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In the open dihedral angle between the periphery of the humeral condyle and the perimeter of the radial dome, at the height of the articular interline of the elbow, there is the so-called humeroradial labrum, a structure that has been considered, alternatively, a rudimentary meniscus and a strip. synovium. The objective of this work is to determine the true morphology of this structure or the existence of multiple possible arrangements. Twenty-seven (n=27) elbows were dissected, without taking into account sex or age, fixed by immersion in a 10% formaldehyde solution, fourteen (n=14) corresponding to the right side and thirteen (n=13) to the left. In all preparations, the joint capsule was sectioned to expose its internal surface along with any structure that protruded from it into the joint cavity. On the other hand, samples were taken from the cadaveric preparations and were histologically processed with a Minot-type microtome (Leica) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and then observed and photographed with a Zeiss Axio-phot optical microscope. The findings were classified into the following morphological patterns: simple stripe (n=10; 37%); double stripe (n=1; 3.7%); stripe with villi (n=10; 37%); isolated meniscus (n=2; 7.4%); meniscus associated with stripe with villi (n=1; 3.7%); meniscus associated with simple stripe (n=2; 7.4%); upper fibers of the annular ligament of the radius (n=1 3.7%). In conclusion, the name "sickle labrum" is incorrect since in no case does it correspond to a labrum, but rather it seems to correspond to one of three arrangements: a simple synovial strip, which may in turn present villi or be duplicated; a small meniscus; or a slight shortening of the upper fibers of the annular ligament of the radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: fractures of the distal end of the humerus are treated conservatively or surgically. Other methods used are primary arthroplasty and external fixation. Patient information: 75-year-old male patient presented to the On-Call Corps with pain and enlargement of the left elbow after a fall from his bicycle. It was decided to take him to the emergency operating room to perform toilette and debridement of the wound and the grading was done. Conclusions: fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly are a challenge for the specialist in orthopedic surgery due to the complexity of the injury and the characteristics of age, among which osteoporosis stands out. External fixation in this group of patients is very useful and offers favorable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within our work environments there are many dangers and risks to our health, since millions of injuries related to non-fatal work occur annually, this study seeks to determine the association of Ergonomic Risk with musculoskeletal discomfort in remote work. In total there were 91 teachers who were evaluated using the pink and Nordic ergonomic method. The results show a statistically significant association, also in relation to the musculoskeletal discomfort of all the teachers evaluated, 61.5% have neck discomfort, 51.6% in the shoulder, 49.5% in the dorsal threshold, 53.8% elbow forearm, 74.7% hand wrist In the last month, on the other hand, in terms of the ergonomic evaluation by the Rosa method in chair and screen, there are teachers who are affected in all the aspects evaluated, placing themselves at a very high level of risk (53.8%), high level (44%) and low level (2.2%), which means that it is necessary to intervene to prevent health problems; Within this framework, it is concluded that there is musculoskeletal discomfort in 53 teachers and ergonomic risks in 49 teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparison of surveys presents recurring methodological problems, among which the following stand out particularly: i) the difficulties associated with the change of the questions, either due to the addition of new ones, changing in the mode that are asked, or the elimination of others; ii) the own difficulties selecting the variables to be compared; iii) the need for recoding between mismatched surveys, and iv) the different measurement scales of the variables. Thus, in order to carry on research in quantitative methods, procedures are required to allow for the factorial structure, to compare variables, and to recode the measurement and the scale, all of them in different periods. To evaluate the extent to which the factorial structure is maintained, this work proposes measures of goodness of fit, attached to the confirmatory factorial analysis, where we can find also an original interpretation of the parsimony principle with the RMSEA, FIT and BIC, through the well-known elbow rule in the scree plot. The methodological proposal is validated through two publications, from different years, of the Sociological Research Center (CIS, by its Spanish acronym) and focused on the phenomenon of fiscal fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the game of volleyball, the technique to execute the serve gesture is essential to be able to hit the ball properly and thus score points against the opposing team. However, this gesture is not always carried out in an efficient biomechanical way, which generates