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Introduction: The cerebellum is a key structure for the control of movement. Here, we ask the question about its role in the learning and execution of sexual behavior in the male rat. The study focused on the fluctuation of cannabinoid receptors that are directly involved in the long-term depression, one of the neural mechanisms for learning and memory. Objective: To determine the density of CB1 type cannabinoid receptor at the cortex of the vermis cerebellum in male rats, during their training to acquire sexual experience. Materials and Methods: Sexually naive Wistar male rats were used. They received five training sessions, one each other day. At the end of each test, some rats were used to determine the levels of CB1 receptors by immunohistochemistry. Results: The vermis cerebellum has a basal density of cannabinoid receptors that showed a significant transitory reduction at the lobules 1, 6, 7 and 10. Once the subject became expert, the density returned to basal levels. Conclusions: The learning of sexual behavior requires the transitory reduction of CB1 receptors in four cerebellar lobules. It is proposed that it strengths synaptic connections through mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation. Thus, the fluctuation of endocannabinoids at these cerebellar lobules at the vermis seems required for the establishment of neural circuits that allow the subject to get the experience for the appropriate execution of sexual behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]