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This research compared pregnancy percentages when using frozen semen and chilled semen in a seasonal mating program with fixed term artificial insemination (AIFT) in Brahman cattle. Semen was collected from a Brahman bull with confirmed fertility, identified sperm characteristics, and complete reproductive examination. A total of 140 Brahman cows were selected and divided into two groups of 70 cows each as follows: group 1 was inseminated with frozen semen and group 2 was inseminated with refrigerated semen. The frozen semen was collected by electroejaculation, evaluating its characteristics and conserving it in liquid nitrogen for 3 months until its use in the AIFT program. The refrigerated semen was collected on the day of the AIFT program, evaluating the characteristics of the semen, diluting it and refrigerating it until its use in the AIFT. The pregnancy diagnosis was made 45 days post service by means of rectal palpation and ultrasonography, obtaining a pregnancy percentage of 41.42% with frozen semen and 60% with refrigerated semen. It was concluded that the refrigerated semen presented better semen characteristics and achieved the highest pregnancy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Evaluate the effect of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) concentration on the freezability of goat semen in a Tris-based lyophilized preservative-diluter, without performing seminal washing, compared with a control preservative-diluter of lactose-skimmed milk (DC), removing the seminal plasma by centrifugation. Materials and methods. It will cover 90 ejaculates, volume, motility, concentration, viability, and sperm morphology. The fit ejaculates were mixed and the pool divided into five portions, each receiving one of 4 lyophilized combinations based on Tris-Glucose-Ac. Citrus and Glycerol with different concentrations of BSA (0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) or DC. It was frozen in 0.1 ml pellets in nitrogen vapors, and after 2 min., They were stored in liquid nitrogen until thawing 7 days later, the following were determined: motility percentage (30, 120 and 240 minutes), viability, damaged acrosomes and total anomalies (30 and 120 minutes) and were compared using a Binary Logistic Regression model. Results. The highest sperm motility and viability (p<0.05) in the three times was for 0.5%, 1% and 2% of BSA, which were higher than 0.1% of BSA and DC. Damages acrosome and total abnormalities at 30 and 120 minutes were lower (p<0.05) for 0.5%, 1% and 2% of BSA compared to 0.1% and DC. Conclusions. The cryopreservation of goat semen does not require seminal washing by centrifugation if 0.5-2% BSA is used as a membrane protector in a lyophilized dilute-conservative based on Tris-Glucose-Citric Acid and Glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of membrane protector and thawing solution on the in vitro quality of goat semen frozen in pellets. Two hundred and fourteen ejaculates, collected twice a week by artificial vagina, were processed. The parameters volume, motility, concentration, viability, and total sperm abnormalities were evaluated. Suitable ejaculates were mixed and divided into two portions. Each received the corresponding formulation without carrying out the sperm washing by centrifugation. A non-commercial freeze-dried diluent composed of Tris-Glucose-Citric Acid and Glycerol, with different membrane protectors, egg yolk (4.45%) or BSA (5%), was used. It was frozen in vapor phase nitrogen (0.1 mL pellets), stored in liquid nitrogen for seven days. For thawing, two solutions (Tris and CIMATE) and a control (dry tube without thawing solution) were used. Percent motility (30, 120 and 240 minutes), viability and damaged acrosomes (30 and 120 minutes) were determined in incubation test. Membrane protector, thawing solution and their interactions were compared using a Binary Logistic Regression model. The combination of BSA and CIMATE presented the highest probability (P<0.05) of motility and viability at all times and the lowest probability (P<0.05) of damaged acrosomes at 30 min and 120 min. It is concluded that BSA can be used as a membrane protector for goat semen frozen in pellets in a freeze-dried Tris-based diluent, without carrying out sperm washing by centrifugation. In addition, CIMATO solution, as a thawing agent, enables better sperm cell recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prochilodus mariae is an endemic species from Orinoco River, of great ecological, cultural and economic importance, whose seminal cryopreservation protocol has not yet been established. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of use and exclusion of egg yolk in the cryopreservation diluent, on the seminal quality of P. mariae. Thus, fresh semen of five healthy and sexually mature males was diluted (1:6), packed in 0,5 mL straws, frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Two treatments were used: diluent with egg yolk (YH) and diluent without egg yolk (SYH). Motility, motility duration, morphology, plasma membrane integrity and fertility of thawed semen were evaluated, using fresh semen as control. The data were treated with descriptive and parametric statistics, with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that exclusion of egg yolk significantly improved motility and motility duration, although it did not have a statistically significant influence on plasma membrane integrity, morphological abnormality and fertility. The addition of the egg yolk to the cryopreservation diluent did not present the expected cryoprotective effect. It's necessary to evaluate different concentrations of egg yolk and its interactions with other components of the diluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The hard seed is the main cause of dormancy in most of the Leguminoseae species. Seed scarification methods, where physical damage is sought to break hard seed coat without