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The aim of this article is to identify the social demand for agricultural technology in the Peruvian highlands as the basis for a horizontal communication process, specifically in the Centro Poblado de Santa Bárbara de Moro (Puno). Applying the quantitative-nonexperimental method, eighty heads of households were surveyed out to analyze the relationship of ten socioeconomic variables with the agricultural technology demands. The main activity of the productive individuals is the cattle breeding whose demands are predominant with a greater incidence in the implementation of sheds, animal health, stables and milking machines, among others. Similarly, for the development of small agriculture, the need for the acquisition of agricultural machinery and technical irrigation was evident. The marital status, the main activity and the ownership of cattle are highly associated with the 99% demand for technology (p-value <0.01), while the level of education has a significance of 95% (p-value <0.05). In conclusion, the study demonstrates the importance of the stage of identification of the demand for agricultural technology from the direct expression of the producers, as a basis for horizontal communication in agriculture, which contributes to the strengthening of agri-food activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. At the end of milking of the bovine female, the teat sphincter remains open and expanded for about 30 to 60 minutes. This time favors the entry of environmental microorganisms into the mammary gland, causing new infections and compromising the health of the cow. Objective. Bactericidal disinfectants used, such as iodine to prevent entry of microorganisms into the mammary gland after the milking routine, can easily be inactivated by contact with milk, manure, mud and urine; the nipple then remain unprotected and exposed to the entry of different microorganisms. The protective effect of artificial barrier sealant in dipping post-milking routine prevents the contact of the nipple with environmental microorganisms. Materials and method. The effect of a teat dip artificial barrier sealant was evaluated on the post;dipping in a mechanic milking routine preventing the contact between microorganisms and the nipple after the milking. Also the sealant forms a film on the nipple preventing the entry of bacteria into the udder. Two groups of animals (25 per group) were selected, a group was treated with the artificial barrier dipping in the post-milking period and in the control group was perform the normal routine process. In each group the hygienic quality was tested by Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL). Randomness, independence and normality of experimental errors, homogeneity of variance associated with the effects of variables, independence of action and variances: attached to the model assumptions were validated. There was perform descriptive statistics and ANOVA using SAS 9.0 software. Results. It was demonstrated that de use of a barrier protector decreases the amount of bacteria on the nipple surface in the moment of the milking routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Rural Development is the property of Spanish Journal of Rural Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducction. To Characterize the way milk is produced in a farm and study the factors that affect its quality. Objectives. know, identify and characterize the critical points in which microbial contamination can take place in a mechanic milking system located in the North of Antioquia. Materials and methods. Departing from a repetitive observation to the milking routine a flowchart was made, identifying three moments of the routine: The pre-milking, the milking and the post-milking. By this observation it was determined that the most possible places for contamination were the routine of washing or the contact with the milker's gloves. Samples were taken and cultivated in 3M Petrifilm™ and Bactoscan®plates for the milk samples and for the water samples the plate count for mesophiles was used. Result. The results showed that a cleaning and disinfection routine for the milking Machine is correct, but cleaning and disinfection of the nipples must be improved because they contaminate the milking cup and this, consequently, contaminate the measurers. Finally, the bacteria will fall into the cold tank. Discussion. CFU in tank, at this farm, have a media of 218.40b± 74,00, it means they are above the bonus ranks according to the 000012 resolution of January 12th, 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]