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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The World Health Organization (WHO) began to receive reports of mpox (monkeypox) cases from non-endemic countries in 2022. In Peru, the number of cases increased to the point where it ranked among the top 10 countries in the world with the most confirmed cases. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of mpox treated at a hospital in Lima from July to December 2022. A total of 124 cases were confirmed with molecular testing. The mean age was 34 years. The vast majority of reported mpox cases have been among males, men who have sex with men, homosexuals and people with HIV. Moreover, the majority of people with HIV were receiving antiretroviral treatment at the time of diagnosis. The exanthem prevailed as a clinical manifestation, followed by fever, headache and chills. The most common skin lesion was crust/scab (83.06 %) and most patients (98.39 %) did not require hospitalization. No deaths were reported in this study. It is necessary to educate the population in preventive actions, especially aimed at the most affected individuals. Additionally, eliminating stigmas will contribute to its early detection and control of the disease in future outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria is the property of LUA Ediciones 3.0 S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Drug Reaction Syndrome with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is an adverse drug reaction, being life-threatening in 10% of cases. CLINICAL CASE: 15-year-old male patient attended the pediatric emergency department with a clinical history of morbilliform and pruritic exanthema on the face and neck of 9 days of evolution, extending to the thorax and extremities, accompanied by fever of 38.0°C of 1 day of evolution. The patient had a history of atopy and acne vulgaris, treated with minocycline. On admission the hemogram showed leukocytes 16,900 cells/ml, eosinophils 18.2%, neutrophils 6.2%. Blood chemistry revealed: creatinine 1.92 mg/dl, TSGO 45 U/L, TSGP 287 U/L, CRP: 62.8 mg/L and ESR 21 mm/h. It was decided to admit him to the pediatric intensive care unit, since he complies with 7 RegiSCAR points. CONCLUSION: DRESS syndrome is a severe and potentially fatal reaction; its diagnosis is a challenge due to its heterogeneity and clinical variability. It should be taken into consideration after a detailed interrogation that yields the use of suspicious drugs prior to the onset of symptoms, even though its incidence has not been fully described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hospital a Domicilio is the property of Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigacion en Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: DRESS syndrome is a severe adverse reaction to a drug, which can cause multiorgan involvement when it is associated with the ingestion of allopurinol, which is a drug used in clinical practice for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, with a mortality rate of 10%. CLINICAL CASE: A 76-year-old female patient who, after taking allopurinol due to hyperuricemia, showed bumby, red, over raised, pruritic lesion on the body and the face. In addition, in the following 24 hours, she also presented edema and desquamation mainly in the face. With the help of complementary tests, such as leukocytosis with eosinophilia, we observed a deterioration of her renal function. However, after the suspension of the drug and the administration of corticosteroids patient improved. CONCLUSIONS: DRESS syndrome has a high risk of lethality; therefore, it is extremely important that physicians take the right steps such as the rapid suspension of drugs as well as therapeutic measurements to help minimize the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infection caused by Coxsackie virus; it is characterized by ulcers on the oral mucosa, and rash on the hands and feet. The infection occurs sporadically. HFMD predominantly occurs in pediatric population and in the form of outbreaks, during the spring and summer months. The incubation period is 4-6 days. It is generally a self-limiting condition, without sequelae. This review article presents the epidemiological, clinical, treatment and prognosis data of patients with HFMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema multiforme (EM) also known as polymorph erythema is an acute skin disease of immunological nature with or without mucous membrane involvement, which may behave as chronic recurrent. It presents with distinctive targets like skin lesions, often together with ulcers or bullae in mucous membranes (oral, genital or ocular). Among its clinical forms are: a minor form characterized by a mild skin syndrome and its major form that manifests as a skin disease with marked mucosal damage. Among its main differential diagnoses are Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Lyell Syndrome (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEC)). It has an estimated incidence < 1%, with its major form being slightly more frequent than its minor form (0. 8-6 per million/year). It can occur at any age, presenting a peak incidence at the age between 20 and 30 years, with a slight predominance of males with a 3:2 ratio, without racial predilection. Its presentation in pediatric age is rare, even more so in early childhood. Minor recurrent EM is more common in this population. This paper reports a case of EM in the pediatric population as a rare form of exanthematic presentation, addressed at the Department of Pediatrics of the Complejo Asistencial Victor Rios Ruiz (CAVRR) in the city of Los Angeles, Chile this year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica de Rosario is the property of Circulo Medico de Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: DRESS syndrome (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is associated with exposure to certain drugs. It is potentially fatal (20%), with significant dermatological manifestations and visceral involvement. The main treatment is the immediate withdrawal of the suspected drug, as well as the use of systemic corticosteroids. CLINICAL CASE: A 61-year-old female patient, who, after two weeks of ampicillin consumption, presented a generalized morbilliform skin rash, non-involving soles and palms, and also itchy and painful symmetrical erythematous plaques with lamellar scaling on the face and edema of lips and oral mucosa. