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In tropical regions, cattle raising faces a critical issue with performance deficits associated to nutrition, this parameter directly affects fertility. The present research had a quantitative-qualitative approach, studying the cause and effect reaction of injectable casein and calcium on productive and reproductive parameters in a batch of 82 crossbred zebu heifers. The batch was divided into treatment and control groups, both of them had identical sanitary plans, environmental conditions, and feeding management systems. Initially, an anthropometric technique was used, measuring weight (kg) before and after the study, as well as uterine diameter (mm). The results showed that the weights of the treatment group went from 277.46 ± 30.92 to 299.07 ± 29.51, and the control group from 274.98 ± 30.32 to 298.43 ± 28. In terms of uterine diameter, the treatment group went from 16.38 ± 3.3 to 20.5 ± 3.67, and the control group from 15.17 ± 3.04 to 20.54 ± 3.42. The presence of the corpus luteum was 12.20% in the treatment group and 4.88% in the control group. Finally, the conception rate in the treatment group was 41.46%, compared to 26.83% in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the nutritional composition of duckweed (DW) (Lemna minor) and water hyacinth (WH) (Eichhornia crassipes) and its effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (%, ADDM), apparent digestibility of crude protein (%, ADCP) and the apparent digestibility of the crude lipid (%, ADCL) in the nutrition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Material and methods. The DW and WH were used to formulate nine isoproteic (32.47%), isolipidic (5.46%) and isoenergetic (16.45 MJ kg-1) diets, with three replicates and 15 male tilapia (36.36± 1.16 g) per repetition: 0% (T0); 10% (T10); 15% (T15); 20% (T20) and 25% (T25), respectively random. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Results. The crude protein (%) of the WH and the DW, were 21.72% and 27.37% (p<0.05), respectively. Fish fed with WH and DW, up to 10 and 15% inclusion in the diet, respectively, did not show significant differences (p>0.05) for ADDM. However, for ADCP and ADCL, up to 15 and 20%, respectively, significant differences (p>0.05) were not observed. Conclusions. Water hyacinth and duckweed meals were an alternative vegetable protein source, which can partially replace soybean meal and cornmeal in tilapia diets. The PCA suggests that the control diet, 10% WH, 10-15% DW, showed the best results in terms of the apparent digestibility of the nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to identify new alternative raw materials as sources of protein for fish feed, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the protein and dry matter of Lemna minor duckweed included in a diet for cachama negra Colossoma macropomum and the effects of the productive performance in the fry stage, calculating its weight. To estimate the coefficients, the indirect method was used with the inert marker chromic oxide (Cr2O3), collecting the feces by Siphoning. 136 fingerlings (average weight 0.4 g) were used, which were randomly distributed in the aquariums (experimental units) with a volume of 27 liters, in groups of 17 fingerlings/aquarium. Two experimental diets were evaluated: the reference diet (T1) composed of 42% fishmeal, 14% cassava, 43% soybean and 1.0% Cr2O3, and the test diet (T2), composed of 71% fishmeal. of reference diet, 1.0% Cr2O3 and 28% of the test ingredient (duckweed flour). Four replicates per diet were evaluated. Feces were collected and immediately dried and stored at 60°C and –12°C, respectively, until analyzed for proximal composition and Cr2O3 levels. The experimental phase lasted 30 days, the results of weights per replicate in the biometrics were evaluated through a descriptive statistical analysis. No statistical differences (p>0.05) were found by biometry between the treatments, even so, higher productive yields were found with T2. Survival was T1=94.12%, and T2=100%. The CDA for dry matter and protein of the raw material were 92.57±3.60 and 77.97±0.91, respectively. The inclusion of this meal in diets for cachama fingerlings is feasible in terms of growth, weight gain and reduction of feed costs, in addition, the high ADC value shows that cachama negra can digest duckweed protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Colombian tropic, it is necessary to establish feeding strategies that increase productivity and reduce costs. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of totumo, mango, and wild guava silage on in vitro digestibility, degradability, and productive parameters in dual-purpose cows. This study was carried out on a farm located in the municipality of Puerto Boyacá. Thirty-two Gyr x Holstein cows (Body weight = 460 ± 35 kg) in early lactation were enrolled and distributed in four groups of eight individuals: T1: control group: no silage; T2: Wild guava silage; T3: Totumo silage and T4: Mango silage. All the cows remained in a rotational grazing system with Brachiaria decumbens, water, and a salt-based mineral supplement ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0,05) in the daily milk production. However, protein levels in milk were higher (p<0,05) in the T2 and T4 treatments. NUL was more elevated in T2 and lower in T4. Silage consumption was higher (p<0,05) in T4, and the body condition score was higher for T2 and T4. For the degradability and digestibility parameters in vitro, treatments T2, T3, and T4 obtained the highest values. Fruits silage supplementation on dual-purpose cows with silage fruits