bad shots to the ball and a disadvantage in the game. Therefore, the biokinematics of the technical-sports gesture of some players (experts in jump serve) of the volleyball team of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Boyacá - Colombia), was studied and evaluated, using the videometry technique, with the objective of determining (qualitatively and quantitatively) trajectories, speeds, accelerations, and joint angles of joints such as: wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle of the athletes executing the jump serve gestures, with which they were designed and implemented corrective interventions of the athletes’ movement in the jump serve gesture to generate a more efficient and ergonomic stroke during the serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM is the property of Ediciones Universidad Catolica del Maule and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Miscelanea Comillas is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The elbow is a topographical region located in the upper limb following the arm, on pediatrics patients it is common place of fractures of different kinds. This region also has numerous major nerve and vascular structures, commonly damaged during trauma in this area. In this work we first present the normal anterior and posterior anatomy of the region, and then leave under exposure the different supracondylar fractures possible according to the position of the arm at the time of the trauma, their classification according to the type of direction of the distal fragment and degree of displacement. In addition, it is emphasized that possible structures can be damaged in each fracture and the importance of a collateral circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, evidence-based medicine has generated the need to quantify any movement, objectively. Today, thanks to the development of electronics and computing, new techniques have been developed, such as approaching biomechanical studies. One of them is 3D photogrammetry. In this way, the present work aims to evaluate the technical launch gesture with atlatl, through a biomechanical analysis using the 3D Photogrammetry tool and the bioinformatics application: Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS 2000 3D), in order to infer in this way Musculoskeletal Stress Markers involved in it. The results show that the sites subjected to the greatest stresses are those related to shoulder acceleration, and therefore this joint is the most compromised, which is consistent with similar findings in certain related sports and the pathology associated with throwing. Therefore, we disagree with the term «Elbow of Atlatl» that is still used by many anthropologists. It is suggested to be more cautious when interpreting the activity patterns related to this technical gesture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radial recurrent artery originates at the proximal end of the radial artery and from there ascends obliquely to anastomosing with the radial collateral artery. It gives off several branches for nearby muscles on its path. This artery along with its branches were described (due to its importance in surgical approaches) by Arnold K. Henry as "the radial leash". Currently, in clinical terms, the name "Leash of Henry" is used to refer to one or more muscular branches of the radial recurrent artery, especially when they are in relation to the deep branch of the radial nerve, and may cause compression of the nerve in some cases. A case description of an atypical Leash of Henry was found, found in a Chilean, male cadaveric sample of the anatomy laboratory, Universidad Católica del Maule. The artery corresponds to the branch of greater caliber of the recurrent radial artery, which goes directly to the extensor digitorum muscle. It draws a horizontal path and crosses the deep branch of the radial nerve anteriorly. This finding differs from what was described by Henry and other more recent authors. Therefore, this is potentially useful information when performing surgical procedures that require a posterior or lateral approach to the radius head, as well as radial nerve decompressions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fractures of the distal humerus represent 70% of fractures in children under 12 years. It is necessary to have knowledge about this type of injury, the therapeutic alternatives, and the possible complications. Objective: To assess the functional results of the AO fixation technique in the management of humeral supracondylar fractures in pediatric patients. Material and methods: Patients admitted to the pediatric orthopedics service were surgically treated by external fixation AO method, from July 1 to December 31, 2018. The data were obtained by monitoring from admission of patients until discharge from the outpatient clinic performing the functional clinical evaluation using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score to evaluate the function of the elbow. Results: We included 5 patients with humeral supracondylar fracture treated by external fixation AO method, with an average age of 6 years. Of the 5 cases, 3 (60%) suffered the right upper limb injury and 2 (40%) the upper left limb, 1 patient (20%) had partial radial nerve injury. The score obtained on