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis with eosinophilia and lymphocytosis as well as impaired kidney and liver function. The histopathological study described hyperkeratosis, spongiosis, and inflammatory infiltrates in the superficial dermis. CONCLUSIONS: DRESS syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal drug reaction, which should be suspected in the presence of a morbilliform rash, fever, hypereosinophilia, as well as visceral involvement, to establish a timely diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications such as multi-organ failure, as well as mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome, also known as DIHS (drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome), is an adverse and severe drug reaction. It has an estimated incidence of 1 case per 10,000 exposures to anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine. The pathogenesis is considered type IVb hypersensitivity reaction triggered by the exposure of the related drug. The clinical presentation is characterized by fever, widespread skin lesions, internal organ compromise, a prolonged latent period and clinical course, and by a possible sequential reactivation of various human herpesvirus (HHV). The diagnosis of DRESS and DIHS is based on criteria established by the European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (RegiSCAR) and by the Japanese Research Committee on Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (J-SCAR), respectively. Generally, the histopathological characteristics are not specific, as they are described as spongiotic dermatitis and drug reaction that commonly has eosinophils and apoptotic keratinocytes. Initial management requires the identification and prompt withdrawal of the related drug, besides support measures; nevertheless, corticosteroids are the mainstay treatment. The estimated mortality is 10%, primarily due to hepatic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histiocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) in different tissues. They are infrequent entities, predominantly occurring in childhood, with variable severity. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a reactive process of unknown etiology with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and variable prognosis determined by the age of onset and organ involvement. We present the case of a term newborn with no relevant family or obstetric history, who presented generalized skin lesions with palmoplantar involvement in the oral cavity from birth. A skin biopsy was performed, with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings compatible with the diagnosis of congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Due to being a unisystemic disease, with skin involvement and special site involvement of the hard palate, according to the classification of the Histiocytosis Society, it was considered a candidate for management with chemotherapy by the HCL-INC-2012 protocol, based on vinblastine and prednisolone. The patient completed the first cycle of the initial treatment, with complete remission of the skin lesions and oral cavity, without compromise of other organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents multisystemic involvement and up to 20% of the cases can show dermatological signs. A narrative review of the literature on the main mucocutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection was conducted to describe the pathophysiological mechanisms and to classify the lesions into maculopapular, urticarial, vesicular bullous, pernio-like, necrotic livedo, vasculitic, with involvement of the hair follicle, ungular or oral. Additionally, the main clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics and treatments were introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Since the first reports in November 2019, coronavirus 2 has represented a priority health problem causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and other extrapulmonary manifestations, originating a pandemic with millions of deaths. Therefore, vaccines represent the most effective means of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Skin reactions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have been observed. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the morphology of the cutaneous manifestations and to carry out a review on the current recommendations for their management. CLINICAL CASE: Case 1: A 25-year-old male patient who presented a morbilliform rash after the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, which remitted without sequelae at 24 hours. Case 2: A 65-year-old female patient with erythema at the puncture site 10 days after the first dose of the Modern vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with complete remission on the 4th day after its onset. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the dermatological manifestations to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were identified as mimicking the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. As the administration of vaccines increases, it is essential to recognize and understand their adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of skin manifestations in a period of 3 months after COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective and longitudinal study done from October 1st to November 30th, 2020, in which patients older than 18 years, recovered from COVID-19, were evaluated from day 14 to day 90 after the infectious process. RESULTS: There were included 204 patients (113 women and 91 men); 51% of patients developed symptoms and hair loss was the most frequent of them, followed by itching and xerosis. Telogen effluvium was the most frequent diagnosis (29.4%), with a mean disease onset of 39.15 days; 11.6% developed rash, the most common was the morbilliform and papulosquamous rash. