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Latin America reported the following data regarding substance abuse in pregnant women: 44% alcohol, 51.8% tobacco, 8.3% amphetamines, 2.5% cocaine and 2% cannabis. Pregnant women using these substances are a risk factor for health institutions due to the physical, psychological, social, and family consequences for the mother and the newborn infant. Thus, intersectoral and interdisciplinary interventions are necessary to treat this problem. This review describes the physical and behavioral complications in the mother, fetus, and neonate as a result of the use of cocaine and its derivatives during pregnancy. A narrative review was performed by means of a search of journals indexed in PubMed, Lilacs, Ovid, Science Direct from 2000 to 2015. Keywords were used in order to perform a standardized literature search, and data from research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses were included. Pregnant consumers of cocaine involve a risk factor for public health due to the physical, psychological, family, and social consequences for the mother, the newborn, and infant, such as high blood pressure, abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. It is necessary for local health departments to develop, adopt, and adapt reporting, management, and monitoring protocols for consuming mothers and their children in order to promote healthy habits, prevention of obstetrics and neonatal complications and to monitor the impact on growth and development in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. To our knowledge, in spite of the increasing drug-abuse statistics in Mexican pregnant women, there are no published clinical researches approaching this issue in our country. We describe the characteristics of neonatal abstinent infants admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) located at the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara. Objective: To describe the characteristics of a sample of neonatal abstinent children as well as the efficacy of phenobarbital as a pharmacological alternative. Methods. Children from drug dependent mothers who were admitted to NICU from January 1st 2003 to December 20th 2007 and developed the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) were prospectively evaluated with a structured feedback form including parental data. Results. Ninety two NAS cases (3.5% of the total) were recruited in the assessed period. Mother's mean age was about 22 years with a low educational profile. The most common drug consumed by the mothers was cocaine (35%). Ten mothers had HIV-positive results, while the neonatal averaged gestational age was 37 weeks. Birth weight, corporal size and Apgar score mean values were 2 600 g, 47 cm and 9 points, respectively. The most common symptom was irritability in 77% of the patients. All the cases were treated with phenobarbital reaching a successful clinical remission of the symptoms. Conclusions. NAS represented the 3.5% of all the neonate patients admitted in NICU throughout 4 years. Our observations correspond to those previously reported in the literature. High incidence of concomitant infectious conditions was observed -especially HIV- and the predominant used drugs were cocaine and marijuana. Due to its high incidence and clinical relevance, drug-abuse during pregnancy ought to have further study in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]