the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 80 points on average. Conclusions: The functional result of the treatment of humeral supracondylar fractures by means of AO external fixation technique, shows good results, positioning it as an alternative therapeutic treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supracondylar are the most common fractures in the elbow joint during childhood with a peak between the ages five to seven. Besides, they are the second most common type of fracture in the pediatric population in general. The typical cause of the injury is the patient falling from their own height on the palm of the hand with the elbow in hyperextension. The diagnosis is based on the clinical suspicion according to the injury mechanism and the age of the patient, in addition to a standard elbow X-ray from two views. The Gartland classification is the most used instrument to establish the severity of the fracture and to guide the treatment, which can be orthopedic in non-displaced fracture, whereas the method of choice for correction of displaced fractures is closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. The most common complication is the neuropraxia of the median nerve. Others are the brachial artery injury, compartment syndrome, Volkamm ischemic contracture, sliding of the pins and ulna varus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - UPTC is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elbow dysplasia (ED) is a general term used to name a polygenic hereditary disease in dogs. Three bones are involved humerus, ulna and radius creating three articulations: humeroradial, humeroulnar, and radioulnar. Four processes characterize the disease, either independently or combined: I) fracture in the medial coronoid process; II) osteochondritis dissecans of the humerus condyle; III) ununited anconeal process; and IV) radius-ulna incongruence. To contribute to a better understanding of the disease, this work enquires whether the elbow joint functional mechanics is associated with the ED. To do so and using the I-DEAS 9.0 and ABAQUS 6.3 software that engineers use for calculating the effort distribution and delivery in grid structures a joint 3D model was designed based on computer-aided tomography. This way accurate information has been obtained about the distribution of the forces acting in the elbow articular surface, both when holding the animal weight loads and after a selective muscle action. This biomechanic model has enabled to find different associations between the ED injured areas and the articular regions making the greater mechanic efforts. Likewise, it allows focusing the radiological exploration of animals with potential DE and designing therapeutic habits for the trauma treatment. All this may be the starting point for studying other more complex epidemiological and biomechanic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Distal humeral fractures in the elderly patient are a therapeutic challenge for orthopaedists, because of age's characteristic physiological conditions and bone changes. Case report: We present the case of an 80-year-old woman with osteopenia, who had distal humeral fracture due to a fall from her own height; she was initially treated conservatively, but by the reason of a non-union, we decided to perform a total elbow arthroplasty, achieving a positive functional result in the four years of postoperative follow-up. Discussion: Nonsurgical management is an option for treat humeral fractures in patients with low functional demands or in poor general condition. If the patient does not present the conditions above, or if nonsurgical management fails, a total elbow arthroplasty must be performed, because this method provides a rapid recovering if compared to an open reduction and osteosynthesis material management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Congenital dislocation of the Radial head is a condition that has been described in a few cases in the international literature, the anterior and lateral dislocation were the less frequent forms of presentation with 15% of cases, each, and the posterior dislocation the most frequent with 70% of the total cases reported. However, this pathology is considered the most frequent congenital pathology of the elbow in children. The present study describes the case of a patient with congenital dislocation of elbow anterior variety and another case with dislocation lateral variety, both diagnosed at an early age, in which it has been decided for conservative management and an annual follow-up. A bibliographic review of the subject is also carried out. Discussion: The congenital elbow dislocation usually has a benign evolution, being painless and not very limiting for the patient, so it can be managed conservatively. Pain and limited movement are indicative of surgical treatment. There are multiple surgical treatments for this entity, however they are not widely accepted due to the complications and poor results presented by them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study is to assess the type, frequency and severity of complications after the implantation of the modular monopolar radial head prosthesis. Material and methods: Forty-seven patients with 48 radial head prostheses implanted