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Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Families in Action It is a state program implemented for more than 20 years in Colombia, based on the interest in contributing to overcoming poverty; This research aims to understand how the execution of this program is perceived by the inhabitants of Commune 1 of Medellin in relation to the objective. For this, a qualitative methodology was used that included focus groups with women beneficiaries of the program, interviews with social leaders and state representatives whose results indicate that, although it is recognized as an economic relief and contributions are identified in the reduction of child malnutrition and increased school permanence; It is not considered sufficient to reduce poverty, in which a multiplicity of factors are related, such as access to post-secondary education, job opportunities, violence; among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2030 Agenda, with its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), constitutes a universal and ambitious plan that maintains the central objective of eradicating poverty by addressing various areas of sustainable development. However, since 2020, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have posed a challenge to the achievement of the agreed-upon goals. In fact, since its inception, the impact of Covid-19 has led to setbacks in the progress towards achieving the SDGs, with a notable regression in 2021. This article utilizes data from the Sustainable Development Goals Index report to analyze the compliance status of SDG 8 and SDG 13 in the four Latin American countries that are members of the OECD. Mixed results are evident, compromising the attainment of the agreed-upon targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los programas de protección social se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable y efectiva para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población en situación de pobreza y vulnerabilidad. En este artículo se examinan los cinco principales programas de transferencias monetarias de Colombia, y se estudian su historia, su focalización, su cobertura, su operatividad y los compromisos fiscales derivados de su implementación. Asimismo, se hace una revisión de las evaluaciones de impacto de estos programas y sus resultados en múltiples indicadores sociales. Este trabajo es un primer intento de consolidación de la información existente sobre el tema en Colombia, que permite entender de manera comprehensiva el alcance y los retos de estos programas, así como identificar posibles áreas de investigación y mejora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study was to analyze real poverty and the contributions of female employment in the reduction of monetary poverty and human capability poverty in Bokobá and Teya, Yucatán. A mixed methodology was used. Quantitative data were obtained through a cluster sample survey, 134 questionnaires were completed. Qualitative data were collected through 24 interviews. Findings indicate that in Teya there is greater monetary poverty and women are less able to be employed than women in Bokobá; it is also evident that by increasing the women's economic contribution, poverty in households decreases; in addition, having a job enables women to strengthen their agency and their voice. The conclusion points to the critical importance of women being employed, as this helps to reduce poverty by capabilities and to break through monetary poverty in their households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EconoQuantum is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de la Gestión is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

India is one of the most important emerging economies of the present historical moment. Thanks to its geographic and demographic extension, it is one of the countries with the greatest prospects for economic growth, but such growth has been hindered by high levels of poverty, inequalities and social vulnerabilities, falls in GDP and low human development indexes, in addition to the constant political tensions that have arisen since its independence. Today, it has gone from being an economy that privileged agriculture to a market economy, with a strong presence in the provision of services, with tendencies to strengthen relations with the European Union, Japan, the United States, Australia and Latin America. Future prospects include GDP growth, population growth, poverty reduction and a better position in relation to global economies. The method used for the elaboration of the research is of the analytical-descriptive type, it is concluded in the relevance of India within the present geopolitical scenario, in its vital presence for the provision of services, for commercial activity and for the strengthening of multilateral cooperation, with strong presence of Indian labor throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: Colombia is the main producer and exporter of cape gooseberry [Physalis peruviana L.] in the world and Nariño is the fourth most important producer department. This crop has become a significant source of income for small producers who base their economy on small-scale agriculture, characterized by family labor. This study was conducted in the southern [former province of Obando] and northern [municipality of San Pablo] areas of the department, considered productive niches for cape gooseberry. Knowledge gap: At the national level, studies on rural poverty have been scarce despite their importance for the definition of public policies to improve the quality of life of the population, especially considering dispersed rural areas where a wide variety of agricultural products are produced, including the so-called promising production systems such as cape gooseberry. Purpose of the study: Analyze the socioeconomic conditions and the determinants of poverty that affect the quality of life of cape gooseberry producers in the department of Nariño. Methodology: A technical and socioeconomic characterization survey was designed and applied, between 2019 and 2020, to 133 cape gooseberry producers. Based on the information obtained, poverty indicators by UBN [Unsatisfied Basic Needs], MPI [Multidimensional Poverty Index] and their determinants were estimated, using a Logit econometric model. Results and conclusions: The existence of 50.4% of family units in poverty were identified by UBN and 34.54% by MPI. Besides, there is a probability of 4.6 times of being poor when economic dependence predominates [economic burden that relies on the productive population of a household]; 2.08 times less when there is a higher level of education and 1.31 times less when there is more land in the farm. Finally, it was identified the importance of formulating differentiated policies between urban and rural areas aimed at poverty reduction, particularly through access to education and technical capacity building processes, and guaranteeing quality basic services, formalization of employment and equitable land distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the concept of «decent work» defined by the International Labor Organization is assumed as the productive work of men and women in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity, and is proposed as one of the priority objectives of the Agenda 2030 sustainable development of the United Nations. Objective: to identify and analyze the elements that decent work involves from the perception of women microentrepreneurs who work in the natural or organic artisanal food and beverage sector to contribute to the discussion about the characteristics of the concept of decent work for women from sustainability economic and labor. Method: it involved a descriptive qualitative approach with a gender perspective and the concept of structural culture as a theoretical perspective, to analyze the elements of decent work from the perspective of women. The field work involved the participation of 5 women microentrepreneurs from an artisan collective who were given in-depth interviews. Results: from the perception of women, the essential elements for a decent job are the convictions, suspicions and interests of women microentrepreneurs, and the work-family balance. Conclusions: the absence of these elements in the labor and social structures in which women operate are an obstacle if the intention is to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, since the eradication of poverty is only possible through stable, fair and well-functioning jobs. paid. Additionally, entrepreneurship was identified as a sustainable process of empowerment for women who do not find a work space that balances convictions, concerns and interests and work-family reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The following text shows the potential contributions offered by critical realism when it comes to generating an educational research structure that allows bringing to light knowledge that traditional educational research fails to show. Methodology: To do this, the following text reflects theoretically on how the study and analysis of social inclusion and anti-poverty programs existing in advanced Western societies could be approached through the analytical prism of critical realism. Results: Thus, from the analytical tools of critical realism, the limitations of these programs will be shown, both in their basic foundations and in their educational proposals for training for employability. Conclusions: Based on such limitations, alternative paths can be indicated in order to achieve a fairer society, among others the proposal for a universal basic income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iustitia is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Bucaramanga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to analyze the issue of food security, articulating it with the relevance of achieving SDG 2, as one of the fundamental objectives set by the United Nations Organization for Sustainable Development (2015). To achieve this end, the research focuses on four fundamental aspects: 1. The relevance of food security in the global context and the need for timely access to food for individuals, without neglecting the asymmetric structural contexts on the planet, such as hunger and poverty, which limit the conditions for development (FAO, 2009). 2. The relevance of SDG 2 for food security, the production of goods and food effectively, preventing actions that threaten life on the planet (Cóndor et. al, 2022). 3. The presence of people who suffer from hunger in the Latin American and Caribbean region, which has been on the rise since the 2010s and which limits the possibilities of access to sustainability and better living conditions (ECLAC, 2019), a fact that has been intensified with the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic (FAO, 2021). 4. The COVID-19 pandemic that has given rise to new vulnerabilities and conditions for access to food, resulting, among other things, in the stunted growth of infants under five years of age. The method used is documentary review. It concludes on the relevance of food security for the achievement of sustainable development, for the reduction of poverty and structural asymmetric conditions, without failing to recognize the distance that exists to reach the fulfillment of these objectives, especially in convulsive scenarios such as those of the global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research seeks a conceptual clarification of sustainable city and sustainable tourism, which promotes meeting points that allow to put aside the critical paradigm of rurality of sustainable tourism. For this, the documentary methodology was used with a hermeneutical assessment capable of confronting the proposed conceptualizations. The new sustainable urban dimension is linked to the United Nations 2030 Agenda with the goals of SDG-11, likewise sustainable tourism is based on SDG-5. The city and sustainable tourism find a common point in the social, economic and environmental requirements, which they seek to overcome in light of the new vision that requires the constant goal of minimizing the negative effects on the environment, to mitigate the advance of the global climate crisis, the reduction of poverty and access to public services, health and education, to finally promote the economic profitability of sustainable tourism services in the city or other spaces that are resilient to natural threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peru, a