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Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to explore the effects of nutritional supplementation with pollinasse in polygastric animals, to improve the feeding of ruminants to enhance their welfare and productive performance. The lack of clarity around these levels in the diets of polygastric animals represented a gap in scientific knowledge, which was addressed through extensive literature review, analysis and synthesis as research methods. They included detailed comparison of the nutritional quality of feed rations, description of biological reactions and determination of optimal ratios of mixtures with poultry manure. The results obtained provided an in-depth understanding of the feasibility of manure in the feeding of polygastric animals. In treatments used in fattening bulls, it showed higher weight gain in a period of 60 days using 1.5 kg of manure, obtaining a daily gain of 0.533 kg and a profitability of 1.27 USD for each dollar invested. In dairy cows, 0.63 kg of concentrate and 2.59 kg of manure were offered showing results of 5.90 (kg/cow/day) in daily milk yield and 0.41 (kg/cow/day) in daily weight gain. In lambs, the supplementation of stubble, 20% pollinasse and 5% zeolite showed better results with higher weights at mating and higher daily weight gain. This study concludes that it is important to consider sustainable and efficient nutritional alternatives to address the changing demands of the livestock industry and emphasises the relevance of feeding practices that promote sustainability and efficiency in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bovine production in Colombia is characterized for its low production indicators, because pastures are of low quality and the grasslands has an extensive management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of a silvopastoral with Tithonia diversifolia, and Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo associated with Urochloa humidicola, on the productive parameters of BON x Zebu heifers. 24 heifers BON x Zebu with an average age of 15,81 ± 2,05 months and 183,95 ± 33,45 kg of weight, were distributed randomly in two treatments, a monoculture with Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo associated to Urochloa humidicola, and, the silvopastoral with Tithonia diversifolia. The dry matter production and the consumption was estimated in both treatments. Also, the weight, weight gain, body height, heart girth and body length were evaluated in the animals during two rotations. Significant differences were found in the silvopastoral system for the production of dry matter, weight gain, the weight, and body height (p = 0,05). It was concluded that silvopastoral systems are an alternative to improve the forage offer and the performance of heifers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work was to develop a revision of the main researches carried out in Cuba, and at international level, on the cost of energy and of exploitation of the machinery used for the production of fresh, crushed and grounded forage. The livestock is not adapted physically to be feeding with of forage plants of great size and less when these they are of thick shaft as king-grass, sorghum, corn, sugar cane, moringa, mulberry, tithonia and other similar ones. For such a reason it is required that these plants be previously chopped before being given as fresh food, for what is necessary the development of mechanized technologies for the processing of the forage of the different types, with view to the creation of a national alimentary base for the livestock, what allows the substitution of imports of concentrated foods. Few researches related with the machinery are carried out in Cuba for the forage production to feeding the livestock, and for an adequate adaptation to the conditions of the country, since the determination of the technological indicators, energy costs and of exploitation of the machines, constitute fundamental parameters to keep in mind to arrive to the obtaining of an suitable productive process and with more efficiency. In the energy balance, two groups are settled down: 1 - Required energy, associated to the production of the mechanical equipment and the contained in the used materials, as well as 2 - Required energy, associated to the fungible products not recoverable, such as fuels, fertilizers, seeds, herbicides, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climatic variations make difficult to plan activities in agricultural systems, it is necessary to update the knowledge of local climate conditions. This study analyzes the climatic variability of relevant agricultural regions in Boyacá and Cundinamarca. Modeling behaviors of climatic variables of agricultural interest are identified, likewise, the intra-annual analysis of extreme events is carried out and areas with water deficiencies and excesses are identified through a hydroclimatic balance. Finally, areas with greater frequency of deficiencies and water excess conditions in soil were identified on a monthly basis by index of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PSDI). The results indicate that the two zones of study do not show great climatic differences between them, however, it is important to carry out separately study of them looking for provide local useful information for producers. Saboyá in the Ubate Valley and Chiquinquirá and Sotaquirá in the Alto Chicamocha were affected by both, deficiency