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This article explores the political persecution unleashed during the post-war period by McCarthyism, which led to the systematic accusation and harassment of American citizens for their leftist beliefs or Communist Party affiliations. This campaign of rumors and denunciations was particularly aggressive against film industry professionals, notably the Hollywood Ten. The emotional climate of the era was charged with fear and anger, emotions that were vividly manifested in the experiences of those targeted. By analyzing the correspondence and screenwriting of Dalton Trumbo, including his work on films like Papillon, this article examines the impact of this persecution and the strategies Trumbo used to confront the U.S. government, survive the blacklist, and sustain his career. It traces his journey from self-exile in Mexico, writing under pseudonyms, and using front names, to his eventual return and recognition in Hollywood. This analysis highlights the importance of constructing a cultural history that captures the collective emotional experiences of communities affected by such events, and it shows how Trumbo’s personal ordeals influenced the dialogues and narratives of the films he contributed to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the nineteenth century, anticlerical and secularist sectors gained ground. Upon reaching the twentieth century, among the strategies that the Catholics worldwide used to try to stop this advance, it stands out that they usually presented themselves as persecuted by the governments promoting secularizing measures, freedom of religion, or laws to separate the State from the Church. For many Catholics of the time, these measures were practically synonymous with religious persecution, a term they used to refer to very different phenomena, as is proven by the cases of Mexico, Czechoslovakia, and Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of Jews from Hungary to Uruguay occurred between 1920 and 1957. In this study we focus only on analyzing the experiences both in Hungary and in Uruguay of those who arrived during and after the Shoa. That is, of those who suffered persecution and attempted extermination for being Jews and of those who survived it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish the unfortunate influences of a violent, macho and corrupt environment on the patient (J), approximately forty years old, who, together with her family, was subjected to threats and persecution which forced them to move. Methodology: Psychoanalytic treatment of one year in psychoanalysis, four sessions a week and with the need to move since she worked in her city and had to travel every week to attend the sessions. Psychoanalysis focused on the countertransferential difficulties experienced. Results and Conclusions: Through the psychoanalytic work, after six months the emotional state and nightmares improved and the beginning of reparative functioning was detected in the oneiric material. Some conclusions were reached about aspects that influence violence in Colombia: machismo, fanaticism and corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analytically reviews the character of Sofia Petrovna in the novel Sofia Petrovna (Lidia, Chukovskaya, 1967/1988) in the context of the police persecutions carried out by the Stalinist regime between 1935 and 1938 known as the Great Terror. This novel, written clandestinely during that period, recounts Sofia's struggle to find out the whereabouts of her son Kolia, arrested for no apparent reason; the sterile determination of this mother from Leningrad in the face of the monstrous Soviet bureaucracy and her own stigmatization as a relative of an enemy of the people, are factors that constitute not only the fictional plot of this work, but also the silenced chronicle of millions of Soviet women. martyred to the point of destitution or death by the judicial and police bodies of the USSR, including the author herself, who lost her husband, the physicist Matvei Bronstein, during the purges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the rewriting work that Costa Rican author Ana Lucía Fonseca does of some exemplary biblical narratives, to give voice to figures that, from her perspective, represent dissidence, heresy, exile, rebellion, and persecution. We focus on the stories "La amante de Eva" and "Caín y las semillas". For the analysis, we follow the contributions of Herrero Cecilia (2006), who understands the myth --within a rewriting work-- as a "reference intertext", which is interpreted and reformulated by a writer in a new text. Consequently, we consider, in relation to the new texts, the transformations --by inclusion or exclusion-- that are introduced in their narrative schemes (always in relation to the "intertexts of reference"), as well as the ideological line that underlies in the specific message, in each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the threat faced by the Rohingya people of losing their ethnic identity and how a new digital archive offers them the opportunity to preserve their cultural heritage. It is mentioned that the International Court of Justice is examining a case of genocide against the State of Myanmar for the persecution of the Rohingya people. To address the identity crisis, initiatives such as the Rohingya Cultural Memory Center and the Rohingya Historical Archive have been established, using digital media to promote Rohingya culture and preserve their history. The article highlights the practical challenges of digitally preserving Rohingya culture, including the precarious security situation of refugee communities and the diaspora, as well as concerns about the security and misuse of Rohingya people's data. It suggests educating communities about the importance of their cultural heritage and focusing on safer cultural preservation formats, such as oral storytelling. [Extracted from the article]