biodiverse country that demands significant volumes of food to meet human nutritional needs, is in political and social uncertainty, since the indicators of food security and malnutrition of a segment of the population are above the thresholds of a country developing. For this reason, this research analyzes the potential of the country to improve food security indicators, using in a planned and sustainable manner the immense biological natural resources that lie in its territory. A conceptual-hermeneutical analysis of the experiences in food, nutrition and health programs generated by state governance and private interest groups in the last two decades to achieve the reduction of food insecurity indices is carried out. A comprehensive and binding political management of nutritional indicators recommended by the WHO is proposed, which includes mass production and the sustainable agro-industrial treatment of the indigenous superfoods of the Peruvian territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article titled "Agenda 2033: New and Eternal" analyzes the relationship between the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the great Jubilee of Redemption in 2033. The author proposes reinterpreting the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda from a Christian perspective, using terms such as "loving the poor" instead of "end of poverty" and "infinite hunger" instead of "zero hunger." The book seeks to transcend the 2030 Agenda and place Jesus Christ at the center of attention. The author uses illustrations, explanations, and narratives to present his approach. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Democracy and Political Cycles" analyzes the institutional continuity of Argentine democracy since 1983 and highlights the achievements in promoting transitional justice processes and civilian control over the Armed Forces. It also points out the lack of socioeconomic development and the political and economic volatility that the country has experienced. The article analyzes the delegative cycle in the presidencies of Raúl Alfonsín and Carlos Menem in Argentina, highlighting political polarization and citizen discontent due to the economic and social crisis. Additionally, it mentions the emergence of a political outsider, Javier Milei, and raises the question of whether his support reflects ideological radicalization or simply a vote of punishment towards the existing political offer. On the other hand, the article "Economy and Politics in Kirchnerist Argentina" analyzes the relationship between the economy and politics during the Kirchner government in Argentina, examining how the implemented economic policies affected the country's development and wealth distribution. Challenges and achievements in areas such as industrialization, foreign investment, and poverty reduction are highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of the research was to determine the influence of Public Management by Results on the quality of life of the citizens of the Junín 2021 region. The type of research is basic, with a quantitative approach of explanatory scope, non-experimental design, transectional, the method was hypothetical deductive. The data collection was only once through the application of an instrument to a sample of 108 respondents, for its reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. The instruments on the Likert scale were submitted to an Excel table and then with the statistical program SPSS v25, they were submitted to the simple linear regression statistical test, finding a value of p=0.00 at a significance level of 0.000 (bilateral), and a correlation level of 0.965, which indicates that there is a high correlation and dependency between the study variables. Concluding that: Public Management for results directly and significantly influences the quality of life of the citizens of the Junín 2021 region. Likewise, recommending assertive management management, supervising the management activities of public resources for the benefit of the quality of life of the citizens of the Junín region; prioritizing the reduction of gaps in the reduction of poverty, health, education, basic services such as water and sanitation. The research is supported by the theories of Managing for results and other theories, contributions from current authors that enrich the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to describe the actions of the family social network and its influence on poverty reduction in the older adult, highlighting the support they receive, whether material, instrumental, cognitive or emotional. The development of the research was qualitative, with a phenomenological design, relating both the older adults and the members of the support network. The data collection technique used was the semi-structured interview, which sought to bring the researcher closer to the social and cultural conditions where older adults live, all of them in an age range between 60 and 90 years old, belonging to strata one and two in the cities of Bogota and Medellin. The results made it possible to identify the actions of the family social network, as well as the emotional relationship that occurs directly with the family, especially with the sons and daughters, who carry out actions aimed at strengthening the instrumental and emotional support to meet the basic needs of the older adult. The research also highlights the labor barriers, the lack of access to a monthly pension payment and the different obstacles they face in accessing programs for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia Administrativa is the property of Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education & Law Review / Revista de Educación y Derecho is the property of Revista de Educacion y Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyses the effect of exports on poverty using dynamic data panel for the 32 states in the period 2008-2018 and considering a non-linear relationship between exports and poverty. It is found that exports tend to reduce poverty, both directly and in combination with public social spending, local market size, remittances, road density and financial depth. Likewise, remittances, public spending, infrastructure, and commercial bank