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Antisecretory drugs have been a historic medical need; hence, the first antisecretory drugs (antimuscarinic) were available in the 1950´s. But it was until the 1970´s that cimetidine, the first histamine antagonist, was launched. This marked a watershed in the history of acid peptic disease treatment. Afterwards, ranitidine was discovered in the 1980´s and it became one of the most sold drugs by 1988. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are nowadays one of the most prescribed drugs and are sold without any medical prescription, becoming one of most worldwide consumed drugs. Omeprazol was the first PPI to be commercialized in 1989, followed by lanzoprazol, rabeprazol, pantoprazole, esomeprazole and dexlanzoprazol. Their effectivity to reduce acid secretion has been associated to adverse effects like osteoporosis, iron and vitamin B12 absorption abnormalities, hypomagnesemia, acute and chronic kidney disease, dementia, acute myocardial infraction, Clostridium Difficile infection, among others. Despite this, most of them have little supporting evidence and they have only been reported in observational studies. PPIs must be used only for precise medical indications and the least minimal effective dose must be prescribed for the shortest time, in order to limit prolonged exposition and adverse effects. This review is focused on historical events, clinical uses, adverse and transcendental effects with antisecretory drugs, as well as their future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reactive gastropathy (RG) is primarily produced by non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and bile reflux. It can occur alone or coexist with other types of chronic gastritis (CG). 5,079 histopathological reports of gastric biopsies from 4,254 patients were reviewed: 825 of them had 2 to 7 follow-up studies. 12.8% of these patients were diagnosed with GR while 63.4% were diagnosed with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) and 27.3% were diagnosed with chronic multifocal atrophic gastritis (CMAG). Helicobacter pylori infections were found in 61.6% of the cases with CNAG, 51.5% with CMAG, and in 18.5% of cases with GR only (p <0.0001). Among patients suffering from both RG and CNAG 43.9% had H. pylori infections. 40.7% of those suffering from both CMAG and RG were infected with H. pylori. During monitoring of patients RG diagnoses increased to 22.2% in the second study, 26.7% in the third study, and 28.8% in the fourth through seventh studies. Histological findings of RG in these cases are probably residual following disappearance of inflammatory infiltrates due to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at relating the Helicobacter pylori infection to the findings of histological diagnoses in 213 studied patients. The presence of the bacterium was verified by fucsine staining. According to the endoscopic diagnosis, the following results were obtained: malignant gastric ulcer; 7 (3.65%); gastric cancer; 7 (3.65%); non-ulcerous dyspepsia, including chronic gastritis: 172 (89.58%). A total of 192 (90.14%) out of 213 gastric biopsies were positive to the histological diagnosis of H.pylori. The study allowed the recognition of histological alterations of the gastric mucosa related to the infection by this bacterium. The gastric cancer (mostly adenocarcinoma) was associated to the presence of H. pylori. The urgent need of continuing this type of studies with population designs and of finding solutions to the problem with more effective therapies and vaccines is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the main agent causing gastroduodenal pathologies in humans. The infection with this microorganism is efficaciously treated with a combination of two antibiotics and one anti-acid, although, the appearance of strains resisting the antibiotics used in therapies, is the principal factor conducting to therapeutic failures. By the way of the metronidazole resistance analyzes and after to be analyzed the rdxA gene, in this study, PCR amplifications and sequence analysis of the entire frxA gene with the objective to detect the mutations that tribute to the metronidazole resistance. H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of thirty seven Cuban dyspeptic patient belonging to CIMEQ hospital were analyzed. The frxA sequencing analysis rendered 11 strains (27.9 %) with mutations producing stop codons that increase the levels of minimal inhibitory concentrations, 18 strains (48.6 %) with mutations of a less contribution to metronidazole resistance, and 6 strains (16.2%) with new stop codons, not described before, that should have the same impact of the first group. The results obtained here with the frxA gene, in combination with the previous data obtained with rdxA gene, should add 3 new resistant isolates, for a total metronidazol resistance value of 56.8% that is really hight and reaffirm the necessary evaluation of the efficacy of this antibiotic in the H. pylori therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H. pylori is a Gram negative, microaerophilic, spiral bacteria, known worldwide as an important cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. The prevalence of H. pylori in third world countries varies from 70 to 90% and from a 25 to 50% in developed countries. There are multiple diagnostic methods for the detection of H. pylori including invasive and noninvasive ones. Currently the histological analysis of the biopsies taken by endoscopy (an invasive method) represents the gold standard with a sensibility and specificity of 100%. Non invasive methods have the advantages of being well accepted by the patients, less expensive and with lower risks. For these reasons we want to know the utility of non invasive methods in the diagnosis of H. pylori in pediatric patients, in comparison to invasive methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The gastric cancer (GC) is one of the principal reasons of death in Colombia, but unfortunately the majority of cases are detected in advanced conditions when the treatment options are very poor. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of environmental and genetical factors (such as nourishing habits, smoking and familiar history of gastric cancer) in patients with gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Patients and Methods. It is an observational analytical study that compares differences with regard to the consumption of food and habits related to GC in two groups of patients, one with GC (cases) and the other one with duodenal ulcer (DU) (control). Results. 90 patients with GC and 93 with DU were included. Average age of the cases with GC was 60.5 years +/-15 and with DU 57.1 +/-13.5 years (p: NS). Men with GC 57.8 vs 60.2 % women (p: NS). A positive association with the following four factors was founded: to salt a plate before trying it OR 5.56 (IC95%1.8-17.1) p = 0.01, consumption of roasted food OR 3.97 (IC95 % 2.2-7.4) p = 0001, gastric cancer history in first degree relatives OR 4.2 (IC95 % 1.7- 10.4) p: 0.001 and consumption of oven cooked food OR 5.68 (IC95%1.21 to 26.7), p 0.014. Conclusion. With these results the study concludes that it is advisable to reduce the consumption of salt in the diet, to avoid the consumption of smoked food and to make a screening in first degree relatives of patients with GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ars Medica Revista de Humanidades is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infection by Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in different digestive diseases. At present it is accepted that this microorganism is related to active chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer (gastric as well as duodenal), gastric adenocarcinoma and B-cell gastric lymphoma of the lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa (MALT lymphoma). The study included 121 patients: 53 having an endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis, 21 with peptic ulcer, 20 with duodenal ulcers, 3 adenocarcinomas of the gastric antro, 5 esophagus neoplasm, and 19 normal panendoscopies (dyspeptic). Gastroscopy was carried out on all patients and four biopsy fragments were taken from the antro and body regions of the stomach. For diagnosis and isolation of H. pylori a fast urease test was used. Gram stain and culture in brain heart agar with 10% horse serum, 0,25% yeast extract and Dent supplement (OXOID SR 147) during 7 days at 37 ºC in a jar with a microaerophyllic environment were also done. The presence of catalase and oxidase were also evaluated. An infection prevalence of 79,2% was observed in chronic gastritis patients, 100% in duodenal ulcer patients, and 90,4% in those with gastric ulcer, in agreement with the reports from other authors. In 100% of the gastric adenocarcinoma cases and 60% of the ones with esophagus neoplasm the microorganism was isolated. Isolation of H pylori in 78,9% of the endoscopic cases considered and reported as normal is a warning of the prevalence in dyspeptic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]