diminishing quality, have been modified over time to make them more effective. The most commonly used seed scarification methods include heat, mechanical scarification, and freeze-thaw. Some methods for freeze-thaw scarification include ultra-low temperature immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN, -196 ° C). Objective: Determine the effectiveness use of Liquid nitrogen (LN) as a scarification method to overcome dormancy in seeds of species of the Leguminoseae family. Methodology: The physiological quality of all freshly harvested seeds was determined and scarified by direct immersion in LN for 30 minutes. Total germination was determined under laboratory conditions, as well as the time required for the seeds to reach 50% germination (T50) and the total number of seeds that remained hard at the end of the experiment. The percentage of emerged seedlings and their vegetative growth was evaluated for 21 days after sowing. Results: The seeds of all species evaluated showed a high physiological quality at the time of harvest. Scarification with LN improved germination, emergence and vegetative growth in the species Desmodium scorpiorus, Teramnus labialis, Neonotonia wigthii and Phueraria phaseoloides. Conclusions: Dormancy was effectively overcome in the seeds of the species D. scorpiorus, T. labialis, N. wigthii and P. phaseoloides. It was possible to increase the percentage and speed of germination and emergence, managing to obtain plants with greater vegetative growth during the first 21 days after sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Laelia autumnalis is an endemic orchid species from Mexico which is threatened by its habitat loss. In order to preserve this species disinfestation and adequate drying methods are necessary developed of cryopreservation and in vitro culture technics. Method: For a good long-term storage optimization the direct immersion technic in liquid nitrogen was considered in the first experiment (E1), however, asymbiotic germination was affected by the fungi Alternaria sp.; because of that, a second experiment was carried out with two assays in order to evaluate the seed viability and asymbiotic germination based on 1% (w/v) of calcium hypochlorite (CaCl2O2) and 15% (v/v) of commercial sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) as disinfection methods and using the air of laminar air-flow (A), silica gel (G) and vacuum pump (V) as drying methods before (E2) and after (E3) liquid nitrogen immersion (LN). Results: Viability was reduced in 49% and 37% by CaCl2O2 and NaClO, respectively, while A and V drying methods were caused the highest viability loss (36 and 28%), respectively. The loss of viability in E3 was lower than E2 and it was observed a stimulation by NaClO in germination (100%). Conclusion: These seeds must be disinfected with NaClO and dried using the air of laminal airflow after cryopreservation by direct immersion in order to avoid plant tissues damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 200 patients with oral leukoplakia, attended in the stomatology department of the Polyclinic of Specialties in "Saturnino Lora Torres" Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from September 2007 to the same month of 2012, in order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of liquid nitrogen in treating this condition. This coolant was used in the surgical removal of the lesion and contributed to a good regeneration of affected oral tissues in the shortest time possible. With this purpose repeated interventions of sudden cooling were applied, as well as slow and spontaneous thaws with excellent results in the members of the case material. This cryogenic substance was effective in the mucosal epithelium by its anesthetic, antimicrobial, anti-infective, healing and immunologic properties, allowing a quick and less painful cure, without risk or complication, and safe for oral tissues, which prevented the occurrence of residual scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen (LN2) is the technique used most for the preservation of canine and other domestic species semen, for long periods of time. This study was designed to validate the use of deep freezer at -80°C to freeze and store canine semen in straws. Three protocols were tested (n = 10): Control: sperm frozen in N2L and stored; Exp 1: sperm frozen and stored -80°C, and Exp.2: semen frozen at -80 °C and stored in N2L. Post-thawing was assessed by flow cytometry and the viability of plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΨΔm, JC-1), acrosome membrane integrity (PSA / FITC-PI), translocation of phosphatidylserine (Annexin-V-FITC/PI) and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL). No significant differences (P <0.05) between the Control, Exp.2 and Exp. 1 groups regarding: intact plasma membrane integrity (42.2 + 5.3, 35.57 ± 10.3 and 40.76 ± 12.1, respectively), ΨΔm m normal (54.7 ± 20.6, 44.4 ± 15.8 and 43.4 ± 15.3, respectively), intact acrosomal membrane integrity (42.9 ± 11, 1, 53.2 ± 15.8 and 48.7 ± 20.1, respectively) and fragmented DNA (0.87 ± 0.41,0.75 ± 0.16, 0.79 ± 0.27, respectively). However, the average motility of the post-thawing of Exp.1 and Exp.2 groups (37.0 ± 4.4% 36.8 ± 4.1% respectively) showed significant differences (P <0.05) than the Control group (55.9 ± 8.7%). The results obtained in this study showed that the use of deep freezer at -80°C for freezing and storing canine sperm has potential use in veterinary medicine as an alternative to the use of N2L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryosurgery is the induction of tissue necrosis by freezing with liquid nitrogen (-196°C), usually with a spray unit. In Dermatology, it is a routinely treatment in actinic keratoses and warts, but many other lesions can be treated. Sometimes it is mandatory a contact probe. Length of exposure depends on thickness of the skin lesion. In malignant tumors, a thermocouple-needle is needed to determine that the tumor is