credit to the private sector are factors that contribute to the reduction of this socioeconomic phenomenon. Corruption is estimated to increase poverty, while macroeconomic stability and education do not show significant influence. It is concluded that, given the interest of state governments to reduce poverty, economic and decentralization reforms are needed to realize the potential of exports in poverty reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a mixed approach, the research aimed to study the Paraguayan social structure in its relationship with the situation of the child and adolescent population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This made it possible to identify three risks: first, the increase in poverty, because of the suspension of economic activities and the reduction in income. Second, the risk of social fragmentation, where the institutional support of the State focuses assistance on a segregated manner and, many times, under clientelist criteria, dismantling certain types of organization and collective action. Third, the affront against integrity, in which girls and adolescents are victims of gender inequalities. The three risks synthesize living conditions associated with concrete vulnerabilities, erected on the fragile terrain of poverty, precariousness, and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to presenting himself as economic development, the discourse on mining activity must integrate the inequalities of power and benefits that exist in it. The objective of this work is to analyze the existing and potential socio-environmental implications promoted by openpit mining activity in the municipality of Álamos, Sonora under the focus of political ecology. Methodological dynamics is a combination of discourse analysis and spatial analysis, the first through semi-structured interviews and the second with calculations of vegetation and water stress indices. The results indicate two main aspects in Álamos, Sonora: the presence of a positive dominant discourse in favor of the mining industry as a provider of local employment, which differs with the socioeconomic characteristics of marginalization and poverty of the municipality; and the discursive acceptance of the problem of the reduction of vegetation and water limitations in the area, however, the interviewed population visualizes these aspects detached from the mining sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document analyzes the first global milestones that promoted concern for the environment and sustainable development from a perspective of economic history. Three main milestones are mentioned: the publication of "The Limits to Growth" in 1972, the Stockholm Conference in 1972, and the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1972. The "Our Common Future" report of 1987, which introduces the concept of sustainable development, is also highlighted. The analysis shows how the economic context influenced the importance given to economic growth and poverty reduction compared to environmental impact. The document seeks to provide a historical perspective on this transition towards a more balanced approach between economic growth and environmental care. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Cooperación y Desarrollo is the property of Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Perspectiva Empresarial is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Ceipa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mexico's economic development will be analyzed based on recent data and measuring diverse factors reflecting such complex phenomenon. First, we will study the evolution of the standard of live focusing on the income generation capabilities of its population. Then it will be argued that the best explanatory variable for the country's standard of life is the economic growth since it improves the well-being of all population. Consequently the third topic addressed will be the current state of income distribution, allowing us to analyze the country's disparities regarding well-being. Finally, we will investigate the current state of poverty in Mexico as one of the factors summarizing economic growth and as the result of the development of the previous factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed in 1994, Mexico became more dependent on the foreign market to supply the food it consumes, it is estimated that the country's global the food dependency is currently 42%. This document discusses the current importance of maintaining food security in two countries that have different experiences, but agricultural structures where small production units prevail. Mexico's experience in liberalizing the corn market, since 1994 with NAFTA, has led to greater poverty, migration, rural unemployment, poor agricultural growth, reduction in the supply of corn, among others aspects. This analysis is contrasted with the experience of a protectionist policy in South Korea, which has maintained a of self-reliance food policy, mainly rice, the basis of their diet. Despite the fact that this country is twenty times smaller in size than Mexico, with more than 2.3 million small family production units, which only have 2 hectares on average, it has managed to maintain the self-sufficiency of this grain for more than five decades. The aimed that is brought to attention is to reflect on whether it is still possible for small agricultural production units to survive in a world that is increasingly globalized and dependent, for which it is analyzed in the case of rice in South Korea and the experience of Mexico in full liberalization of corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes structural violence in Mexico from the perspective of the Galtungian typology. The theory developed by Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung is used to explain violence, focusing on the concept of structural violence and its main elements. The contributions of Galtung, Benjamin, Cortés, and Lozano are considered to understand how to operationalize the concepts. From a critical perspective, it is argued that violence is a manifestation of capitalist economic and political structures that maintain inequality, poverty, and marginalization. The text presents Galtung's typology of