between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were evaluated clinical and radiographically for a mean follow-up of 43.55 months (range: 1289). Results: The same type of prosthesis was implanted in every patient (Ascension Modular Radial Head). The average score in the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 88.29 ± 9.9 points. During the follow-up, three patients (6.25%) suffered from continuous pain. Twelve cases (25.5%) showed radiological oversizing, though only five were symptomatic. Heterotopic ossification was detected in twenty-seven cases (57.4%). Eleven patients (23.4%) developed postoperative stiffness. Nineteen cases (40.42%) showed periprosthetic osteolysis, from which seven were symptomatic. Thirteen patients (27%) developed surgery-related complications: three cases of infection, four cases of symptomatic loosening, two neurapraxies, one instability and three cases of oversizing with associated stiffness. Nine patients (18.75%) required reintervention. Discussion: Our study obtains a 27% of overall complications, mostly related to oversizing and prosthetic loosening, and 19% of reinterventions. These results are similar to those presented in previous studies, with variations depending on the time of follow-up. Further research is also required to evaluate long-term results and the potential progression of the radiographic findings. Conclusion: Taken together, these data stress the need for improvement in both the surgical technique and the design of the implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the outcome of arthroscopic release in three patients with chronical lateral epicondylitis. Material and methods: Arthroscopic release in three patients with lateral epicondylitis is performed. Mayo Clinic scale for evaluation of results is used. A review and discussion of the literature is made. Results: Three patients, two female and one male, the common activities was principal labors, not athletes. Patients had significant pain. It was the principal symptom that affect the score of the rating scale. These scores improved after surgery. It was achieved early return to normal daily activities. No neurological complications were reported. Discussion: Arthroscopic treatment was an alternative safe and effective for treating chronical lateral epicondilitis in this three cases. It allows simultaneous joint exploration for diagnostic purposes and to treat associated pathologies. Broader Series and studies are necessary in order to establish definitive protocols in our cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of 3C TIC is the property of Area de Innovacion y Desarrollo, SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Open «arthrolysis» has been the standard treatment for elbow stiffness, with good results. However, the associated complications of open arthrolysis and the advancements in arthroscopic surgery have allowed including the latter as an additional approach. Material and methods: Between January 2014 and March 2016, 6 patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness underwent arthroscopic surgery by the same surgical team. Pre- and post-operative assessment included pain with a numerical visual analogue scale, elbow joint range of motion with a goniometer and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index questionnaire. Results: Mean patient follow-up was 14.5 months. The mean VAS score decreased from 4.5 to 0.3. The mean elbow range of motion increased from 55.3o to 130o, with a mean gain of 75o. The mean MEPI questionnaire score went from 46.6 to 95, with a mean gain of 48.4 points. The procedures associated with arthroscopic «arthrolysis» included removal of the synthesis material from the 3 olecranon fractures. No cases of heterotopic ossification, superficial infection or ulnar neuropathy were reported. None of the patients required surgical reintervention to perform a new «arthrolysis», whether arthroscopic or open. Conclusions: Arthroscopic release to treat posttraumatic elbow stiffness is an effective technique to restore mobility in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dog's elbow joint is a very complex structure formed between the humeral condyle, the radial head and the ulnar trochlear notch. This joint is prone to suffer growth disorders, traumatic injuries, and degenerative conditions. All these problems used to be solved by surgical means, nevertheless, the surgical plan, results in a complex decision making process related with the aforementioned joint characteristics, three dimensional (3D) anatomical models from computed tomography have proven to be useful in the surgical approach, nevertheless the image technique is at some point limited, mainly identifying soft tissues. Ultrathin plastinated slices (1 mm) allows to perform very detailed descriptions of complex structures and 3D reconstructions as well. The aim of this work, was to obtain a 3D reconstruction of ultrathin plastinated elbow joint in the dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Elbow arthrosis is caused by this extremity's overuse or by a previous or repetitive trauma. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons states that the elbow's functional range for daily activities without limitations is of 100°. Articular replacement has one of the highest revision indexes. Due to this fact, it is very important to offer alternatives for treatment. The Outerbridge-Kashiwagi Method (OKM) is a simple procedure that enables liberation and decompression with osteophyte resection produced in olecranon, coronoid and respective fossa. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the OKM as an alternative treatment for total articular replacement in elbow arthrosis. Material and Methods. We included 15 patients who underwent OKM. Initial evaluation and continuous follow-up for 12 months were done using two functional scores: Mayo Elbow Score (MES) and Oxford. Results. The median age was 58.6 years in preoperative evaluations, flexion range 86.9° (70-104°), extension range 11.6° (0-30°), pronation 49° (40-54°), supination 56° (46-70°), mean MES of 33.6 points (20-45), and initial Oxford 26.3 points (24-29). During our follow-up, MES 12 weeks after surgery was 80.6 points, with an average of 70-90 points compared to the preoperative values, with a statistical significance of p=0.001 (CI 95% from 52-41). 24 weeks after surgery we recorded a MES of 85 points (80-90), p=0.004 (CI 95% 1-7). Discussion. The OKM notably remarkably improved the elbow's functionality, pain and movement. This was objectively recorded by the functionality scores with statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epicondylitis is a highly frequent condition in the Mexican population. Recent studies have reported good results with platelet rich plasma. However, corticosteroids are the most common treatment used in Mexico. Objective: To conduct a comparative study to determine which treatment provides better results (platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroids). Material and methods: Patients were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with a single administration of platelet rich plasma and group B with a single dose of 40 mg of methylpredniso-lone. Patients were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Quick DASH scale, applied before the procedure, and at one, three and six months. Results: The results were compared with an analysis using the Student t test. One month after treatment the patients had improvement with no significant difference between both groups. At three months results were better with platelet rich plasma; however, at six months improvement with the latter declined slightly. Conclusions: The results show that platelet rich plasma provided better results from the perspective of pain control and effect duration. However, the number of applications and the possibility of improving the outcomes if combined with rehabilitation have not yet been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The radial head is a primary and important stabilizer of the elbow, mainly for valgus stability, posterolateral and axial displacement of the radius and varus loading. Radial head fractures account for 1.7-5% of all fractures in adults, 17-19% of elbow trauma, and 33 % of all elbow fractures. The latter is the most common one at this level. The alternatives for a radial head fracture that cannot be reconstructed include excision of the radial head or hemiarthro-plasty. Objective: To assess the function of patients who underwent radial head hemiarthroplasty for Mason-Johnston types III and IV fractures, using the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Quick-Dash (QD). Material and methods: A one-year long observational, cross-sectional and ambispective study was conducted at the Thoracic Limb Service, «Lomas Verdes» Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital. The patients included were ages 18 to 60 years, had a diagnosis of Mason-Johnston types III and IV radial head fractures and were treated with radial head hemiarthroplasty. Results: A total of seven patients were included, 3 females (42.9%) and 4 males (57.1%). The results of elbow function according to the MEPI were as follows: Excellent, 6 patients (85.7%); Good, one patient (14.3%). The results of the QD functionality and symptoms scale were: 6 patients had a score of 0-5, and one patient more than 10. Conclusions: Surgical treatment consisting of radial head hemiarthroplasty for Mason-Johnston types III and IV fractures yields good short-term results, because it provides excellent to good function, val-gus and varus elbow stability, and minimum elbow symptoms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elbow dislocation in children is a very infrequent traumatic event which was first described by Stimson in 1900 and then by Tachdjian in 1990. Its estimated incidence ranges from 3% to 6% of all elbow injuries, peaking at 13-14 years. Elbow trauma is classified considering the direction in which the proximal radioulnar joint shifts with respect to the humerus, into posterior and anterior dislocation. The former is the most frequent and accounts for 95% of cases. Elbow fracture dislocation is an even rarer event. The incidence rate of avulsion fracture of the medial epicondyle is 25-36%, of the lateral condyle 4%, of the olecranon 1.7%, of the radial head 8%, of the coronoid process 3.5%, and others, 3.5%. At present there is no consensus in the literature on how to treat this type of lesions, particularly because some authors advocate nonsurgical management, while others propose surgical management