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Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Non-alcoholic cocktails, in general, look very similar to alcoholic cocktails, with the difference that they do not use any type of alcoholic drink; they are suitable for anyone, even children. These are usually prepared based on fruit juices, soft drinks, grenadine and ice cream, with the most popular cocktails being those based on tropical fruits and citrus. The general objective of this work was to develop a formulation of a non-alcoholic orange-mint cocktail concentrate, of good acceptability, that allows its production on an industrial scale. The orange syrup concentrate produced and marketed by the Food Industry Research Institute was used as a base for the preparation of cocktail concentrate. The quality of the two fundamental raw materials was evaluated: orange syrup and peppermint essential oil, which were found to be adequate for the formulation. With the application of the ideal point scale (JAR) and the affective test with a seven-point hedonic scale, the optimal content of an ethanolic solution at 1% m/m in the orange syrup concentrate (0.9 g/100 g of orange syrup). The penalty analysis, indicated that the parameter that had the greatest weight in the acceptance of the product was the mint essence content, compared to orange content and sweetness. The cocktail concentrate produced with the optimized mint essence content presented 56.2°Brix, 1.34% acidity, mold and yeast count less than 102 CFU/mL and an acceptance of 6.5 on a scale of seven points, resulting in a high acceptability rate of 93%. The addition of peppermint essential oil after the cooling stage is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We analyse the coins minted in the ancient Phoenician colony of Malaca and discovered in the city of Suel, which can be located in the Cerro del Castillo of the Malaga town of Fuengirola. With a chronology including the last decades of the 3rd century until the final years of the 1st century BC, this set consists of 66 coins, most of them unpublished, which include the totality of Malaca emissions, as well as all the denominations coined in this city. We can also add to them another eight coins from different sites of its ager, one of them not published until now. This study allows us to verify that these findings follow the general tone established for this mint not only in Malaca itself but also within other settlements, thus contributing to increase the volume of coins from the Malaca mint known up to now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histórica (02528894) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Economies of agglomeration" have acted as catalysts of the progress and modernisation of many nations in the Global South but have also contributed to unbalancing the territory, widening the gap between urban and rural populations and the accumulation of high environmental and social deficits. In contrast to the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), the economies that make up the MINTs (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) have better territorial integration of their urban systems, with intermediate cities that act as "economies of intermediation" with the rural hinterlands, and which could contribute to achieving the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. The United Nations Habitat iii of October 2016 placed intermediary cities at the heart of the New Urban Agenda. The aim is to promote national urban policies in many of the economies of the Global South, allowing them to strengthen their role as the main instrument of economic integration and regional cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina is the property of Museu de Prehistoria de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The organization of the staff that worked at the Santafé Mint during its two characteristic periods is an aspect to be considered in order to understand the way the Mint works, and the mentality about its administrative organization. These periods are influenced by the relation ship between the Mint and the Crown. The first period was between 1620 and 1753, and the second, from 1753 to 1816. This article will examine staff ranks in the Mint, along with workers' hierarchicalization and functions. Likewise, in the first period we will study the social and administrative origins of particular treasurers, kinship relationships and the problems caused by delegating jobs. Finally, we will refer to the conflicts and irregularities that led to organize several visits in order to maintain control over the civil servants in charge of the Mint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the economic and political power bases of silver merchants in Mexico City in the seventeenth century. The importance of social networks and interpersonal links in the configuration of the silver industry to the framework of the Spanish monarchy is described, and particularly the necessity of maintaining links with church and judicial figures. The role that merchants from Mexico City played in the finance of the mining industry is outlined, including heavy investments in infrastructure due to the high level of resource exploitation practiced.

Deals with the setting up of the institution known as the Nasrid Mint House, its staff and its product: coins. The basic pillars of the institution during the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada are established with the support of disciplines such as history of Islam, history of art, architecture, town planning and sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aromatics have known for its therapeutic, condiment and cosmetic properties that provide benefits to the human health thanks to its bioactive compounds content and due to its sensorial characteristics are widely used in food preparation. For this reason, its cultivation and preparation for marketing, requires an appropriate supervision in the hygiene conditions to ensure its microbiological quality and avoid to affect the consumer health. Objectives: To evaluate the microbiological quality of the post-harvest zones of mint (Mentha piperita) in different retailers of the Antioquia east (Colombia). Methods: The work was made in five retailers of the Antioquia east, where between three and four different points of the environment were sampled for air by sedimentation, exposing Petri dishes with Ogy and nutrient agar; three or four samples in surfaces as tables, equipment and utensils were sampled for mesophilic count, using standard count agar, presence or absence of fecal coliforms with LMX broth and Salmonella spp using Salmosyst broth and Rambach agar. Additionally, samples of operator hands were taken to analyze mesophiles before and after wash hands printing their fingertips in nutrient agar and presence and absence of fecal coliforms with LMX broth. Results: From The mesophilic count in surfaces and environmental samples, 46% exceed the 100 CFU, with respect to the total coliforms the 30% of the retailers have values above than allowed, showing an inadequate implementation in cleaning and disinfecting processes although fecal coliforms Salmonella spp in surfaces were not found. The operators showed inefficient practices on handwashing due to the presence of total and fecal coliforms after wash their hands. Conclusions: The microbiological sampling, showed a hygienic deficit in the environment, surfaces and operators in the post-harvest zone of the mint producers farms, suggesting the need of strength the cleaning and disinfecting program and training in food manufacturing practices, especially on handwashing for operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]