can increase milk protein levels and body condition score. Those silages have a high rate of degradation and in vitro digestibility, representing a feeding alternative for ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal foods such as chicken, beef, fish and pork are in wide demand throughout the world due, among other things, to their nutritional value, associated with their high protein content. However, this type of protein is susceptible to oxidation reactions, which can mediate processes of fragmentation, aggregation, loss of solubility, functionality, and protein digestibility, which are events involved in the loss of their nutritional value. In this sense, aggregated proteins tend not to be digested in the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate in the intestine (colon), where the colonic microbiota degrades them into mutagenic products such as phenol and p-cresol, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, the oxidized amino acids or peptides released in digestion could be incorporated into intestinal cell signaling pathways and favor or exacerbate chronic intestinal processes such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. Due to the great interest in this topic in recent years, the objective of this review is to provide a general overview of the impact of oxidized proteins of animal origin on intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to review the importance of the supplementation of functional amino acids (AA) in the diets of starting-growing pigs on the intestinal health, development and growth. Functional AAs are those that participate in and regulate key metabolic pathways to improve the health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction of pigs at some specific physiological stages. During stress periods and critical physiological stages, pigs have a higher dietary requirement for some AAs (1-1.5% of arginine, 1% of glutamate, 0.8-2% of glutamine, 0.5-1% proline, 0.5-2% of glycine, branched-chain AA, 0.4-0.6% of threonine, 0.12-1% of methionine, and 0.2-0.4% of tryptophan) to achieve the optimum growth performance, since, the increase of these AA allows to maintain the intestinal health and facilitates the normal functioning of the intestine. The application of the functional AA concept in the diet formulation allows to understand and assess that the extra addition represents a viable option to fortify the immune system and to promote intestinal growth and development. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of functional AA in young pigs improves intestinal health, development and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The energy analysis accompanied by economic indicators constitutes a valuable tool for the comprehensive and systemic evaluation of ecosystems, which estimates the values of energies incorporated in products, processes and economic responses, as well as the impact of human activities on ecosystems.. In the present work, the behavior of energy and economic efficiency indicators is analyzed in a dairy unit with a conventional management system, located in the Mayabeque province, Cuba during the years 2018 and 2019. The energy indicators were determined: energy produced and consumed, energy balance, protein produced and consumed, energy cost of protein production and people who feed the system with energy (Pe) and protein (Pp); and economic indicators: net income, net benefit and benefit/cost ratio. The total production per surface unit expressed in terms of energy, showed values of 3.04 and 2.61 GJ.ha-1, while the protein was 38.94 and 33.36 kg.ha-1. The energy balances were below the unit (0.25 and 0.44 MJ/MJ), with high energy costs to obtain protein and low capacity to feed people (0.71 Pe/ha and 1.53 Pp/ha, 2018; 0.61 Pe/ha and 1.31 Pp/ha, 2019); even so, the benefit/cost ratio of 2.29 and 1.81 CUP/CUP revealed the profitability of the system. Although greater energy efficiency was obtained in 2019, the economic benefit was lower due to the reduction in food inputs that, in the absence of alternative sources, affected productivity and income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been identified that the regions where informal alluvial mining occurs have had high levels of Mercury, thus, a serious problem for public health. In other words, Divalent Mercury has been found in aqueous solutions in rivers and lakes; therefore, high concentrations of mercury in fish have been presented due to the number of reactions that have been generated in the environment; by contrast, terrestrial animal has been directly related to the consumption of contaminated food. Then, the objective has been evaluating mercury contamination in its divalent form (Hg2+) in samples of fish, pork, and chicken from the mining region of the municipality of El Bagre, Antioquia. With this in mind, as described in this methodology has presented samples, which were taken from individual animals such as pork, chicken, and fish, from twelve rural sites in El Bagre, Antioquia. As far, quantifying divalent mercury (Hg2+) was performed using a Trace 1300 gas chromatograph coupled to a Thermo Fisher TSQ 8000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Results showed Statistical differences found in the concentration of divalent mercury in protein matrices and locality. The pork protein did not show significant results. In the case of chicken matrix; was found the highest concentration (288.63±1004.3 µg/g) and variability (CV: 347.95%). Added to that, in fish matrix, the highest average concentration was found at 5.037 µg/g and the lowest at 0.702 µg/g, i.e. the concentration of