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This work shows the results of the preliminary study of sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis with in situ catalysis, carried out in an experimental installation with a fixed bed oven. The biomass was subjected to granulometric and immediate analysis, resulting in a content of 24,36 % of moisture, 77,03 % of volatile matter, 2,91% of ashes and 1,29% of fixed carbon; the average particle diameter was 1.2 mm. The influence of the dose of catalyst C-1, in proportions of 10 and 20 %, on the yield of the pyrolysis products was analyzed. The experimental conditions were: mass of the biomass fed to the reactor of 18 g, heating rate 30 °C / min, residence time of the biomass in the reactor 30 min, temperature in the reactor 500 °C; the process was developed at an absolute pressure of 81,71 kPa. The highest liquid yield was obtained when the biomass was combined with 10 % of catalyst C1, the same being 41% (wet basis). The highest gas yield was obtained when the bagasse was pyrolyzed without the presence of catalyst. By qualitative analysis it was found that the liquid products of pyrolysis, with and without catalyst, evidenced the presence of phenols and enols, aldehydes and carbonyl compounds. The determination of the chemical properties of the carbon obtained showed that with the use of catalyst the content of volatile compounds decreased, which is consistent with the higher yield obtained from volatile products in the presence of catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingenium is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas e Ingenieria de Universidad de San Buenaventura, Revista Ingenium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In pyrolysis of biomass process: solid, liquid and gas products are obtained. To optimize the organic material degradation, a variety of catalysts are employed. Morphological changes in the catalysts during the pyrolysis reaction are evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technique. In this work, a pore and pore wall sizes, before and after pyrolysis process, of a Cu/SBA-15 catalysts are characterized. From results it is observed that the catalyst not present morphological changes in the pyrolysis of biomass, indicating the possible re-use of catalyst in similar succesive processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the pyrolytic fuel (liquid fuels obtained from the pyrolysis process of used tires), the physicochemicalcharacteristics correspond to gasoline, kerosene and diesel fractions. To determine the environmental sustainability of its use, combustion tests were developed in a diesel test engine(800 and 2500 rpm), in order to establish the comparison with a commercial ecuadorian diesel. The obtained results proved based on the analysis of emissions and combustion failures that this fuel cannot be a direct replacement for diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains the results of the rheology of water emulsions of Cuban crude petroleum PE and HE, employing emulsifier agent EM-10 prepared with pyrolysis products of sugar cane straw or bagasse In the same emulsion formulations were analyzed and determined the rheological behavior to prepare, and then spend 24 hours standby. The investigation confirmed that the crude PE and HE remain a newtonian rheology with a viscosity of 33,104 Pa.s and 28,733 respectively, while all the emulsions were obtained with a pseudoplastic rheological behaviour, Lower values of viscosities at 1 Pa.s, even after being reconstituted after 24 h of rest, with best results obtained in the two relationships that had 60% of the crude petroleum sed. The work confirmed that the emulsion prepared with emulsifier ying agent EM-10 presents the stability conditions for transport by pipeline, this emulsifier having a well highly effective when crude petroleum of viscosity between 28 and 33 Pa.s is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polycondensation reaction of tabacco wastes slow pyrolysis tar with formaldehyde, was studied by means of 2k experimental factorial design. Factors involved in the study were; tabacco tar/ formaldehyde ratio (g/ml-of formalin) and reaction temperature. Constant factors were amount of catalizer and reaction time as well as stirring speed. As response for the design it was taken the reaction product's density at 25 °C. The obtained adjusted model showed that both factors have a significative influence on the density response, specially at it's inferior level. The presence of a significative interaction term between the two factors indicates that in the selected experimental region, the response does not vary linearly with the factor's levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuels were obtained by fast pyrolysis of palm oilwastes (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in a free fall reactor. Previously, palm oil wastes were dried and sieved and then were fed to the reactor. As pyrolysis products, char, non-condensable gas and bio-oil, a condensed liquid composed by alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes and aromatics, were obtained. The experiments were carried out at temperature range 500-700°C. The highest bio-oil yield, 23.3%, was obtained at 600°C. The gas compositional analysis showed CO2 2,720%, H2 0,703 % , CH4 1,289%, CO 2,472 % and N2 for the non-condensable gas produced at 600°C. The highest gas yield was obtained at 700°C but bio-oil yield was 14.9%. Results indicate that temperature has an important effect on the product yields and composition. A future step will be an economical analysis in order to evaluate the possibility of using non-condensable gas as energy source for pyrolysis reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methodology for the preparation of YBCO superconducting films on ZrO2(Y) substrates by spray pyrolysis method is reported. The transition temperature of these films is superior than the boiling temperature of liquid N2. Other critical parameters are similar to those reported by other authors using the same technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Actualmente, se reconoce que la pirólisis constituyen una manera efectiva para procesar residuos orgánicos, particularmente aquellos provenientes del sector agroindustrial o del manejo de bosques y jardines. Dichos procesos permiten recuperar gases con poder calorífico aprovechable y carbones vegetales, los cuales son sólidos carbonosos cuyos usos no sólo incluyen la generación de energía térmica, sino también su aplicación directa como enmienda en suelos degradados, ya que el carbón vegetal, también llamado biocarbón, puede aportar al suelo carbono, nitrógeno y otros nutrientes. Para esta segunda aplicación, resulta de suma importancia la caracterización de las fases inorgánicas que permanecen ocluidas dentro del material carbonoso luego de la pirolisis, ya que las mismas influirán sobre la actividad fertilizante que pueda tener el carbón vegetal, una vez se incorpore al suelo degradado. La microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), acoplada con microanálisis químico por espectroscopía de rayos x de energías dispersivas (EDS), constituye una herramienta efectiva para caracterizar microquímica y morfológicamente las partículas minerales que quedan dentro del biocarbón. Teniendo en cuenta esta realidad, en el presente trabajo se pirolizaron entre 800 °C y 1200 °C muestras de residuos de jardinería y de poda de árboles, recolectados en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Se estudiaron seis muestras en total, dos de ellas provinieron de residuos de hojarasca y gramíneas, dos de residuos de poda de setos y tres provenientes de poda de árboles ornamentales. Los carbones obtenidos se caracterizaron mediante análisis próximo y análisis elemental, determinándose que presentaron contenidos (% en peso) de cenizas entre 2% y 27%, contenidos de carbono total entre 55% y 86% y de nitrógeno entre 0,4% y 1,1%. En cuanto a los análisis SEM-EDS de las partículas minerales presentes en los carbones, se identificaron partículas con contenidos variables de fósforo, potasio, azufre, sodio, calcio, cloro, titanio, hierro y zinc. Finalmente, se discuten los impactos que estos hallazgos pudieran tener sobre la aplicación de estos carbones como enmiendas a suelos sometidos a degradación antropogénica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Se presenta el estudio de la lixiviación de las colas del proceso carbonato amoniacal de la empresa niquelífera de Moa "Ernesto Che Guevara" aplicando productos líquidos de la pirólisis del bagazo de caña como agentes lixiviantes. Se realiza el análisis de la influencia de la temperatura durante la lixiviación en un reactor con agitación, utilizando el ácido piroleñoso obtenido por pirólisis lenta del bagazo de caña y el residuo de la destilación del ácido piroleñoso. A la máxima temperatura aplicada, 60°C, se alcanzan extracciones de 35,6 % de níquel, 37,0 % de cobalto, 39,4% de hierro, 30,3% de cobre y 34,0 % de manganeso con el ácido piroleñoso de bagazo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de la destilación atmosférica y al vacío de los productos líquidos de la pirólisis del bagazo de caña. El alquitrán vegetal, a una presión de 137 mm Hg, tiene un punto inicial de ebullición de 54°C y el punto final 400°C. La destilación a presión reducida del ácido piroleñoso da lugar a 8 fracciones y un residuo, con puntos de ebullición inferiores. En la destilación atmosférica del ácido piroleñoso, se obtiene un 61,8 % de destilado a una temperatura de 106°C. Con estos resultados se han elaborado las curvas características de destilación a las diferentes condiciones de presión. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Lasallista de Investigación is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biochar generated from the pyrolysis of organic materials reduces GHG emissions and impacts the soil's many other physical, chemical, and biological properties. This paper aims to show a systematic review of online databases about the progress and trends of knowledge in biochar, an important topic that contributes to the updating, synthesis, and dissemination of knowledge and allows classifying the growing flow of information and identifying accredited aspects from 2011 to 2022. From 2011 to 2022, 253 scientific articles were collected and 119 were selected. Cooccurrence networks were worked on, and the information was represented through graphs to visualize the total number of connections between entities, grouping (subdomains), and locating synonyms, among others. One of the selection criteria was the type of publication and the synopsis of the study of the effect of biochar on soil, environmental importance, and use in the agricultural sector, as well as the methodological approaches of the research process and implementation feasibility. The results showed a notable increase in research on the subject in recent years, with reports of effectiveness, as a soil conditioner and remediator, GHG mitigation, and a trend for water and soil decontamination with positive progress of new research. However, it is necessary to monitor the effects of the application of biochar in the medium and long term to originate cleaner production processes in the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sieving analysis, close analysis, real and apparent density of pine sawdust were studied as part of the application studies of this plant biomass, in pyrolysis and gasification processes. Sieving analysis was applied to determine the average diameter of particles according to different definitions; Gaudin-Andreiev and Rozin-Rammler models were adjusted to obtain the mathematical model of size distribution. The real and apparent density of the biomass was determined and the next analysis was carried out by the international standard GOST 2851-45. As a result, it was obtained that the Sauter diameter was 0.37mm. The model with the best fit for the size distribution data was the Rozin-Rammler model. The real and bulk density and porosity were 468.05kg/m³, 177.11kg/m³ and 0.75 respectively. The next analysis showed that the content of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash were 7.65%, 83.54%, 16%, 10% and 0.37%, respectively, porosity 0,75. The properties of pine sawdust show its potential as a raw material for the generation of fuels or energy carriers, applying pyrolysis and gasification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents a bibliometric review of the pyrolysis process of two types of polymers: polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS), to identify the necessary conditions to optimize the pyrolysis process, guaranteeing the majority production of the gaseous product with the aim of carrying out a second process, the growth of carbon nanostructures. Gaseous precursors such as methane, acetylene, and ethylene are essential hydrocarbons for the growth of said nanostructures, of which a variety of single-walled, double-walled, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, DWCNTs, and MWCNTs) stand out according to the literature and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). In this work, an analysis of the most relevant conditions is carried out to optimize the polymer pyrolysis process, that is, to reduce the temperature and reaction times to improve the composition of the products obtained from the pyrolytic process. Finally, the most relevant reports of the pyrolysis of the polymers exposed in the literature are disclosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research was carried out in the "La Magela" seedling house module, Quivicán municipality, Mayabeque Province, Cuba, in October and November 2022. The ´Elbita´ tomato variety was planted in polystyrene trays of 260 cells, which were previously disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (1%). A completely randomized experimental design with three replicates (trays) and twelve treatments was used. The treatments resulted from combining the substrates (natural rice husk, solarized compost and residual substrate from previous trays) and the pyrolysis moment (mixing the materials before pyrolysis, or pyrolysis of the rice husk. rice alone and then mix it with compost or residual substrate). Four controls (100% carbonized rice husk, blonde peat, solarized compost and residual substrate) were included. Pyrolysis was carried out in a traditional burner (80 cm in diameter, 60 cm in height) with holes and a chimney. Germination percentage (7 days) and height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root volume and integrity of the root ball (after 35 days) were determined. The plants diseased by "damping off" throughout the period were counted. The Infostat statistical program (free version) was used to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the response variables of the experiment. The Tukey test was used in case of statistical significance. A simple correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the variables root volume and root ball integrity. The variant of mixing 75% rice husk with 25% compost and then carbonizing them together showed the best results in height, stem diameter, and number of leaves of the plants, with less impact by "damping off". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical and sensory characteristics of the sweet almond flavor are reviewed. The quality of consumption of almonds depends on a series of factors, including physiological development in the field, harvesting and shelling conditions, as well as processing and storage conditions. Roasted almonds, in contrast to those raw, contain many more volatile compounds, as heat generates new volatile products through a series of reactions, including oxidation of lipids, sugar pyrolysis and Maillard reactions. The most important volatile components in the flavor of sweet almonds depend on whether they are raw and the type of roasting. Among them are 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, methyl propyl disulfide, 2-propionyl-1-pyrroline, phenylacetaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal and 2-furfurylthiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Center for Surface Engineering was conceived with the idea of conducting research in the area of materials aimed at industrial applications and also dedicated to the promotion of young talents by providing tools and links to the achievement of their specialized training, both functions with the ultimate aim of contributing to national development. This paper presents a review of one of the research lines developed at the Center, Coatings. In designing a coating, attention focuses on two important characteristics: the resistance to the environment in which we are placing the piece, and adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Needless to say, other features will be important, whether they relate to the appearance or physical and chemical properties of the coating. Taking into account different end uses of the coating, the Center has been searched the implementation of various types of coatings, offering in this paper a summary of results, highlighting the achievements in each case. Among the coating processes to be mentioned are: electroless coatings, plasma, solgel, pyrolysis, and fluidized bed CVD, laser and acetylene thermal-spray and surface nitriding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuels constitute an important alternative for the current national and worldwide energy demand. The main goal of this paper is to summarize the recent contributions of Universidad de los Andes for the development of technologies related to its production. Such efforts have been conveyed to the use of sub products like oil palm empty-fruit-bunch or domestic solid waste for ethanol production, hydrogen production and liquid fuels through anaerobic digestion and waste pyrolysis respectively, and biodiesel by fatty acids esterification. Generally, the limitations of these technologies stand on discovering adequate catalysts either from biological or chemical origin, finding optimum reaction conditions (temperature, pressure and reactive systems) accounting yield and selectivity and, finally, feedstock selection from an economical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of food as a source of energy has been questioned and agroforestry waste shows potential for these purposes. The objective of the work is to realize the chemical and energetic characterization of waste from Ecuador and study the kinetics of its pyrolysis, as an alternative for its use. Elemental, immediate analysis was carried out and thermal analysis techniques were applied. The higher carbon content and lower humidity and ash of Teak, favor its energétic use, with respect to Fernán Sánchez. In addition, its nitrogen and sulfur contents below 1 %, guarantee low NOx and SO2 emissions, reducing its environmental impact. The combined use of TGA, DTG and DSC allows to identify the three stages of pyrolytic cracking, the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. His kinetic study showed that the first and third stages are determined by diffusive processes fundamentally and in the second, different kinetic models prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work, the obtaining of carbonaceous materials from sugarcane bagasse, by means of activation with hexahydrate iron (III) chloride, is evaluated. Biomass was experimentally characterized through immediate and elemental analysis. Subsequently, its chemical activation was carried out and it was pyrolyzed in a tubular furnace and in simultaneous thermal analysis equipment. The immediate and elemental analyzes demonstrate the composition of the sugarcane bagasse modified with an inorganic salt, its possible thermodecomposition through pyrolysis and its better use as electrodes in fuel biocells. The thermal analysis techniques allowed to identify the thermodecomposition stages of the sugarcane bagasse studied and their temperature intervals, which are the basis of the kinetic study. All the study carried out allowed us to demonstrate the influence of chemical activation on the characteristics of the coal obtained and on the pyrolysis process carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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