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Botulism is a neuroparalytic affection caused by ingestion of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram positive bacterium, anaerobic spore-forming, which are widely distributed in nature, soil and sediments of lakes and seas. It has been described seven neurotoxins (A to G); the C most commonly found in small animals. In dogs, the disease mainly occurs by ingestion of preformed toxin present in spoiled food or rotting carcasses. The neurotoxin type C cause blockage of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction, generally from hours to days after ingestion. The affected dogs have ascending flaccid paralysis of the skeletal muscles, although the sensitivity and awareness are maintained. Initial diagnosis is carried out through the history of the animal as well as clinical manifestations. The standard technique for definitive diagnosis is intraperitoneal inoculation of blood serum of suspected animals in mice. Supportive care is essential to recovery. The prognosis is good if there is no development of secondary infections or other complications. The recovery is complete after a period of 2 to 3 weeks. In more severe cases, death can occur due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. The prevention of the disease in dogs is based on restricting the consumption of spoiled food or rotting carcasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. It has also been associated with immunizations and surgeries. It is characterized by a rapidly progressive, self-limited symmetrical or asymmetrical muscle weakness. The diagnosis of GBS is based on clinical and complementary findings that include albumin-cytological dissociation in CSF and changes on electromyography. Clinical case: A three months old male infant began his current illness 3 weeks after receiving immunization schedule (DPT, HiB, HPV, VPO), with fever of 38.5 ° C, followed by loss of muscle strength in left lower limb. Neurological examination: left leg: muscle strength: 0 / V, patellar reflex: 0/II aquilian reflex: I / II, conserved sensitivity. Diagnosis of post-vaccination GBS was raised, special studies are requested and treatment was begun with immunoglobulin G. In this case, an asymmetric presentation is described. Though less common, other cases have been described with markedly asymmetry which does not exclude the diagnosis. This disease was diagnosed in a three months male infant, and according to the literature, the younger the patient is, the more difficult is the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]