as the definitive treatment. What is clear, however, is that a late diagnosis or untimely treatment may affect the child's growth and lead to serious complications. The purpose of this study is to share our experience and good results with the surgical management of these infrequent cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Saguinus leucopus is a neotropical, endemic, and monotypic Colombian primate; few studies have been reported about its anatomy, specially about its muscles, this being a fundamental element for the active motion of this primate in the trees. The aim of this study was to describe the gross anatomy of the brachioradialis muscle on the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus). Ten specimens were included in the study, fixed with formalin at 10% and their thoracic limbs dissected, from the superficial to the deep plane, describing the form, origin, insertion, innervation and irrigation of the Brachioradialis muscle. The conclusion we made is that this muscle represents a morphology and in this way it must contribute to the flexor and supinator elbow movements, and would have an accessory head in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic elbow dislocation in the pediatric population is a particularly unusual injury. It was first described by Stimson in 1900 and almost 100 years later revisited by Tachdjian in 1990. Three percent of cases are associated with lateral epicondyle fracture, so this is an infrequent injury that has been described in only a few papers as case reports. The mechanism of injury is not clearly known, nor is the best type of treatment or its complications. We report herein the case of a five year-old girl with fracture dislocation of the lateral epicondyle who was managed with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with Kirschner nails, with good functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The independent neurovascular anatomy of the long head of the triceps brachii and its suitability as a free muscle transfer have been extensively studied. Instead muscle transposition of the long head of the triceps brachii to enhance elbow flexion has been rarely described. We describe in this paper two cases of injury of brachial plexus sequel in which transposition was performed only on the long head of the triceps. The elbow fl exion was improved, the extension was preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conservative surgery and reconstruction with an unconventional prosthesis are indicated for tumors of the humerus without neurovascular compromise, as they help preserve shoulder, elbow and hand function. The humerus is the third most frequent site of benign, aggressive, malignant and metastatic tumors that cause functional limitation or limb loss. Material: Patients with a bone tumor of the humerus without neurovascular involvement that met the inclusion criteria. Unconventional, uncemented, RIMAG prosthesis with diaphyseal fit and locking bolts. Methods: 39 patients with intraarticular type I tumors according to the Malawer and Enneking classification were treated with tumor resection and reconstruction with an unconventional prosthesis and soft sarcomas (2), chondroblastoma (2) and aneurysmatic bone cyst (1). Twelve patients died due to systemic disease and the remaining patients survived. Surgical margins were broad, with humeral resection between 100 and 230 mm. Functional results were assessed according to the Mus-coloskeletal Tumor Society score as 13 excellent, 16 good, 5 failures and 5 poor. Discussion: The resection level does not restrict the placement of this prosthesis, which permits future revisions. An appropriate result depends on the resection size and the preserved shoulder musculature and it is not limited by the size of resection, thus improving patients' disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several treatments are available for these injuries. In developed countries they are currently treated with minimally invasive plates. This paper describes the results obtained using external fixators in patients with tibial pylon fractures. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from 1999 to 2009 at Querétaro General Hospital. A total of 39 patients were operated on; 18 met the inclusion criteria; follow-up ranged from 1 to 9 years. Results: Of the 18 patients enrolled, 22% were females and 78% males. The most frequent fracture was 43 A2 of the AO classification accounting for 67%. Mean age was 41.2 years ± 9.3, mean healing time was 14.9 weeks ± 7.26, with p = 0.005; mean follow-up was 4.1 ± 4.9 years. Twenty-two percent were Gustilo type II open fractures; 78.2% required open reduction plus an external fixator; 22.8% underwent closed reduction plus external fixator; the mean score in the SF-36 scale was 78.05 ± 14.76. Only one patient required another surgery; 94.4% returned to their usual daily activities. Among the latter, 77.7% had normal gait, 22.2% had full range of motion, 72.2% had a pain score of four in the VAS and 27.7% were pain free. Conclusions: The use of external fixators for the definitive management of these fractures is effective, as it helps avoid additional surgeries (up to 35%) and has a shorter healing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina Veterinaria & Zootecnica