chicken was higher than the fish. However, the behavior was not generalized in all locations. As a result of these findings, high concentrations of divalent mercury were found in the protein of matrices, which were related to the location where the sample was taken; since there has been the presence of illegal mining. In addition, a latent risk was evidenced in the field of toxicology of living beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Amyloid plaques are one of the neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's disease, formed by peptide fragments that are deposited, derived from the protease cut of the enzyme γ-secretase, of which presenilin-1 is the subunit with the active site, it is possible to investigate at the evolutionary level what happens with this protein in a sample of hominids. Materials and methods. structural biology study is carried out to evaluate changes in the structure of the proteins modeled with the Phyre2 software and primary sequence alignments with Jalview from the hominids Pongo abelii, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, Homo sapiens and two species used in biological tests as Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta. Results. It was found that the primary sequences of isoform 467 presented very high percentages of identity with T-Coffee 2.0 of 99.57 % on average, within its primary sequence in the pairwise alignment and at the three-dimensional level, with the Needleman- Wunsch algorithm, slight changes were found in the structure at the loop level, but very conserved between species, which was also reflected in standard deviation values of the models of less than 5 Å. Conclusions. Finally, no significant changes were found at the structural level in the protein with protease function, so for the hominin sample there were no evolutionary changes, at least for this protein, and in perspective, the other components of the enzyme gamma-secretase remain to evaluate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural intensification decreased soil organic matter levels. Therefore, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deficiencies are becoming more frequent, possibly limiting sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain yield and quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of N and S fertilization on: 1) yield and its components, 2) protein and oil concentration, and 3) fatty acid concentration in sunflower grains. Six field experiments were conducted during 2018-2019 with high oleic hybrids (crop season 1) and 2019-2020 growing season with conventional hybrids (crop season 2). Two N rates (40 and 80 kg N ha-1) without S, and with S (20 or 40 kg S ha-1, depending on the crop season), plus an absolute control (without N and S) were evaluated. N fertilization increased significantly sunflower yield and grain number only for season 1, while S did not affect these variables for none of the analyzed seasons. Grain quality was not modified by S addition, while N only increased the protein content at a high rate (80 kg N ha-1) only for season 1. In summary, for the southeastern Buenos Aires conditions, N fertilization increased sunflower grain yield and protein content, while S did not affect yield or grain quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the response of the productive indicators when including palm (Elaeis guineensis) kernel cake (PKC) in diets for the nutrition of tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus). Material and methods. Three hundred sex-reversed males of tilapia (4.89±0.09 g) were used and distributed according to a completely random design for 60 days, in three replicates per treatment (20 fish per replicate). The PKC was used to formulate five diets isoproteic (30.64%), isolipidics (7.38%) and isoenergetic (11.84 MJ kg-1 of feed), control (T0), 5% (T5); 10% (T10); 15% (T15), and 20% (T20). Results. Fish fed T0, T5, and T10 treatments did not show statistical differences among groups (p>0.05), but yes with the T15 and T20 in the overall nutrient digestibility, growth, and body composition. However, the inclusion of up to 20% PKC in the diet decreased the feed cost. There is a high dependency degree between the neutral detergent fiber (%) and the apparent dry digestibility (%) and apparent protein digestibility (%) (R2 =0.732 and R2 = 0.774; p<0.000), respectively. Conclusions. The palm kernel cake can be used up to 10% on tilapia fry diets without affecting apparent nutrient digestibility, growth, and whole-body nutritional contents. The progressive inclusion of PKC in the diets decreased the feed cost for more profitable tilapia culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of the present study was to determine the effect of heat treatment on quinoa flour protein secondary structures and internal starch structure. Quinoa grains of the Tunkahuan variety were selected and protein and starch changes in different gels were determined. The results showed significant differences in β-sheet (1627 cm-1), β-turns (1661 cm-1), and α-helix (1653 cm-1). The starch located on the surface of the perisperm was amorphous. Germ flour gels were less solid than polished grain gels. It is concluded that abrasive grinding was an efficient procedure to obtain two types of flour from quinoa grains, one with high protein and fat content (germ flour) and another with high starch content (perisperm flour). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the substitution of protein of animal origin was evaluated in the elaboration of a chorizo using pig seed flour (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.). The seed was incorporated in the form of flour and 3 treatments identified as T1, T2, and T3 were established, with substitution of 15, 30 and 45% respectively, plus a standard sample P without addition. Physicochemical analyzes and sensory analysis were carried out. The processed sausages showed protein contents of 16.98%, 18.05%, 16.51% and 14.41%; fats between 16.9% and 11.21%. The sample with the highest degree of acceptance was sample P followed by treatment T1. Regarding humidity, it decreased in treatments T2 and T3, although the fat content was higher in sample P and T1. Treatment T1 was the most suitable in terms of its protein content, showing amaranth seeds as an alternative source of viable protein as a meat extender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of conventional agriculture, where the use of external inputs causes negative impacts on agricultural systems, energy efficiency studies are a vitally important element to mediate their sustainability. The research was carried out in the municipality of Pinar del Río with the objective of evaluating the energy efficiency of five agroecosystems with differences in the productive processes they develop. The productivity and energy efficiency indexes were calculated with the use of Energy 3.01 software, among which the following were considered: energy consumed, energy produced, protein production, people fed by the agroecosystem with the production of protein and energy, energy cost of protein, energy intensity and energy balance. It was found that the agroecosystems evaluated depend on external inputs for the development of productive processes, affecting their energy efficiency, a result that suggests the need to promote greater diversification of production and the use of agroecological practices, appropriate to local conditions that guarantee greater sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The egg is a food with great amount of nutrients to be used by our body. Present review provides general information about chicken egg and its relation to health. In addition, it also compiled information regarding the status and conditions of heat treatments as well as emerging technologies applied giving value to products from the poultry sector. The review was carried out with databases dated between 2013 and 2020; from scientific journals affiliated to Science Direct, Scopus; Scielo, and Redalyc. The egg is a product with a variety of functional properties, but also considered as a high-risk food for health. In recent years, a trend that applies thermal treatments to obtain a microbiologically safe product for consumers, aims to have the least effect on its natural properties when handled by industry. In general, the egg is a raw material easily processed through different methods, allowing the obtention of liquid or solid products, to be used into new ones. Such technologies contribute to reduce operational costs as well as improving quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In sunflower, grain oil concentration (OG) determines oil industrial yield and protein concentration (PG) determines the protein of by-products as pellets and meals (PM). There are various methodologies to quantify total grain nitrogen concentration (NG): a) Kjeldahl (wet digestion); b) Dumas (dry combustion); c) NIRS (analysis of the spectrum of the light reflected by the sample). NIRS represents a promissory method for determining NG because it is simple and fast. The objective of this work was to compare the methods of NIRS, Kjeldahl and Dumas to quantify NG in sunflower grains and to adjust models to estimate PM from NG. Eighty-four samples of sunflower grains were selected covering a wide range of NG (from 1.75 to 3.80% taking Dumas reference) from a net of experiments conducted in southeastern Buenos Aires Province (2013-2014 and 2014-2015). NIRS was the most precise method for the determination of NG and presented a greater degree of agreement with Dumas than Kjeldahl. PM was satisfactorily estimated with NG. Therefore, NIRS could be a better alternative to the other techniques because its low cost, quickness, low toxicity, and adaptability to determine other components of the grain simultaneously with the determination of NG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Evaluate the hygienic-sanitary, physicochemical and microbiological quality of bovine milk for sale, produced in a family stable and in three public markets in Tabasco state. Materials and methods. The hygienic-sanitary quality was determined according to general information of the farm, facilities, milking process, cleaning and disinfection. Physicochemical quality was determined by evaluating total proteins, casein, butyric fat, lactose, non-fatty solids and density. Microbiological quality was determined by titratable acidity, alcohol test, somatic cell content, oxide-reduction potential, foreign matter, bacterial inhibitors, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Results. The milk produced in the family stable was evaluated with the highest physicochemical and microbiological quality, in reference to the standards evaluated by the official Mexican regulations established in Mexico by the Council for the promotion of the quality of milk and its derivatives, A. C. Instead, milk in three public markets, it was considered as rejection, indicating possible contamination during milking processes, as well as handling and transport to public markets. Conclusions. Milk samples from public markets were considered not suitable for human consumption or for the production of by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: protein is an