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Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Metodología de la Investigación Social is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Sociologicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jangwa Pana is the property of Revista Jangwa Pana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper reviews pressing issues related to corporate taxation in the oil industry amid the financial crisis, sanctions imposed against Russia, and low oil prices. It pays special attention to the analysis of the first results of the tax reform and to the introduction of a profit-based tax. The main goal of the research is to develop and implement a modern and efficient tax regime that would ensure a continuous and stable flow of tax revenues to the national budget and contribute to the long-term development of the national oil industry. The subject of the study is the current issues of oil taxation, in particular, the application of the taxation mechanism of the financial results of oil companies and the reform of the taxation system of export duties to the oil refining industry. The article presents the ways of effective tax policy for the qualitative development of oil sector enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil industry generates large volumes of liquid waste with high levels of contamination and its discharge into bodies of water causes the deterioration of the environment. In order to evaluate the biofiltration in a fixed bed with different natural materials, in the treatment of production waters of said activity, two biofilters packed with adsorbent materials and recirculation in discontinuous during 7 days of experimentation were evaluated. The ecotoxicity of the residue from each column was analyzed at the end of the experiment to evaluate its final disposition. The biofilters operated in a stable way guaranteeing a notable reduction of COD, sulphides, fats and oils. The residues were shown to be toxic, although a ratio of 5:25 g of residue: soil mixture can be used as a conditioner in the remediation of contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEA is the property of Revista CEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nicolaita de Estudios Económicos is the property of Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to analyze the growth and socio-spatial configuration of two oil cities in Latin America, Barrancabermeja (Colombia) and Comodoro Rivadavia (Argentina), between 1907 and 1938. Using comparison as a methodological tool, we seek to analyze the similarities and differences of urban processes that arouse from the establishment of industry in sparsely inhabited territories. We highlight the appearance of two very well differentiated urban centers, on the one hand, the company town, which concentrates the industrial and residential activity of the workers. On the other, a town that acquires complementary commercial functions to those who took a single productive role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to analyze the main determinants of competitiveness in the oil industry in the main Latin American oil countries during the period 1996-2017. For this purpose, panel data econometric methods are applied in this research, namely, cross-section dependence (Pesaran), second generation unit root, cointegration (Kao and Fisher-Johansen), and heterogeneous causality tests (Hurlin and Dumitrescu). In this way, it is demonstrated that most of the variables are characterized by a cross-section dependence and there is evidence of cointegration relationships between the variables in the long term. Using the estimator Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), it is determined that there is a positive relationship between competitiveness and oil barrel production, referring to the fact that an increase in oil barrel production creates an increase in competitiveness, while there is a negative relationship between competitiveness with the real exchange rate and the crude oil barrel price, referring to an increase in the real exchange rate and the oil barrel price in each country generate a decrease in the competitiveness of the oil industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería (0121-750X) is the property of Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rules were established in the shallower waters of Tabasco to prevent fishing close to oil platforms ships. The article analyzes the perception of exclusion on the part of fishermen with respect to the petrolization of their marine space. Three workshops were carried out in order to obtain the fishermen's view; participatory mapping was employed to get an understanding of their fishing areas and of oil activities, as well as of the tensions between them and the "others". Spatial injustice is evident in the active exclusion of fishermen from the space surrounding oil platforms, as well as in the passive exclusion due to contamination, insecurity, and even more, bleak perspectives for the future. The article shows that these exclusions began with an acceptable arrangement for the inclusion of fishermen, which, nevertheless, led to their exclusion in order to increase extraction, given the exhaustion of Mexico's public oil extraction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imagofagia is the property of Imagofagia - AsAECA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of América Latina Hoy is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Colombian Amazon has the larger ecological conservation area in the country. It is a region where there is an interaction between biotic factors —human and non-human species— and abiotic factors —water, fuel oil, minerals. Considering that the oil industry has a special interest on the Amazon territory, with about 58,5 million of hectares, this paper deals with the question concerning the main environmental impacts of the oil industry on the region, and the social tension which that causes with the human communities that inhabit the Amazon. Thus, a substitution criterion is proposed in order to safeguard the life and the culture in this part of the Colombian territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desarrollo Gerencial is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to analyze overall technological innovation in software development