The article "The cause of the poor: a note on Domingo de Soto" addresses the 16th century debate on alms and Christian charity, highlighting the persecution of beggars by municipal authorities. Domingo de Soto defends the right of the poor to ask for alms and criticizes decrees that examine beggars to verify their condition. The exclusion of the truly poor out of fear of impostors is questioned, and the moral quality of beggars is defended, arguing that charity towards them is fundamental in the Catholic faith. [Extracted from the article]

This text aims to answer the following question: is there persecution of freedom of religious expression and the religious freedom of evangelicals in Brazil? To answer it, this writing used a bibliographical analysis, based on the following theses: 1. From the constitution of 1891, Protestantism experienced total freedom and numerical growth of its faithful. 2. The persecution argument and the political-evangelical project are reactions to public policies to combat discrimination, religious intolerance and homophobia. This type of discourse generates religious and political engagement on the part of churches and believers against what evangelicals, from the Pentecostal, Neo-Pentecostal and also many historic Protestant churches, call a cultural political project. Thus, it is concluded that in Brazil evangelicals did not suffer religious persecution. by left-wing governments, and currently do not suffer state persecution or social hostility to exercise their religious freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Report on Religious Freedom in the World by the Pontifical Foundation Aid to the Church in Need reveals that discrimination and religious persecution have increased worldwide, especially in countries like India, China, and Pakistan. In Nigeria, the mass kidnappings of students are a cause for concern, while in South Sudan, the situation is disastrous due to a combination of hunger, floods, drought, and growing insecurity. In Mozambique, over 67,000 people have been displaced by jihadist attacks, and in Gaza, the Catholic Church is concerned about the situation of Palestinian Christians. Additionally, the Vatican's work to improve relations with China and the situation of the war in Ukraine is highlighted. In Latin America, the Archbishop of Port-au-Prince speaks about violence and kidnappings in Haiti, while in Nicaragua, the persecution against the Catholic Church continues. [Extracted from the article]

This text explores the history of the establishment of two Mexican seminaries in the United States during the Mexican Revolution era (1910-1940). The research aims to highlight the significance of these two educational projects, their characteristics, and the implementation process itself. The objective is to study the relationships between members of the Mexican and American clergy in a complex context for Catholics in exile. The first seminary, named the Seminary of San Felipe Neri, was founded in the town of Castroville, Texas, in 1915; however, it had a short lifespan as it closed its doors in 1918. The second seminary, the Pontifical Mexican Seminary of Our Lady of Guadalupe, located in the community of Montezuma, New Mexico, was established in 1937 and remained operational until 1972. Both projects received support from various members of the American Catholic clergy, notably from the then-Bishop of Oklahoma, Francis Clement Kelley, who played a crucial role not only in fundraising but also in building consensus within the American Catholic community to show solidarity with the cause of religious freedom in Mexico. The research employs both primary and secondary sources, making visible the challenges faced by Mexican Catholicism on American soil. Despite the foreign support received, the study concludes that both projects maintained a distinctly Mexican identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents an interview with Rafael D'Aqui, team leader for Latin America and the Caribbean of the Pontifical Foundation Aid to the Church in Need (ACN), who visited Chile to evaluate the socio-ecclesial situation and ongoing projects. The concern for violence against Christian communities in Chile, especially in La Araucanía, is highlighted, and the importance of strengthening the experience of Christian communities in the country is mentioned. Additionally, the situation of religious freedom in Latin America is addressed, with an emphasis on the educated persecution towards religion in several countries in the region. [Extracted from the article]

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This article analyzes the activities of the Union of Mexican Catholic Ladies (UDCM) during the Cristero War in Mexico. It highlights how female activism built networks of sociability and solidarity to oppose the anticlerical secularism of post-revolutionary governments. The UDCM was an important organization in the Catholic struggle during the war, although its participation has been less studied than that of other organizations. During the war, the Catholic Ladies joined the National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty (LNDLR) and participated in civil resistance activities and protests against religious persecution. After the war, the Ladies restructured under the statutes of the Mexican Catholic Action, but maintained their maternal identity and promoted Catholic values in domestic and parish life. [Extracted from the article]