essential nutrient that can be obtained through different food sources. In recent years, a growing development in the food industry of dairy products with higher protein content has emerged in the national market. Métodos: the present work analyzed the nutritional information, protein content, and amino acid profile of high protein yogurts. Five main brands of high-protein yogurt (PY) were selected, as was a sample of regular yogurt (RY), and one of whey protein isolate (WP), which underwent a proximal analysis and amino acid profile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: it was observed that the protein content of the analyzed YP ranged between 7.2 and 15.1 g/portion, representing 6.8 % to 11 % of total content, twice the content of YBAT (3,4 %). Regarding carbohydrates and fats, these were found to range between 6.25 and 13.5 g/serving and 0.9 and 5.3 g/serving, respectively. Leucine content of the PY varied between 0.6 and 1.5 g/portion, which was higher than RY (0.3 g/portion) and lower than WP (2.2 g/portion). The sum of essential amino acids was found to be between 3 and 6.9 g/portion in PY, 1.7 g/serving y 8.5 g/serving in WP. Conclusion: these results show that PYs are a good alternative to promote a correct protein intake, similar to proteins for sports use, so their recommendation could be useful to promote consumption in different populations according to their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During ethanol production from maize corn, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS, at tables labelled in Spanish as GSDS) are generated and used in poultry farming because of their high nutrient content. The hypothesis was that DDGS meet nutrient requirements in pullets and hens and xylanase will improve productive variables. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the inclusion of DDGS and xylanase in pullet and hen feed. In this study, 400 pullets from one day to 70 weeks of age were used, distributed in 10 treatments, with five replicates of eight pullets apiece, and a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with five levels of DDGS (0, 8, 8, 16, 24 and 32%) and two of xylanase (0 and 0.05%). Variables were productive yield, sexual maturity, egg quality, cost per pullet and per kg of egg. Results indicated that in pullets, DDGS and xylanase did not modify the productive and sexual maturity variables (p>0.05); in laying, from 16% DDGS onwards, production began to be affected, while the enzyme had a positive effect (p£0.05) on yield. With 32% DDGS, the cost of rearing and one kg of egg increased (p£0.05). In egg quality, DDGS improved Haugh units and yolk color (p£0.05), while xylanase affected them (p£0.05). In conclusion, in pullets up to 32% DDGS can be included with success for productive and sexual maturity variables, while xylanase is not necessary. In hens, DDGS above 16% cause adverse effects on egg yield and price, while xylanase improves productive variables and decreases egg cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la exigencia de los consumidores ha influido en el desarrollo de las técnicas de almacenamiento y conservación de los productos cárnicos. En el pescado se usan diferentes métodos de empacado y marinado para aumentar la vida útil, sin embargo, existe la posibilidad de que estos procesos alteren la composición nutricional del producto final. Objetivo: determinar la composición nutricional de filetes de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) marinados y empacados al vacío. Métodos: 12 filetes obtenidos de la iniciativa Truchioriente del programa ReaCTIvate Santander, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en los siguientes 4 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones: tratamiento control filetes sin marinar y sin empacar al vacío (SM), filetes sin marinar empacados al vacío (SMV), filetes marinados con finas hierbas empacado al vacío (FHV), marinados con ajo y sal empacado al vacío (ASV). El marinado se realizó en 100 ml de agua estéril con 5 gr de cada hierba seca, y 14 gr de sal y ajo en partes iguales para FHV y ASV respectivamente. Los filetes fueron sumergidos en las soluciones por 1 hora y mantenidos a 4°C por 14 días, posteriormente se realizó análisis bromatológico (humedad (H), ceniza (C), grasa (G), proteína(P), carbohidratos (Ch), vitamina D (VD), grasa saturada (GS), sodio (S)). Resultados: la humedad en SMV y SM eran menores (66,98 y 66,83) que en FHV y ASV (72,14 y 71,16), la proteína fue 20,51; 20,81; 19,33; 20,31 para SMV; SM; ASV y FHV respectivamente, con relación a la VD se encontró en rango de 6,53 a 10,14, siendo menor el ASV y FHV el mayor valor. Los filetes marinados y empacados contenían menos cantidad de G y GS, pero por el contrario mayor cantidad de S, a diferencia de los tratamientos SMV y SM. Conclusiones: el empacado y el marinado pueden alterar la composición nutricional de los filetes de trucha arcoíris, es necesario realizar más réplicas de cada tratamiento para hacer un análisis estadístico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-- The Amaranthus dubius is a herbaceous plant with high nutritional value thanks to its high content of protein, vitamins and minerals. Its agro-industrial use represents a food alternative, for which it is necessary to know the process parameters and the concentrations of use as raw material for the elaboration of a yogurt. Objective-- To evaluate the effect of the inclusion of amaranth leaf flour on the properties of a fruity yogurt with soursop pulp (Annona muricata L.) Methodology-- The production process was designed, incorporating the piglet in the form of flour. The