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent form of cutaneous affection in postinfectious period of COVID-19 is telogen effluvium; however, it is possible to find other manifestations, such as xerosis cutis and rash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis that presents in childhood. It is usually an acute, febrile, self-limited disease of unknown etiology and may develop cardiovascular alterations; its clinical expression is variable as it presents inflammation of medium caliber vessels and multiple tissues: pulmonary, meningeal, cardiac, urinary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological or lymphatic. Diagnosis is clinical, and treatment aims to reduce the duration of clinical symptoms and prevent the presence of coronary aneurysms. Objective: to describe the clinical case of an infant patient with KD, in which clinical criteria characteristic of this pathology were identified. Case report: a 22-month-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room with a 14-day evolutionary clinical picture consisting of fever, emetic episodes, abdominal pain, unresponsive to acetaminophen, and diarrheal episodes. Two days later, he manifested generalized exanthema in the inguinal region that spread to the right testicle, back, and thorax. Subsequently, he presented bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis for three days. He received treatment with topical steroids and oral antihistamines; partial improvement with subsequent evolution in right testicular edema and bilateral desquamation in hands and feet. KD was suspected, a transthoracic echocardiogram was sent without coronary aneurysmal dilatations, and treatment with ASA was started without indication, given the evolution of immunoglobulin. Conclusions: KD is infrequent in childhood and should be suspected in patients with prolonged febrile symptoms unresponsive to conventional treatments and in whom the presence of other pathologies is ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare but highly lethal drug hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, it requires an early diagnosis and timely management. We present the case of a 32-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of epilepsy and organic schizophreniform disorder, secondary to viral encephalitis, who was treated with multiple drugs. Three weeks after the addition of extended-release carbamazepine to her usual therapy, the patient presented a diffuse welt-type skin rash, facial edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with eosinophilia and elevated transaminases. Carbamazepine administration was discontinued, antihistamines and glucocorticoids were administered orally, and the patient showed a remarkable improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. En el embarazo, las dermatosis afectan a menos del 20% de las gestantes y representan un grupo heterogéneo de afecciones cutáneas, con una forma variada de presentación y evolución. El objetivo es presentar un caso de erupción polimorfa de inicio durante el puerperio, con una breve revisión de la literatura en torno a la patología y su tratamiento Reporte de caso. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 38 años en puerperio de su primera gestación, quien debutó con un cuadro clínico de erupción cutánea y prurito que inició en la zona abdominal y se extendió hacia los miembros inferiores. Las lesiones estaban constituidas por pápulas eritematosas que confluían hasta formar placas. Se diagnosticó con erupción polimorfa del embarazo y se dio manejo con antihistamínicos logrando la resolución de la patología Discusión. La erupción polimórfica del embarazo es un trastorno inflamatorio benigno de la piel. Inicia con la aparición de pápulas pruriginosas que confluyen hasta formar placas eritematosas, que aparecen primero en el abdomen con excepción de la zona umbilical y parten, generalmente, de las estrías y se diseminan a las extremidades. El tratamiento consiste en la utilización de emolientes y antihistamínicos para el control de las lesiones y el prurito Conclusiones. Aunque se trata de una patología benigna y autolimitada, es importante llegar al diagnóstico correcto e iniciar un manejo médico adecuado ya que síntomas como el prurito pueden generar lesiones por rascado que suelen infectarse y comprometer el estado de salud de las pacientes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report of a 9 months of age infant assisted in the emergency room of "José Martí" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba is presented, due to exanthematic and erythematous lesions in the skin, with bladders around the mouth, as well as in hands, legs and both feet, besides fever. The mouth, hand and foot disease was diagnosed, keeping in mind the clinic and the increment of this disorder transmitted by the Coxsackie virus in the municipality, reason why he was admitted at home, with medical supervision and followed by the family nurse and physician who indicated the measures for the health control that should be known and applied in the family to decrease the risk of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the cases admitted by Varicella to the Municipal Hospital of the Child Mario Ortiz Suarez (HMNMOS) and to analyze the frequency of the complications presented during the year 2016 from January 1st to December 31st. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study, about cases of varicella at the Municipal Hospital of the Child Mario Ortiz Suarez during 2016 from January 1st to December 31st, were quantified and analyzed. Results: A total of 683 patients minors 12 years of age with diagnosis of varicella were registered, who presented complications such as cutaneous superinfection, neurological alterations, pneumonias and others, being more affected between 2 and 5 years old. Conclusions: The complications of varicella can lead to serious clinical symptoms and neurological sequelae. This situation can be avoided with vaccination, taking into account that since its introduction, the incidence has decreased over the years. However, this vaccine is not included in the Expanded Immunization Program (PAI), so its implementation as prophylaxis in adolescents who not been infected is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot, hand and mouth disease is a highly contagious disease, caused by the A16 Coxsackie virus and 71 enterovirus. The transmission occurs by the direct