and excess, water events. The 1997 El Niño event had a stronger impact in the Ubaté Valley and Chiquinquirá area. Moreover, Alto Chicamocha region showed the biggest rainfall reduction registered in 1992, which matchs with an El Niño event. In terms of excess water, 2011 perceived rainfall increases of more than 50% in those two regions, this behavior responded to La Niña event that year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Luna Azul is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the second half of the 19th century, the setting up of rationally planned production centers (or colonies) in the Argentine Pampas sought to break the static efficiency patterns of traditional agriculture through the introduction of intensive work and technical improvements by European settlers. This article analyzes the differential use of factors in both traditional and modern rural economies, and their effects on wealth distribution. It aims to show how the creation of colonies meant new opportunities and a greater homogeneity in wealth distribution in the Pampas, versus the relative stagnation and high wealth inequality associated with traditional Creole rural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the various pros and cons of replacing salaried workforce by slaves in large livestock production units of the Río de la Plata at the end of the XVIIIth century and the beginnings of the XIXth. Century. It tries to show that, beyond its convenience at costs level, to form a big group of slaves was an investment of some risk, and represented a significant financial effort. In addition, it involved a rearrangement of organizational production patterns, which were not necessarily simple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta reseña tiene el objetivo de llevar a los implicados en los procesos de los sistemas de producción bovina, e incluso a los consumidores, nuestras consideraciones sobre la necesaria apreciación acertada del contexto socio-económico global y regional y sus efectos sobre la ganadería. La ganadería bovina se ha deprimido en sus principales indicadores bio-económicos, debido a su dependencia de suplementos y agro-tóxicos, que deben ser empleados para evitar el creciente deterioro del sistema, lo que está influído por la situación socio-económica internacional. Las consecuencias de la crisis se reflejan en la agricultura global considerando las necesarias inversiones que provocan una demanda de insumos para alcanzar producciones de alimentos y servicios que generan capital, así vemos que este proceso está afectado en forma negativa, disminuyendo la difusión del capital, que provoca perturbaciones en la cadena productor primario-mano de obra- agroindustria- mercado- consumidores, dentro de toda una amplia gama de sistemas de producción comercial. La preocupación actual por la producción de alimentos de origen animal, en criterio de muchos, es que la misma puede ser resuelta por la introducción de tecnología agrícola de punta, ello constituye una visión limitada del asunto, creando dependencias de recursos costosos. El problema puede solucionarse con una mejora de los procesos en los modelos de sistemas de producción, esto se logra, tomando en consideración el contexto socio-económico global y regional de los sistemas, y las consecuencias que de su interpretación se derivan directamente, lo cual permitirá mejorar su organización y alcanzar mayor eficiencia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key factors affecting livestock production efficiency on 103 cattle ranches from Makenaf II Livestock Center, with different and holding features and distributed over a wide area surpassing 18 800 ha, were determined. The basis for a livestock arrangement program was established. Sixteen cattle ranches were sampled and surveyed in order to evaluate the behaviour of technological, organizational, and ecological processes determining livestock production efficiency. 96 variables characterizing the production process were included in the survey. Main component multivaried techniques were used for data statistical analysis as a way to define the key factors determining livestock production efficiency on the cattle ranches. The factors were chosen by the main components method, the Varimax method for matrix rotation, and the conglomerate analysis for cattle ranches arrangement. The complete linkage method and the euclidian distance were used to estimate the distance matrix as an arrangement strategy. A number of management traits such as percentage of cows discarded from reproduction, weaned-off calf age, heifer percentage within dairy farms, grazing time and load showed a uniform behaviour, no matter differences in land holding features, grazing load capacity, environment situation, and production ends, which negatively impacted upon herd birth rate, production level, and livestock survival within the territory. Besides, the inefficient grazing management and biosecurity standards violation have had a negative impact on the environment, i.e., they have provoked the grazing system deterioration, the wild marabou dissemination, and pest plant invasion which decrease systems biomass and affect biodiversity in a long run. The key factors determining livestock production efficiency in Jobabo municipality are production and reproduction process organization. Both explain the system 56 % variance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analecta Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)