time for humidity in equilibrium at 65°C was determined, the curve was adjusted to the Page model and four treatments were established (P, T1, T2, and T3), with piglet concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. A DCA (completely randomized design) was formulated, to evaluate the effect of the addition of flour, on the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of fruity yogurt. Results-- Equilibrium humidity was reached at 3h, with page model constants (C: 0.9585; K: 0.0133 and n: 2.2830). It was evidenced that pigtail improved the protein profile of the yogurt samples. In addition, the T3 formulation presented the highest protein content (7.93%), as well as vitamin C (0.15%), acidity (0.84%) and pH (4.21%). The formulations with the addition of milkweed showed a lower acceptance by the sensory panel. Conclusions-- The incorporation of 20% amaranth leaf flour into the yogurt made it possible to increase the protein content by 6.21%, although the sensory properties should be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the effect of the inclusion of viscera hydrolyzate meal in diets for trout fry, "Kamloop" variety, in terms of weight, length and biomass gains, apparent feed conversion, and survival. Materials and Methods. This essay was developed at the Guirapungo - Corponariño Environmental and Fish Farming Center, in eight concrete pools, subdivided each pool, into three compartments of equal dimensions. An Unrestricted Random Design (URD) was used, made up of 1680 trout fry, with an average stocking weight of 1.24±0.024 g, distributed in four treatments, six replications per treatment, for a total of 24 units experimental, with 70 fish per experimental unit and 420 fish per treatment. Results. Treatment 4, (diet with 20% viscera hydrolyzed) recorded the greatest weight, length and biomass gains, the best feed conversion and average survival. In contrast, the T1 treatment (commercial feed) reported the least adequate productive variables. Conclusions. The incorporation of fish viscera hydrolysate, as a protein source in balanced diets of rainbow trout, improve the zootechnical variables of fish production, due to the biological value of the diets that the hydrolyzate contains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: The cowpea bean is important for the food security of the Caribbean region of Colombia, where creole genotypes of low-yielding per hectare, susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors, and low mineral content are cultivated. Knowledge gap: The agronomic performance and mineral accumulation in the grain of new genotypes obtained by individual selection are unknown. Purpose: To evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritional quality of eight advanced homozygous lines of cowpea beans from the breeding program of the Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia. Methodology: The experiment was established between April and July 2014, under a randomized complete block design with nine treatments, including the Criollo-Córdoba as control, with four replications. The characteristics pod length, grain length and width and, pod weight, number of seed per pod, weight of one hundred seed, grain yield per hectare, iron, zinc, phosphorus and protein content were evaluated. Results and conclusions: The genotypes showed significant differences in pod weight, number of seed per pod, grain length, grain width, grain yield per hectares, iron, phosphorus and protein content in the grain. Lines L-042 and L-047 were the ones with the best agronomic performance and the highest nutritional quality. Principal component analysis and biplot allowed to identify the L-014 and L-047 genotypes associated with grain length, pod length and pod weight, while L-006, L-042 and CR-CO, are associated to grain width, weight of one hundred seed and grain yield per hectare, which is important for genetic improvement programs for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we have analysed the contents of textbooks of Biology and Geology from 7th Grade to 12th Grade, regarding the evolution about the model of protein. We have used 20 textbooks of wide distribution in Spain highschools. During analysing we have made some partial models that gather the elements taken into account in each level. Considering the textbook contents in different categories, the model grows to get a complex model of protein in the 12th Grade. We have observed that students could have a more or less complete model of protein if the textbook is one or another in the lower levels, because not every textbook is just showing the curricular contents, but they also introduce some aspects they will learn in next levels. That allows the students to have a context for the model they are making, contributing to systemic thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Peru, 29.6% of pregnant women have anemia, a clear indicator of malnutrition and health issues. A highly nutritious diet can reduce complications during pregnancy. The objective was to determine the levels of hemoglobin and its relationship with the intake of high biological value protein and iron in pregnant women who treat themselves at Chincha Hospital - ESSALUD. Analytical, cross-sectional and correlational study. Simple, random sampling consisting of 104 pregnant women who were treated through outpatient consultation at the nutritional ward of Chincha Hospital - ESSALUD. The data was collected through an interview and a survey about the frequency of food consumption. The statistic used was the bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis. In the results it was