contact with nasal and oral secretions or fecal material and sprayed drops, in an oral fecal or fecal oral route and through contaminated objects. A case of a 4 year old patient came to the dental office due to the presence of painful blisters in the oral mucosa which made his feeding difficult. In addition he had a rash in hands and feet. After prescribing dental treatment he was referred to the pediatrician of his health area who conclude the diagnosis of foot, hand and mouth disease. The oral component is generally the main symptom and the chief complaint, however, its almost unknown in its oral profile. That is the reason for the interest of this presentation because knowing its physiopathology and the clinical characteristics of the presentation allows differential diagnosis and clinically suspect the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a hypersensitivity reaction associated with a variety of drugs, mainly anticonvulsants, which is characterized by systemic symptoms and erythematous lesions, common to other toxicodermas. It is an uncommon clinical entity that requires a high suspicion by clinical staff given its varied initial presentation, and the fact that symptoms can overlap with those of other adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. Without early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, mortality increases. We report the case of a 22-year-old patient with impaired neurodevelopment who received treatment with carbamazepine. Two months later he presented with general symptoms and skin erythematous lesions that began on his trunk. The patient received outpatient care with antihistamines and antipyretics without an appropriate response. His case progressed with increased skin lesions and systemic symptoms that met the diagnostic criteria for DRESS syndrome. He was hospitalized and received medical treatment according to recommended guidelines. The patient's condition improved as his symptoms and associated complications resolved. He was discharged with gradual clearing of the steroid therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an exanthematous viral disease caused mainly by Coxsackie A16 with a typical symptomatology of fever, papulovesicular rash on the hands, feet, and genitals, and an ulcerous enanthem in the mouth. In the summer of 2016, a variety of cases presented at a hospital in Callao in children and adults with a symptomatology consistent with HFMD. A clinical diagnosis was made, and support therapy was applied, resulting in the resolution of symptoms. In the last decade, reports have emerged in some countries of an atypical involvement caused by Coxsackie A6, producing lesions that are more widely distributed in adults. However, the diagnosis remains clinical, only requiring virological confirmation in atypical cases or when the diagnosis is unclear. The importance of this report stems from its description of the cases in Callao that occurred in the summer of 2016 and serve as an example for health professionals in the diagnosis and management of patients with similar symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Zika virus was introduced to the country and threatens to spread, so the health personnel must be able to identify the disease and face an operational definition given case; in this review the clinical manifestations of probable cases of Zika of the last five years were described. Methods: A search was performed in Google Scholar and PubMed with "Zika". He settled for a database and obtained simple frequencies and calculated the limits for proportions with an alpha of 0.05 through test Wilson. Results: 109 probable cases of fever came together by Zika, the clinical manifestations was heterogeneous, with predominant involvement to musculoskeletal, dermatological and systemic level. Conclusions: It is necessary to continue the documentation of the clinical manifestations of Zika virus, which will be achieved by strengthening epidemiological surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Three imported cases of measles were detected in 2011, so the issue of surveillance with epidemiological alerts intensified. The aim of this article is to describe the phenomenon of intensified surveillance of febrile rash illness before the import of confirmed measles in the country at the Mexican Institute of Social Security cases. Methods: The cases of epidemiological surveillance system 2011 were obtained was compared with the prior year It was determined t-Student mean difference and Wilson test for proportions, both with an alpha value of 0.05. Results: 2786 cases of febrile rash illness were reported, 51.2 % more cases than the previous year were reported in 2011, the number of reported cases in relation to the expected increase in 29 of the 35 Delegations, an increase in the average number of cases reported from week 26. 67.4 % of reported cases are concentrated in children under 5 years of age. The average days to collect laboratory sample improved after issuing alerts from 3.4 to 2.6 days (p < 0.000000559). Conclusions: A significant increase in reported cases of febrile rash illness compared with the prior year was appreciated. The Institute has a surveillance system for robust and febrile rash illness, which has identified risks to the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pityriasis rosea is an acute disseminated rash of unknown etiology and prolonged duration, characterized by erythematous-squamous plaques. Despite having an ostentatious clinical picture for both the patient and family, it is self-limited and usually resolves without sequelae. Pityriasis rosea is often erroneously diagnosed as mycosis and given unnecessary treatment. Objective: To describe the clinical and demographical features of pity-riasis rosea in a group of Mexican pediatric patients. Patients and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study in which the clinical and demographic features of patients attended at the department of dermatology of the National Institute of Pediatrics with diagnosis of pityriasis rosea within a ten year period were analysed. Results: Thirty patients with pityriasis rosea, with a frequency of 3.6 per 1 000 dermatological patients. Pityriasis rosea was more frequent in females with a ratio