the implementation process. Data were collected on the structure and processes of 22 services and barriers were explored in four focus groups with 28 participants, from the standpoint of the health team, administrators, and users. The discussions were transcribed and interpreted with regard to the objectives of the study. Results. The information on structure and process revealed that six services manage TB/HIV coinfection and 16 do not. The barriers were: team members were unaware of the protocol; lack of clinical practice guidelines in the services; specialized care services working at all three levels of the health system; inadequate spaces for treatment of airborne diseases; and lack of communication with primary health care sectors for patient transfers. The results were discussed with teams and administrators in seminars held in the services and with program managers for sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS, hepatitis, and tuberculosis. Conclusions. Direct dialogue between administrators, implementers, users, and researchers generated knowledge about the services and led to joint preparation of modifications in workflow aimed at acceptance and use of the protocol; however, users continue to resist adherence to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective. The lip and palate clefts are the most frequent congenital craneofacial malformations. Their treatment must be multidisciplinary and sequential. Most cases need more than one reconstructive surgery during the patient's childhood and can extend to additional surgery in adulthood. Dental, auditory, speech, facial growth and psychological management are required. This is why all of the professionals that work in a cleft team should always communicate to obtain the most successful results. The objective of the present study is to standardize the management of lip and palate fissures in patients treated at the clinics located in Tijuana and Ensenada, and soon Mexicali and Hermosillo, cities located in the Northwest of Mexico. Methods. The patients involved have been treated in clinics for clefts in Tijuana, Ensenada, and very soon in Mexicali and Hermosillo, cities located in the Northwest of Mexico. In the cleft lip and palate clinics in Tijuana and Ensenada, the collaboration between Plastic Surgery, Pediatric Odontology, Orthodontics, Otorhinolaryngology, Speech Therapy, Family Therapy, Child Psychology and other disciplines has been crucial to treat and follow up on patients during the past 10 years. The esthetic and functional results have been optimal when the surgery is complemented by these other disciplines. Results. For this approach, the cleft lip and palate patient has to be evaluated as early as possible, and parents must be instructed in nutrition and other special needs, and in getting the patient ready for the first surgery which in most cases is the lip repair and the second, if needed, is the palate repair. It always has to be emphasized that the pediatric odontologist and the orthodontist play an important role in molding the nasal cartilages as well as the maxillary segments before the surgery, as well as dental health. The speech therapist will have an important role when the patient's speech development starts and an early audiologic assessment will guide the treatment with ear tubes placed by the otorhinolaryngologist in order to avoid auditory and speech problems. Conclusions. During their lifetime, these patients may need other surgical procedures such as lip and nasal revisions, alveolar bone graft, pharyngoplasties, pharyngeal flaps, maxillary distraction or orthognatic surgery; this last one when there have been facial growth problems or malocclusions. Before any of these surgeries, the exchange of assessment and therapeutic plans by the multidisciplinary team is necessary to obtain the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objectives. The psychological impact of hospitalization on patients admitted for a long period is variable and it's shown as an answer to stress and on how ill the hospitalized patient is. The objective of this investigation was to determine the main psychological disturbances and to design a protocol to know how to handle long-stay patients at the hospital. Patients and Method. In this investigation were applied tools such as the Anxiety inventory, Characteristic-status depression inventory and Sandin&Chorot strategies of confrontation test. We conduct a descriptive type study, guided by the annalistic empiric paradigm, quantity cut, non-experimental design, with a population of 50 patients and a sample of 15, non-probabilistic sample, intentional type, inclusion and exclusion criteria from the investigation were taken into account. Results.Among the most relevant aspects found, were discovered prominent depressive status, anxiety, low opened emotional expression, high positive reevaluation, which is very relevant to handle all long-stay patients at the hospital. Conclusions. Long-stay hospitalization is normally connected to the individual´s detachment of its natural environment, which can generate on patient states of sadness, anxiety and to trigger negative effects such as low emotional expression. These characteristics can be useful as a guide for health professionals, and we so, we design a model of more effective protocol, which would help the patient to face, in a better way, all the difficulties presented in the hospital field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variables in a research study are all that is measured, the information collected, or the data that is collected in order to answer the research questions, which are specified in the objectives. Their selection is essential to the research protocol. This article aims to point out the elements to be considered in the section of the variables. To avoid ambiguity, it is necessary to select only those that will help achieve the study objectives. It should subsequently be defined how they will be measured to ensure that the findings can be replicated; it is therefore desirable to include conceptual and operational definitions. From the methodological point of view, the classification of variables helps us understand how the relationship between them is conceptualized. Depending on the study design, the independent, dependent, universal, and confounding variables should be noted. Another indispensable element for planning statistical analyses is the scale of variable measurement. Therefore, one must specify whether the variables correspond to one of the following four: qualitative nominal, qualitative ordinal, quantitative range, or quantitative ratio. Finally, we should detail the measurement units of each variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of the guides of management clinics, protocols, and manuals are an essential element in the delivery of health services with quality. The Protocol of clinical records is a tool that guides the nursing staff in the key guidelines that should be considered in each of the care given. Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The sample was conformed by 105 nursing assistants and 15 nurses working in a health institution of IV level of complexity, for the collection of the information was used a checklist and knowledge test protocol based on the records of the institution. Results: The level of knowledge of the staff professional and auxiliary nursing on the protocol is good with a 61%, followed by a regular level of knowledge with 29%. The applicability is good by 14% and 54% of the staff professional and auxiliary nursing has bad applicability to the protocol, finding that is not completely file formats that are included in the medical history. The level of adherence is good for 30% of the staff professional and auxiliary nursing. Discussion and Conclusions: We found that the nursing staff have a good level knowledge only in the clinical records that use frequently; however the nursing staff not to apply this knowledge in their daily practice, evidenced by 54% of bad applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The research objective was to identify the level of nursing care in the administration of blood products. Materials and Methods: Descriptive investigation about previous research articles. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the literature in databases such as SciELO, Medigraphic and Medline in the second semester of 2014. Articles were published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with abstracts available in the period 2000 to 2014. Results: The administration of blood products is a process performed by nurses. The rationale for this is that nurses have responsibility and they are meticulous about their patients care. In addition nurses must follow protocols to prevent complications. Care is divided into three categories; before, during and after. Before administration of blood and its derives which includes administrative work and the measurement of vital signs. Administrative work requires a compromise between ethical and legal procedures that must be followed. Others care during administration and the end after administration. Discussion and Conclusions: During research nothing was found about care related to the administration of blood products. In order to work through this problem the best opinions of care were taken from each article. There is no National and International consensus on care in the administration of blood products. Nurses play an important role the administration of blood products because they are always at their patients side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the different procedures in the pressure ulcer (UPP) of the coccyx and heels and to compare results in the course of the ulcer in two different hospitals. Method: Observational study. The analysed dates were obtained over three months from May to July in two hospitals: Public Hospital (HP) and Concerted Hospital (HC). 25 UPP were followed, 11 located in coccyx and 14 in heels. 18 patients participated, 9 in the HP and 9 in the HC, all patients signed informed consent. The analysed dates were Barthel scale, Pfeiffer scale, Mini Nutritional Assesment (MNA) and the wound evolution by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP), photographs taken on site and the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Heading (PUSH). Results: PUSH was the best instrument used to assess the evolution of the UPP and to discern changes in the lesions. Although there is a protocol in the treatment of UPP there was certain variability in the performance of it in both hospitals. Statistically significant positive trends in injuries in heels were found by using PUSH as method of evaluation in the HP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencias Psicológicas is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Rural Development is the property of Spanish Journal of Rural Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The growing boom in the last years, shown by minimally invasive therapies, among others, Vascular and Interventionist Radiology, spreading to most of the clinical and surgical specialties, have generated a remarkable demand in the use of angiography rooms. This urges the need to create the necessary mechanisms for optimizing the available resources, with properly standardized protocols and adhered to the international standards. Objective: To elaborate a practical guide that allow a systematic approach in the handling and care of patients that undergo vascular or interventionist procedures, with an individualized focus, according to the clinical condition and specific pathology of each patient and that are adjusted to the protocols established by the Committee of Standards of Practice of the Society of Interventionist Radiology (SIR in Mexico). Material and method: Revision of the literature, adapting the standards suggested to the local conditions, with emphasis in the indications, contraindications, pre-procedure evaluation, informed consent, specific considerations for patients with well-known previous illnesses, prevention and handling of complications, thresholds proposed for the complications. Results and conclusions: To give appropriate response to the growing demand in the use of the units of Angiography, having a structured and standardized focus is required, that allows to assure that the patients that are taken to an angiography or interventionist procedure, have a very justified clinical indication; that the methods and peri-procedure cares offered are suitable to minimize the complications and that the quality of the studies obtained is the necessary one to give response to the clinical queries that originated it. This leads to the need of establishing the programs of quality improvement on behalf of Angiology services of Clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive study about the impact of active queue management (AQM) on voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) quality of service. One of the most representative AQM scheme is analyzed through extensive simulation and its effect on the perceived quality of voice calls is evaluated. Different network scenarios, changing network loads and different scheme control parameters are investigated. Network impairments are related to user perception by means of well known algorithmic models, expressing user satisfaction in the MOS scale. The main results obtained show that the use of active queue management schemes like adaptive random early detection (ARED) significantly improve the perceived quality of voice calls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the Z39.83 standard, reasons for its existence, origin and development from SIP (Standard interface protocol), documents of which it consists, its structure, services encompassed, profiles used for its implementation, development language (xml), and applications within libraries, especially for consortia. The relationship with other standards like ISO ILL is emphasised, as are other possible applications that may be developed through the interaction of this standard with others, such as OpenURL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]