found that 35% of the women had anemia, 48% had low intake of high biological value protein and 59% had low intake of iron. There was a high and statistically significant correlation between hemoglobin levels and the intake of high biological value protein and iron (r-0,88; r2-0,78; p<0,001). It was concluded that hemoglobin levels have a direct and strong relationship with the intake of high biological value protein and iron in pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current diets of broiler chickens tend to increase protein levels to obtain high productive variables that are achieved in combination with genetic, management, and sanitary improvements, among others. An increase in dietary crude protein levels does not always accompany an increase in broiler productive efficiency due to multiple factors involved in the production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on productive performance, carcass characteristics, and chemical composition of breast and thigh meat in broiler chickens raised in the dry subtropics of northeastern Mexico. Method: The study used 200, 1-day-old male Ross broiler chicks. In a completely randomized design, birds were allocated to the four treatments with five replicates (floor pens) of ten birds each. The trial was divided in two phases (starter and finisher) of 21 days each (42 days total). Treatment diets (T) for starter and finisher phases had crude protein concentrations (CP; %) of 21 and 18.1 (T1), 21.4 and 18.5 (T2), 21.8 and 18.9 (T3), and 22.2 and 19.3 (T4), respectively. Within each feeding phase, the four treatment diets were formulated to similar levels of apparent metabolizable energy. Results: Protein concentrations had no effect (P > 0.05) on weight gain, while feed intake was greater in T1 (P < 0.05) than in T2 and T3. Feed conversion was better in T2 and T4 (P < 0.05) than in T1. There was no influence of treatment on carcass weight or carcass cuts (P > 0.05). Carcass yield was greater in T1 than in T3 (P < 0.05). Breast and thigh dry matter and ether extracts were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Breast crude protein was greater (P < 0.05) in T2 than in T3. The lowest (P < 0.05) CP concentration in thigh meat was in T3. Discussion or Conclusion: These results indicated that in the dry subtropics area of northeastern Mexico increases in CP above the level of T2 (21.4% and 18.5% CP in starter and finisher diets, respectively) did not improve broiler chicken productive performance, carcass characteristics or meat chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Objective: although osteoporosis develops in advanced stages of life, it must be prevented and stopped from the pediatric age, acting on modifiable factors, especially diet and lifestyle. The objective of this work is to review the latest evidence on nutritional improvements that can help in the prevention and control of the disease. Methods: bibliographic search related to the topic. Results: it is advisable to avoid energy restrictions, especially in postmenopausal women and particularly if they have osteopenia/osteoporosis since, in relation to these pathologies, excess weight may be preferable, rather than underweight. Protein intake higher than the recommended one is beneficial for the bone, provided that the calcium intake is adequate. Excessive intake of sugar and saturated fat should be avoided, but attempts should be made to achieve the nutritional goals set for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber. It is important to monitor vitamin D status and calcium intake, which is inadequate in high percentages of individuals, as well as improving the contribution of vitamins K, C and group B, and also magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, fluorine, manganese, silicon and boron, and avoiding the excessive contribution of phosphorus and sodium. Conclusions: osteoporosis is an underdiagnosed pathology and of increasing prevalence. Due to its high morbidity and mortality, prevention is important and, from a nutritional point of view, it is convenient to bring the diet closer to the theoretical ideal. In general, increasing the consumption of dairy products, fish, vegetables and fruits, as well as reducing the consumption of salt, during childhood and throughout life, seems convenient for the bone improvement of most of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this paper deal with the analyses of the information obtained in Cuba related to the influence of climatic factors on the production and quality of grasses and forages. The results showed that: the species within the genus and varieties showed a particular and specific response to climatic factors; the same variety of grass responded differently in both seasons of the year; minimum temperatures lower than 15 ºC and maximum lower than 27 ºC, as well as the number rainy days, had a marked effect; the models between yield and quality with the elements of the climate had high complexity and when comparing Pennisetum purpureum (as an experimental model) it showed higher height and lower yield in the 2000s compared to the ´60s. The results showed the specific response of each grass against the climate indicators, like the mathematical models that relate it, as well as the change that the climate has undergone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The current COVID-19 pandemic mainly affects older people, those with obesity or other coexisting chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and high blood pressure. It has been observed that about 20 % of patients will require hospitalization, and some of them will need the support of invasive mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. Nutritional status appears to be a relevant factor influencing the clinical outcome of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Several international guidelines have provided recommendations to ensure energy and protein intake in people with COVID-19, with safety measures to reduce the risk of infection in healthcare personnel. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main recommendations related to adequate nutritional management for critically ill patients with COVID-19 in order to improve their prognosis and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) and ahuyama (Cucurbita moschata D.) was studied as a nutritional and technologically viable alternative for the elaboration of composite flour for food products preparation rich in protein and vitamin A for traditional consumption by the Colombian population. For this purpose, the main stages of the processing of the vegetable matrices during the conversion into flours were evaluated. The nutritional composition was determined including the total carotenoid content of the squash flour and the amino acid profile of the protein of the pigeon pea flour. Flours were characterized by particle size distribution and functional properties. It was found that from both matrices it is possible to obtain flour-type products, with properties suitable for their use on a commercial scale as concentrated sources of nutrients. To confirm the results, the flours were used in mixtures provided to produce food products (drink, arepa and bread) in formulations that meet the descriptors: 'high' in vitamin A and 'high' or 'good' in protein, as well as good sensory acceptability characteristics. The study showed that composite flours are excellent sources of protein and vitamin A for beverages. The percentages of contribution of pigeon pea flour were established between 81.78% and 74.95% and those of ahuyama flour between 18.22% and 25.05%, to reach the values established in nutrient diets both for children over 4 years of age and for adults. The composite flour corresponding to the formulation high in protein and vitamin A is an alternative for the elaboration of beverages rich in these nutrients for the Colombian population, since it complies with all the requirements of Colombian legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The "mollejas de pollo al sillao" is a traditional Peruvian dish, originally from the city of Trujillo (Peru), highly appreciated for its pleasant flavor. With the design of this product you can take advantage of the proteins, iron and other nutrients it contains. In this study the effect of the vinegar concentration and the size of the piece was evaluated by using a complete 3x2 factorial design. The raw material and treatments studied were characterized physicochemically. The sensory evaluation of color, taste and texture was made through the ranking test. The selected condition for the design of the product was 100 mL/kg of vinegar and pieces of ¼ unit, showing optimal physicochemical and sensory characteristics for its commercialization. The final product contained: protein (13,45%), fat (10,40%), humidity (67,49), ashes (1,82) and pH (5,14); it also had scores of flavor (4,23), color (4,53) and texture (4,27). The sterilization process time was 35 min and lethality 9,882 min, in a party type container. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: very few works offer a practical solution to understand the nutritional requirements of current basketball. This work offers a theoretical-practical proposal. Objectives: to analyze the fatigue produced during a basketball game and offer a practical solution to accelerate recovery through nutrition. Methods: a search of the PubMed bibliographic database for reviews from the last 15 years and original articles from the last 5 years on basketball. Results: type of nutrient and food supplements are essential for a quicker recovery, in addition to their timing and dose. Conclusions: nutrition before, during and after a game or a high-intensity training session plays a fundamental role in the recovery of the basketball player. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balanced nutrition is essential in the treatment of overweight and obesity. Weight loss has been reported as the most effective formula for its treatment; it has been shown that each kg of weight loss is associated with a reduction in the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, losing weight and maintaining it can be difficult, which is why dietary therapy has been studied from various topics. The objective of this research was to describe the evidence on the effectiveness of the diet selected according to the criterion of energy intake, the distribution of macronutrients, dietary fiber, the glycemic and insulin response and the hourly distribution on body weight and alterations metabolic. A bibliographic review was carried out through the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Dialnet, Scielo and Google Academics, from 2000 to November 2020. There is a great diversity of diets proposed to lose weight, the energy balance must always be negative, although strategies are determined by energy intake or macronutrients or by restricting specific nutrients or manipulating time. Body weight loss is usually greatest in the first 6 months, but it is not significant. In the long term, different diets promote similar weight loss. Conclusion: the diet must have a negative energy balance, good quality and favor the adherence of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]