When looking at the El Salado massacre, we wonder about the factors that led this town of los Montes de María, in the context of the rural war in Colombia at the end of the 20th century, to become a military objective by the A.U.C (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia), that is, to receive the brand or stigma of 'guerrilla people'; that is, to become a massacrable town. This article tries to address this issue, thus analyzing the consequences of the FARC occupation since its entry into the region in the nineties. Ways like this Farean power had warmer logic and left little room for maneuver and freedom for the residents of El Salado; The saladeros had no choice or freedom, and cohabitation was confused with collaboration, passivity with belonging. In a second part, it reviews the effects of the brutal attack by the FARC against a certain group of residents (especially, ranchers and the military); In a way, the 2000 massacre, carried out by the AUC, was an inordinately hateful response to excessive violence by the FARC in the years before the massacre. In this section, we talk about the hatred and revenge that constitute elements that contributed decisively --among others-- to the 2000 massacre. The elaborations on the economy of hate by Sara Ahmed (2015) and the elaborations of Laura Quintana on affects (2020 and 2021) will be fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the Colombian political exile in Mexico from 1970 to 2020, a period in which structural and political violence in the country increased, as well as internal displacement and exile to different countries. The purpose is to analyze the sociocultural integration in Mexico of the exiles who have been forced to leave their country of origin due to the persecution of the State and paramilitary groups. The study was carried out with 27 political exiles (15 men, 12 women) in nine states of the Mexican Republic through ethnographic interviews conducted between 2019 and 2022. The information obtained in the voice of the Colombian exiles allows us to conclude that integration into the host country is determined by economic, labor, educational and social network conditions in direct relation to the temporality in exile. Sociocultural gains and losses characterize political exile, as well as various contributions to the host country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article "Human Dignity, Right of Asylum, and Religious Factor" is a review of the monograph written by Ángel López-Sidro López. In this work, the author analyzes the issue of asylum due to religious persecution and its relationship with the protection of human dignity. The current regulation of the right of asylum is examined at the international level, in the European Union, and in Spain, as well as the position of the courts in resolving appeals related to the denial of asylum. The persecution of believers, atheists, converts, apostates, ethnic groups, religious minorities, women for religious reasons, and conscientious objectors is addressed. Examples of decisions from European and Spanish courts related to these issues are provided. [Extracted from the article]

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Queer activist Gio Infante was one of the most lucid voices of the Peruvian social movements. At the age of 31, Infante's early death stopped a political and intellectual becoming that deserves to be revisited. Cultivating Gio Infante's memories is an effort to dispute the problematic desires for social normalization of some LGBTQ subjects and, more importantly, to dare to imagine queer horizons in which their lives are not socially and materially determined by violence. This article offers a close reading of Infante's essay, "The Other Memories: Persecution, Torture, and Death of Homosexuals During the Internal Armed Conflict" ("Las otras memorias: persecución, tortura y muerte de homosexuales durante el conflicto armado interno"), published in 2013. Infante invites us to nurture painful and subversive memories that allow us to glimpse political and affective anti-racist, feminist and queer coalitions. For Infante, the material conditions for imagining a queer peace do not yet exist in the present. Instead, Infante mobilizes the other memories as an analytic that allows him to open the past's virtualities, to try to repair political violence's anonymizing effect. In opposition to homonormative articulations and right-wing political consensuses, Infante tirelessly argues for the need to think critically about the material conditions of production, reproduction, and reification of homotransphobia in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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China and the Vatican have renewed their provisional agreement for the appointment of bishops, seeking to restore ties between the two states. However, despite this agreement, Chinese Catholics still do not enjoy full religious freedom due to control and religious persecution in the country. On the other hand, the Russian invasion of Ukraine continues to escalate, with bombings on civilian centers and the blockade of the export corridor. Pope Francis has expressed his support for Chinese Catholics and has spoken about the situation in Ukraine, urging for peace. Additionally, in Tigray, Ethiopia, urgent humanitarian assistance is needed due to the two-year-long civil war, and a ceasefire has been agreed upon between the Ethiopian government and Tigray rebel forces. Pope Francis has expressed his concern for the situation and has urged journalists to fight against the war. [Extracted from the article]