frozen at least to -25/-40°C. Quality of results depends on experience of the surgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different techniques to obtain embryonic stem cells directly through cryopreserved embryos in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), individual blastomers, ovocyte activation by nuclear transfer and stem cells from amniotic fluid, among others. It is also possible to obtain hematopoietic adult stem cells and those from the bone marrow, better well-known and used in clinics for a long time; besides, from the blood of umbilical cord in newborns and body fat in adults. The autologous fat extracted from the body using liposuction, is sometimes reused to inject or infiltrate other body and facial areas as a filling material, but in most of the cases, it is thrown away. Sometimes it's necessary to perform several surgical operations; therefore, it would be very useful to count on a bank of personalized adipose tissue. There are different studies that demonstrate that adipose tissue obtained through conventional liposuction can be preserved and stored successfully at a low temperature (-85 °C) in a tissue bank for a future use. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are those with a high capacity of proliferation and differentiation with a high therapeutic value. Fat tissue is an important reservoir of MSCs, able to be differentiated in osseous, cartilaginous, muscular, etc. tissues. Therefore, if we reserve a small amount of fat tissue obtained through liposuction, we can get the enough amount and preserve the MSCs with the best method of cryopreservation. In 2007 we carried out a study of the fat obtained though liposuction in 36 patients, in order to demonstrate and validate a method for adipose tissue acquisition, with the subsequent transfer, manipulation and cryopreservation in a stem cells bank. The results were satisfactory, and in June 2010 the method for collecting, processing and storing an enriched adult stem cells mixture of sucked fat tissue was validated. This method gives the opportunity to anybody, who did not have the chance to store the umbilical cord when was just born, to keep stem cells from liposuction fat. Cryopreservation will preserve stem cells during years and, when the patient requires them, they will be thawed, and about an 80 % of them recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cryosurgery is a technique by which various tissues are frozen and destroyed with liquid nitrogen in a controlled and predictable manner; open and close techniques are used. It is a safe procedure with good functional and cosmetic outcome, when the clinical indication is adequate and the correct technique is used. To treat lesions in oral mucous membrane, cryosurgery is an excellent technique to correct the defect; the scar is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of total phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonium lyase activity were quantified in rice varieties with different behaviour to Steneotarsonemus spinki. For this, vains were macerated with liquid nitrogen. One part of the macerate was homogenized with metanol to extract the phenolic compounds and the other one was extracted with sodium acetate 0.2 M pH 5.2 to determine the enzimatic activity. Higher values of phenolic compounds and specific activities were obtained in Reforma and LC 88-66 varieties, the best tolerant plants to the mite. The lowest phenolic concentrations and levels of activity were detected in Perla de Cuba, J 104 and IACuba 25, the most susceptible varieties. The relationship of these compounds with the defense mechanisms of the plants is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enzymatic activities of peroxidases, polyphenol oxidase, esterases, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were studied in varieties with different resistance degree to the mite Steneotarsonemus spinki. For this, the plants were infected with the mite and samples from vains were taken at different post- infection days. Vains were macerated with liquid nitrogen, proteins were extracted and samples were frozen at -20 °C for a posterior enzymatic determination. Higher values of specific activities were obtained in healthy plants of resistant variety as compared with healthy plants of susceptible one. However, at ten days of infection, the specific activity values increased in the susceptible variety because mite levels increased in these plants. The results show the possible role of these enzymes in the defense mechanisms of rice against this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonium lyase, glucanase and polyphenoloxidase activity was studied in rice varieties with different behaviours to the mite Steneotarsonemus spinki. For this propose, leaves were macerated in liquid nitrogen and enzymes were extracted with sodium acetate 0.1 M pH 5,2. Higher values of specific activities were obtained for the varieties that presented a higher tolerance behaviour against the mite. Varieties were grouped according to their susceptibility degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7-δ it was the first material superconductor on the 77 K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen [1]. In this work, we does prepare the material superconductor Yb0.6Sm0.4Ba2Cu3O7-δ by solid state reaction method, change the system superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ by means of the substitution in the position of the Yttrium for the strange lands Yterbium or Samarium in the structure Stoichiometric of the material; maintaining the composition (Yb, Sm)123, with percentages of 60 and 40 percent, respectively. The structural characterization structural characterization was realize with diffraction of Rays X (DRX), which is consistent with that reported for the system, and the critical Temperature is determined (Tc) through the resistivity measure, obtaining Tc≈101 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]