is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Neuropathy due to ulnar nerve compression at the elbow level is the second most frequent neuropathy. The scratch collapse test is useful to diagnose compression neuropathies. This test helps us rank compression sites and decide the type of treatment to use. Methods: From May to July 2011, 34 patients, mostly females, were preoperatively analyzed with this test. Ethyl chloride was also used to show other compression sites. Results: The main compression site was found to be at the level of Osborne's ligament, contrary to the idea that it was located at the medial epicondyle. Another finding was that at the hand and wrist level it is more common to find compression in the proximal fascia of the forearm than in Guyon's canal. After surgery, CRP became negative in all patients. Discussion and conclusions: When the primary collapse point is Osborne's ligament, the patient will require ulnar nerve transposition. When the primary collapse point is located at the level of the medial epicondyle, decompression is enough. In case of several simultaneous collapse points before applying ethyl chloride, a surgical procedure will not necessarily be required for each one of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elbow region is an anatomical area of frequent attention to the plastic surgeon, in situations where a scar may limits upper limb mobility, as when a defect of coverage involves exposing of noble elements. The procedures to be considered for coverage of soft tissue defects in this area are: grafts, local, regional, distant and free flaps. We present a series of 9 clinical cases operated on in the period between January 2004 and May 2006, with a mean follow up of 2 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iatreia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge of the anatomy of the elbow joint has become intricate due to the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, as they are superior to represent the different soft tissues. This advantage allows evaluating in detail the increasingly frequent pathologic processes that occur in high performance athletes. The ideal MRI technique includes having the patient in a comfortable position, using an appropriate surface antenna and the right sequences in the appropriate planes depending on the entity. Being familiar with the normal elbow anatomy is crucial to properly identify the pathology and avoid potential diagnostic errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a child with a Gartland III humeral supracondylar fracture treated with a lateral external fixator and 1.6 mm Kirschner nails. The edema and postoperative pain subsided and the patient had early mobility, thus avoiding the use of cast immobilization. The patient was discharged with elbow mobility and no complications. Follow-up was conducted at weeks 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 16 with favorable results. The outcome was early mobility and the resulting shorter rehabilitation period, as well as better management of the skin and soft tissues, decreased muscle hypotrophy and appropriate healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pure physeal lesion of the distal humeral epiphysis is an uncommon and difficult-to-diagnose condition due to the absence of calcified ossification centers during the first three months of life, which usually leads to delaying the diagnosis or to misdiagnosis. However, the prognosis is good and complications are few. We report the case of a 3-month old female patient who was admitted for open reduction and fixation with Kirschner nails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To show how open treatment of the elbow stiffness offers an improvement in the range of motion, pain control, and patient's satisfaction. Methods. We present a case series analysis of patients who suffer elbow stiffness and were treated with open surgery. We analyzed the range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction, and the Mayo Score. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, Fisher's exact and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: 33 patients were included mean, age was 30.3 ± 13.4. Twenty patients were male and 13 female, 32 patients had an articular fracture of the elbow and 1 with ectopic ossification. In 90.9% the column procedure was the option and in 9.1% open reduction and internal fixation was made. Compared with preoperative ROM was 58.8° ± 28.6°, postoperative 96.1° ± 25.5° (p < 0.001). Pain versus registered 5.06 points in the Preoperative 1.7 points in the postoperative period (p = 0.001). 