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The article reports on the situation of violence and persecution faced by Christians and Muslims in Nigeria. It highlights that both Boko Haram and the Fulani group have caused numerous deaths and displacements in the country. It is mentioned that the diocese of Maiduguri has experienced a decrease in Boko Haram attacks and has managed to reintegrate some terrorists into society. Education and forgiveness are presented as key tools to overcome the crisis, and ACN has been an important partner in funding projects to help the affected population. [Extracted from the article]

The prosecution of superstition and idolatry was one of the central elements of cultural and religious domination in XVI and XVII centuries Mexico. This essay explores the conceptualization and persecution of these transgressions through two New Spain manuals for confessors: Advertencias para los confessores de los naturales (1600) by Fray Juan Bautista de Viseo and Luz y méthodo de confesar idólatras y destierro de idolatrías by Diego Jaimes Ricardo Villavicencio (1692). These manuals are highly substantial in terms of analyzing the legal and social outlook of their colonial time. Their significance and integration as part of legal literature are also stressed, as well as their value as a source of analysis of social discipline systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents information about several blessed and martyrs, including Charles De Foucauld, Mario Ciceri, Armida Barelli, María Agustina Rivas López, Pauline Jaricot, Luigi Lenzini, Leonardo Melki, Tomás Saleh, María Paschalis Jahn, Juan Aguilar, and Isabel Sánchez Romero. It is mentioned that Charles De Foucauld lived a life of prayer in the Algerian desert and was beatified in 2005. It is also highlighted that Mario Ciceri and Armida Barelli were beatified, as well as María Agustina Rivas López in Peru in 1990. It is mentioned that Pauline Jaricot established the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and that Luigi Lenzini was murdered in 1945. Additionally, the story of several Dominican martyrs during the Spanish Civil War is recounted, including a group of Dominican friars arrested and executed in Almagro in August 1936, Juan Aguilar and other persecuted and murdered members of the order in Almería on different dates, and Isabel Sánchez Romero, a nun arrested, mistreated, and killed in February 1937. These martyrs were victims of religious persecution during the war. [Extracted from the article]

In this interview, Philipp Ozores, Secretary General of the Pontifical Foundation Aid to the Church in Need, talks about religious persecution in the world and the work of the institution. Ozores mentions that there are two simultaneous crises: the crisis of the Church institution and a crisis of faith in Western and more developed countries, including Chile. He also highlights the increase in extreme religious persecution in several countries, as a result of jihadism in Africa and nationalism in India and China. On the other hand, he mentions the growth of Christianity in Africa and Asia. Regarding Ukraine, Ozores emphasizes the role of the Catholic Church in helping the Ukrainian people during the war. The organization "Aid to the Church in Need" (ACN) has been supporting the Ukrainian Church since the 90s, financing the reconstruction of churches and seminaries, and currently is helping persecuted priests and religious sisters who are welcoming millions of refugees. The organization also works in other countries, supporting the Catholic Church and other Christian churches in pastoral projects. To safeguard religious freedom, it is important to take care of our relationship with God, know the laws that affect the exercise of religion, and create political alliances with members of other faiths and religions. [Extracted from the article]

The article "For a Pound of Flesh" analyzes Shakespeare's play "The Merchant of Venice" and its representation of the character Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. It explores the history of Jews in the Middle Ages, their persecution, and the restrictions they faced in Europe. It also examines the relationship between Jews and Christians in Shakespeare's time, as well as the author's purpose and strategy in writing the play. The article highlights the importance of existential identity in Shakespeare's work and how it is reflected in the character of Shylock. Additionally, it analyzes the use of disguise as a resource in the play and addresses themes such as paternal authority and the economic and ideological conflict between the characters. The article concludes by reflecting on the relationship between economy and religion and how the conflict is resolved in the play. [Extracted from the article]

Nobel Literature Laureate Kazuo lshiguro wrote a novel The Buried Giant prompted by the atrocities in the former Yugoslavia which resulted in about 140 000 people killed, 4 000 000 displaced and tens of thousands traumatized survivors of sexual violence, torture, persecution, extermination and ethnic cleansing . He wondered how it came about that groups of people, living in peace and relative prosperity for 50 years started slaughtering each other in the blink of an eye. This question and, more importantly, how to prevent the past from repeating stands at the center of any transitional justice effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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