violence, which includes six types of violence: physical and psychological, positive and negative, intentional and unintentional, and manifest and latent. Additionally, the importance of distinguishing between personal violence and structural violence is highlighted. Galtung also mentions four types of violence related to basic human needs: classical violence, poverty, repression, and alienation. The satisfaction of these needs guarantees peace, while their denial leads to human and social degradation. The typology of structural violence is considered Galtung's great contribution. The text discusses the concern and criticism of human rights as a philosophical and political battleground. It is mentioned that structural violence occurs when basic human achievements fall below their potential. Inequality is highlighted as one of the dimensions of structural violence, and it is mentioned that the unequal distribution of resources widens the gap between potential and reality. The example of income distribution in Mexico is used to empirically observe this economic inequality. The author highlights income inequality in Mexico, especially between the first decile and the rest. It is mentioned that the implementation of the neoliberal model has increased inequality and poverty in the country over the past three decades. Information is presented on the growth of Gross Value Added (GVA) and profits compared to wages, as well as the increase in the tertiary sector at the expense of productive activities. The decrease in the state's participation in economic development and the increase in public spending are also mentioned. The article presents different opinions on inequality and poverty in Mexico. According to authors Fernando Cortés and Ramón Lozano, inequality has effects on access to basic goods and services, and slow economic growth has generated poverty and misery in the country. To measure poverty, multidimensional poverty is used, which includes indicators such as income, educational lag, access to health services, among others. According to data presented by Cortés, poverty increased after the economic crisis of the 1990s but decreased in the first decade of the new millennium. However, despite social policy efforts, poverty reduction has been limited. According to Coneval, in 2018, there were around 60 million people in income poverty and 21 million in extreme income poverty in Mexico. Additionally, 89 million Mexicans were in a situation of social deprivation. The article presents indicators on violence and daily life in Mexico. The percentage of the population with at least one social deprivation and with at least three social deprivations is shown, as well as indicators of educational lag, access to health services, access to social security, housing quality and spaces, access to basic services in housing, and access to food. The percentage of the population in poverty, moderate poverty, and extreme poverty is also mentioned. It is emphasized that although there has been a decrease in extreme poverty, moderate poverty has remained unchanged in recent years. [Extracted from the article]

One of the main concerns of the International Community nowadays is the achievement of sustainable development, an aspect that is reflected in the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations General Assembly. Within the Objectives proposed by the Agenda, sustainable economic growth and decent work for all appear hand in hand, evidencing that all measures and policies that pursue greater economic growth worldwide must protect, at the same time, workers' core labour rights. Given that international trade is an engine for the economic growth of the countries that participate on it and poverty reduction, while contributing to the promotion of sustainable development, it is imperative to ask how the multilateral international trading system should adapt to the Sustainable Development Goals, or, in other words, how the World Trade Organization, a multilateral international organization mired in a deep institutional crisis, must be reformed to adapt to the postulates of the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labor informality, associated with low income, increases a household's likelihood of being poor and experiencing precarious living conditions. The aim of this article is to study the relationship between labor informality and both monetary and multidimensional poverty in Bogota, the capital of Colombia, and its Metropolitan Area (MA). Based on the Multipurpose Survey, the article estimates levels of labor informality and pay gaps, as well as indicators of monetary and multidimensional poverty. This article also simulated various scenarios to identify the levels of poverty reduction as a result of a potential formalization and closing of gaps by segmentation, highlighting the heterogeneities between areas of Bogota and its Metropolitan Area (MA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia there have been no electoral processes of transformation of the electoral preferences of the voters that imply the passage from one ideological cycle to another or from preferences for right-wing parties and candidates to left-wing parties and candidates, until the 2006 elections and clearer until those of 2018, which showed the beginning of the breakdown of the preference for right-wing candidates. Therefore, Colombia's entry into the Latin American wave of the shift to the left has been a lagging phenomenon that has made the country's electoral behavior a kind of outlier with respect to the rest of the region. The theories on the economic vote frame in this case the selected theories of Queirolo (20133) and Levitsky and Roberts (20114) which comprise a multi-causal spectrum but specify at least five economic key indicators [poverty, inequality, unemployment, inflation and economic growth of informality] regarding its impact on the turn to the left. This article seeks to establish the existence of such an association between its increase during the years prior to the arrival of the left for the first time in Colombia and in the electoral years and the delayed change in electoral preferences by the Colombian electorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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