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This work goal is to evaluate the use of cadastral information -geographical and literal- to determine and quantify the changes in crop types between two dates. The changes in an agricultural area of the Alboraya municipality since 1930 are studied. As information source, the cadastral parcel data of the cadastral polygon 4 of the municipality is studied. The Topographical Cadastral Map (TCM) of 1930 is used as old cadastral information, and the associated listing of parcels in paper format. This old information is compared with the current cadastral information. This research compares the crops registered on both dates. Along the process, the factors, characteristics and conditions to accomplish by the information of the study are also studied - availability, format, age, production technique, and georreferencing- to evaluate the method's advantages and limitations. As conclusion, remark on the utility of the old cadastral maps to detect crop changes. The TCM use allows quantifying and delimitating the produced changes in each territory element with detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the main obstacles to the conquest and colonization of America by European powers were the scarce knowledge of the territory and the hostility of indigenous ethnic groups to its presence. Over the years, remarkable characters played the role of explorers and applying empirical methods began the survey of the territory, using the data collected and with the methods available on that time the first maps were delineated. Nearly two centuries passed and maps of South America with the Amazon River and its hydrographic basin as one of the centrals elements began to be produced by religious and scientific personalities. The purposes were totally different, but the expected result was a reliable representation of the area. Through the use of geographic information system programs and specialized software in map comparison, a temporal and comparative analysis of five old maps of the region published in the eighteenth century was carried out, with which in a graphical way the reader can visualize the updates of the mapped geographic elements and the accuracy of the work. Likewise, the selected area was digitalized and the basic cartography of each map with its respective database was created. In order to visualize the information generated through a virtual environment, a Story Map Journal in ArcGIS Online was created, it includes a summary about the life of each author, a description and the bibliographic reference of the map made, and the map compared to current data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Center of Geographic Information (CNIG) carries out projects whose objective is the publication of different resources of our cartographic heritage, works that are carried out in collaboration with the Map Library and the Department of Territorial Observation of the National Geographic Institute (IGN). Access to already published resources can be done in different ways: through the CNIG download center, through Web Map Service (WMS) services, Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) services and IGN's own clients, published by the CNIG. These tools have been created based on the use and the identified needs of the users. The statistics on the use of these services and applications have shown that, although they are not included in the topics included in the INSPIRE Directive, old cartography is widely accepted. For all these reasons, during the last years, we have worked on the publication of old cartography and orthophotographs. This article presents the characteristics of web services published on Cartographic Heritage and the layers of information they contain, as well as examples of visualizers and web applications where they have been implemented with the aim of bringing this type of information to users and promoting thus its use and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the project of updating the fortification of the city of Alicante, Spain in 1721 in the context of the War of the Spanish Succession, with a focus on the role of engineer Jorge Próspero de Verboom as the possible author of the project. A historical overview of the fortification is presented, from its construction during the Muslim domination in Spain, the further Christian reconquest in the 12th century, and the 18th century. Projects of interventions of the fortification discussed include those led by military engineer Ambrosio Borçano from 1677 to 1678, Joseph Castellón y Pedro Joan Valero in 1688, and Diego Fabré, Juan Ballester y Zafra, and Jorge Próspero de Verboom in 1721.

This article aims to stimulate research on eighteenth century America within the scope of historical cartography, specifically on the copies of maps and charts kept in the main military archives of Spain. This broad study is limited to the material on American territories found in said archives. The purpose is to enable the selection of the map most relevant to the area under study, along with the author or authors who provide the most accurate information for the purpose intended, as well as detailing the historic iconography found in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]