joint ventures Venezuelan oil sector. The theoretical foundation for the development of this research was based on the authors Oberto (2007), COTEC (2001), Escorsa and Valls (2003) among others. The methodology used is descriptive with field, not experimental, transactional. Participants key informants was 52 joint ventures Venezuelan oil sector. The technique of data collection was a survey, for which a questionnaire instrument designed as closed answers built for thirty Likert scale questions, determining its validity was determined with Cronbach's alpha, which throw a value of 0.86, measured for the instrument, which indicated the degree of reliability of this was Very High. Finally, these results have allowed to answer the main research question: How is technological innovation in software development joint ventures Venezuelan oil sector?, In concrete technological innovation in organizations is positive study due to the components identified determinants of technological innovation, both process nature supplied and important elements such as: Customer, Quality, Communication and management style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article is intended to argue that a crisis in accounting representation in the oil industry is evident, due to the following causes: the accounting representation can be influenced by ideologies of power, both obeying the logic of the market, and evidencing an asymmetrical relationship between principal and agent, in the context of agency theory, and finally the protection of the particular interest to the detriment of the public interest. The article locates the crisis of accounting representation in the current context of the social, economic and environmental crises. We conclude that, in the exploration and evaluation of the oil and gas industry, the management may choose one of two methods, namely, successful efforts and total costs. The current problem is that the choice of the accounting costs recognition method in the exploration for and evaluation of the gas and oil industry phases is influenced by particular interests of the administration, to the detriment of the public interest regarding financial reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Docencia y Technologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We explore the traits that characterize the codes of conduct with the aim to understand the parameters of responsibility and ethical performance that Colombian oil companies define for themselves and for their stakeholders. The paper is exploratory and descriptive and uses the method of multiple case study. The codes are grouped in three blocks according to their structure. We show the philosophical roots of codes. codes of global companies are extensive and legal. Local companies with international ambition have less extensive codes, but maintain their legal nature. Codes of small local enterprises are short and mission-focused by this tone. Virtually all codes have their roots in utilitarian ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We explore the codes of conduct in order to characterize the responsibility and ethical performance parameters that Colombian oil companies define for themselves. Method: The paper is exploratory and descriptive. We use the method of multiple case study and a model of Gaumnitz and Lere (2004) in order to classify the codes. Results: The codes are grouped into three blocks according to their structure: codes of conduct of multinational companies; codes of conduct of local companies with international ambitions; codes of conduct of small local companies. Conclusions: Codes of global companies are extensive and legalistic. Codes of local companies with international ambitions are short and legalistic. Codes of small local companies are short and missionary. Virtually all codes have their roots in the utilitarian ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidad & Empresa is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enl@ce: Revista Venezolana de Información, Tecnología y Conocimiento is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Laboratorio de Investigacion y Sistemas de Informacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article refers to the affect of the Second World War on the Spanish oil industry. The article is divided into three parts: Part one refers to the period between 1870 and 1936, briefly showing how the industry's development was similar to the rest of western Europe. Part two refers to the World War II period in which autarky had a clear impact on the oil industry. The final part summarizes how the Spanish economy integrated with the rest of the developped world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High sunk-cost industries can be particularly vulnerable to governmental expropriation. Once assets are immobilized, political authorities can use their sovereign powers (e.g. taxation or price regulation in the domestic market) to extract revenues, not allowing the investors -private or state-owned companies- to recover their sunken capital. As a result of this weakening of property rights, investments will tend to decline and the sector will not be developed to its full potential. Revenue expropriation in this type of sector generates significant political benefits in the short-run while the costs are initially low, since production will not be affected immediately. Investments in industries such as oil, electricity, and mining in Latin American countries have been a typical example of this phenomenon. In the last century they have followed a pattern of cyclical investment and expropriation. This paper presents and analytical framework to evaluate the incentives of governments with respect to high sunk-cost sectors and shows how these incentives have been determinant in the development of the Venezuelan oil sector. In particular, it studies the 1920-1976 period before the nationalization of the oil industry characterized by an initial surge in foreign investment, followed by a period of weakening property rights, and decline in investments, which eventually translated into a dramatic fall in production capacity in the 1970's. It concludes with some comments on the implications of the analysis for the evolution of the oil industry after nationalization, and a few public policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]