75% of the patients were satisfied. Preoperative Mayo score was 47.2 ± 17.8 versus 89.2 ± 13.4 in the postoperative (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The open treatment of the stiff elbow offers the patient pain relief; increased motion and most patients report final results as satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The fractures of distal humerus present a world incidence of the 2%, stiff and painful joints are common consequences of these injuries. We used two surgical approaches for the treatment of these fractures, one with olecranon osteotomy and one with triceps split. Objective: To compare the functional results in patients with fractures AO type C treated surgically by means of both approaches. Materials and methods: A retrolective, observational, comparative study in patients with distal humerus fracture AO type C diagnosis. We used the elbow functional scale of our unit for measuring clinical status. We compared the results of consolidated fractures of patients from 18 to 65 years old treated with osteosynthesis in the period from March 2002 through February 2004. Results: Nineteen patients were included (11 women and 8 men), mean age of 49.3. Triceps split approach: t: 1 patient (8.4%) had excellent, 2 good (16.6%), 4 regular (33.4%) and 5 poor (41.6%) results; for the olecranon osteotomy approach 7 poor results were found (p = 0.2270 exact fisher's test). Discussion: Were found clinically better functional outcome in patients treatment with of triceps split, was not found statistical significance this was because the size of the groups and the clinical scale score that was used in this unit. Conclusions: We recommend the utilization of the approach of triceps split by presenting better functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ipsilateral fracture of the humerus and any bone of the forearm is known as »Floating elbow», being this an infrequent entity in paediatrics. Nevertheless the classification that is proposed is based specifically on clinical findings and on the radiographic appearance resulting. We performed an observational, cross-sectioned and descriptive study from January 1997 to December 2000. We included 29 patients from 4 to 14 years old male and female. All patients received treatment for "floating elbow" and they were evaluated with the application of this proposition to get their prognosis. It was made on the basis of other classifications widely demonstrated such as Holmberg's for supracondylar fractures, Kranhoft and Solgaard's for forearm fractures, Gustilo R.B. and Mendoza R.M.'s for exposed fractures and we also considered the applications of the functional classification index of Broberg and Morrey. We propose a classification system based on mechanism of injury, fracture's level, displacement, time of exposition and related injuries, with six different types, as well as the use of a prognostic classification the physician has to look for a perfect reduction of the fracture and an appropriate stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty nine-year-old male patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustained injuries in several sites that included a Gustilo and Anderson grade III open supracondylar elbow fracture. Surgical lavage was performed and transolecranon skeletal traction was applied for one week; several surgical procedures were performed due to humeral pseudoarthrosis, as well as a fully constrained total elbow arthroplasty with reattachment of the triceps to the olecranon. Rehabilitation was started immediately and the patient was evaluated on a weekly basis. Currently after 4 years of evolution the patient has 100° of flexion, 0° of extension, and 80° of pronosupination. According to the Morrey et al. system, the result was rated as good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective. To present a multiple injuries in the upper extremity, to analyze the mechanism of injury, evaluate the prognostic, treatment and review of the literature. Material and methods. We present a 19 years-old male who suffered a car accident with open humeral fracture and ipsilateral Ulna, Radius and clavicle fractures associated to brachial plexus injury treated by osteosynthesis. Results. The surgical treatment consist in closed intramedullary locking nail for the humerus, two DCP plates and 3.5 screws for the radius and ulna and reconstruction plate for the clavicle. The mechanism of injury was high-impact trauma at the same time; the prognosis for the brachial plexus lesion is not good. Conclusions. This is an uncommon injury and there are few reports in the literature, these are caused by high-impact trauma like in car accidents or falling from highs, in general the prognosis is bad because the multiple lesions associated to nerve injuries, however, the appropriate surgical treatment using the basic principles of osteosynthesis and early physical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work seeks to compare the diameter of the wombs of the muscle brachial biceps and m. brachial in the intention of settling the doubts on which would be the most potent muscle in the flexing of the forearm. The measures were accomplished in 50 superior members of fastened corpses. A medium difference of 0.51 cm (5.8%) was evident in the diameter of the muscular womb the largest for m. brachial, ratifying what was found in the bibliographical revision, that brachial muscle is an important flexor of the elbow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipoma arborescens is a rare benign entity characterized by proliferation of villous fat tissue in subsynovial layer that usually affects the knee joint. We report a case of lipoma arborescens in bicipitoradial bursa of the elbow in a 44 year-old female patient. In spite of this rare location, radiographic findings by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging made diagnosis possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]