of 1.5 to 1 and a mean age of 10 years. More than half of the patients (56%) had an atypical presentation, and biopsy was mandatory in 7 patients to establish the final diagnosis. Conclusions: The knowledge of the clinical features of pityriasis rosea by primary care physicians will prevent from unnecessary work-up and treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exanthem is an abrupt onset rash, which is associated with a systemic disease. Some exanthems share clinical characteristics with scarlet fever. We consider important to identify their differences as few can be life-threatening. This review takes into consideration the differential diagnosis of scarlet fever such as, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome and Kawasaki disease in order to make an opportune diagnostic and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranitidine is a drug, which seldom causes adverse reactions, nevertheless, allergic reactions have been described varying in type and intensity after its administration. In contrast to other drugs, there are not many validated and standardized diagnostic tests in order to demonstrate this drug produces an allergic reaction. In this article we present a 9-months-old girl with a ranitidine allergic reaction with the diagnosis established by a non-intentional challenge test. We also provide information from the National Drug Surveillance Center in Mexico concerning ranitidine adverse drug reactions (including allergic reactions) in a 10-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous reactions to drugs are a common and important complication in medical practice where the dermatologist plays a key role. So far, in Medellin, Colombia, there are no studies or any publications about the behavior of drug eruptions. Objective: The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of drug eruptions were described in hospitalized patients at the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Methods: An observational descriptive retro-prospective study was carried out in patients hospitalized in the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe who showed skin reactions to drugs in the period from January 1st, 2007, to November 15, 2009. Results: The study included 169 patients (52.7% male and 47.3% women). The age range of presentation of skin reactions to drugs were recorded from 8 months to 97 years old, with a mean of 38.5±24.7 years old. Antibiotics were responsible for more than half of the cases (54.4%), followed by analgesics (22.5%), anticonvulsants (8.9%) and others 8.9%. In 66.3% of patients, a single drug was identified as the causative agent. The most commonly encountered clinical patterns were macula-papular rash (76.3%) and urticaria (13.6%). The average body surface area involved was 47.07% ± 25.9. The most affected body area was the anterior chest in 76.3%, followed by the upper limbs in 70.4%, 68.6% lower limbs and back 60.9%. The face and neck were less affect, with 39.1% and 26%, respectively. Conclusion: This observational study showed a behavior of skin reactions to drugs in hospitalized patients of Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe very similar to that reported in other countries supported by the clinical presentation type rash, most commonly in the thorax and limbs, and for being the most frequent causative agent antibiotics and analgesics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scarlet fever is a disease that still exist. Since it is basically clinically diagnosed, there will always be some doubt about its correct diagnosis and when to practice complementary explorations. Objective: To know the current reality of scarlet fever cases. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of children diagnosed of scarlet fever. Cases discharged with diagnosis of scarlet fever by the pediatric emergency department from a general hospital of Barcelona, Spain, were collected between 2006-2008. Results: 151 cases were diagnosed. 47 aged under 3 years. Characteristic exanthema was described in 142 cases. Tonsillitis existed in 134 cases, red strawberry tongue in 26 and white in 11. Some accompanying symptoms were: odynophagia, vomiting or pruritus. Diagnosis was confirmed by pharyngeal frotis in 118 cases. The majority was treated with amoxicillin and penicillin and just 6 with a different antibiotic. Conclusion: Of particular note were: detection in subjects under 3 years of age, variety in exanthema, predominant prescription of amoxicillin and penicillin and lower number of cases in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male 20 years old, treated with penicillin, ceftriaxone and azithromicyn in an institution of medium complexity by presenting generalized maculopapular rush and oral and genital ulcers associated with severe sore throat is presented. He was send to the medical clinic service, who perform the interconsultation dermatology service by skin lesions and mucous membranes, getting to the diagnosis of acute Retroviral Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very young infants (under six months) with fever symptoms without other associated symptoms, or with palmo-plantar erythematous rash and without analytical leukocytosis (especially during spring and summer), may have a parechovirus type 3 infection. In these cases, polymerase chain reaction from cerebrospinal fluid, feces, respiratory secretions, serum or urine could identify the etiologic agent. With this it is possible to avoid prolonged hospitalizations and unnecessary treatments. The case of a small infant treated at the "Doctor Peset" University hospital is presented due to fever, irritability and suspected sepsis. This case shows the importance of considering parechovirus infections, which are relatively frequent in children under three years of age, gaining special importance in newborns, due to the possible serious complications with which they may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case, young man, with picture of fever, exanthema and organic failure, in Mexicali's city, Baja California, in whom diagnostic posmortem infection for Ricketsia ricketsii, being this one of several cases presented in this community, in the middle of an outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]