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Introduction: the neonatal metabolic screen is a tool that allows identifying patients with different diseases, from preclinical stages Objective: to report the birth prevalence of metabolic diseases detected through the expanded neonatal metabolic screening program of a private hospital in Mexico City. Material and methods: cross-sectional and descriptive study, which includes the results of all screening studies performed on newborns, over a seven-year period (2016-2023). Blood samples were taken by puncture between the second and fifth day of life. Rates are presented in cases per 10,000 live births. Results: during the period, 10,442 newborns were studied. A specific disease was identified in 41 (0.4%) patients, while carrier states of different diseases were detected in 77. The diseases diagnosed were: glucose-6 dehydrogenase deficiency (rate 31.6), congenital hypothyroidism (rate 2.8), phenylketonuria (rate 1.9), tyrosinemia (rate 0.95), short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (rate 0.95), and cystic fibrosis (rate 0.95). Conclusions: the prevalence of diseases detected by neonatal screening obtained in the present study is similar to that previously reported in Mexico, with the exception of glucose 6 dehydrogenase deficiency, which is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: dihydropyridine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of toxicity after exposure to fluoropyrimidines (FP). Determination of endogenous uracil (U) plasma concentrations is the recommended test to identify DPD deficiency. However, the value of U can be affected by various factors. The objective was to determine the serum concentration of U in a population candidate to receive treatment with FP and to verify if its distribution was compatible with the prevalence of partial DPD deficiency estimated in the Caucasian population. Material and methods: prospective observational study in which cancer patients candidates for FP treatment were included. For the analytical determination, a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system coupled to a Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer was used. Results: 77 patients, with a mean age of 71 years, were included. The mean and median serum U concentrations were 30.4 and 24.0 ng/ml, respectively. The range was from 7.1 to 139.7 ng/ml. 79.2% of the patients presented a U level between 16 and 150ng/ml, showing a statistically significant difference when compared to the estimated prevalence in the Caucasian population (8%) (p-value <0.0001). The analytical method used has a correlation coefficient R2 > 0.99 and a detection limit <0.2 ng/ml. Conclusions: it is necessary to carry out more studies with a design aimed at establishing the optimal conditions related to the pretreatment of the samples in order to avoid or minimize the influence of these factors on the analyte values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Innovación en Salud is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As consumption of green tea has increased in recent years, so too have reports of its adverse effects. Hepatotoxicity is apparently caused by enzymatic interaction that leads to cellular damage and interference with biological response systems and metabolic reactions. This review article introduces the morphological characteristics and biochemical components of the green tea plant, camellia sinensis. Analysis of clinical trials, in-vitro trials and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies then shed light on some of the mechanisms by which green tea causes hepatic damage. Examples are the chemical interactions with enzymes such as UDPGT, alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 and interactions with the mitochondrial enzyme and immune systems. These forms of cellular lesions are correlated with case reports in the scientific literature which clarify the spectrum of hepatic damage associated with the consumption of green tea. This analysis finds that even though the mechanisms by which green tea causes hepatic toxicity are still a mystery, certain catechins of camellia sinensis and interactions at the cellular and mitochondrial levels may be responsible for this toxicity. On this basis, social and political preventive measures regarding intake of this natural product at levels can be justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of some tree species on biological and biochemical properties of a forest soil was studied with the purpose of establishing criteria to achieve a sustainable development of a forest system. The study site is a forest soil of Chubut, in the Argentinean Patagonia. Surface soil samples were taken of three plots with a dominant species each one: Oak (Quercus robur), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.). Microbial respiration, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities, counts of aerobic and amylolytic bacteria, actinomyces and fungi were determined in soil samples, while phosphorous was determines in leaves. The results showed important differences of these parameters for the different species considered in the study, differences that are explained by the different chemical composition of the vegetal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iatreia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research work was conducted with the aim of evaluating thermotolerance at tissue level in a representative sample of ex situ preserved tomato (Solanum L. section Lycopersicon subsection Lycopersicon) germplasm in Cuba, besides identifying the most tolerant accessions to be used in plant breeding programs. Thus, cell viability was measured by reducing tetrazolium salt to formazan through dehydrogenase enzyme action in 122 tomato accessions, which were classified for their thermotolerance, taking into account three well known controls: Nagcarlang, Amalia and AN-104-1. Concerning the ex situ preserved germplasm in Cuba, there are thermotolerant accessions, mainly from S. lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme and S. pimpinellifollium, that can be employed in plant breeding programs, to obtain good-behaving varieties and hybrids under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial activity was evaluated in Phaseolus lunatus var. sieva rhizosphere soil, during different vegetative growth stages of the crop under field conditions. Seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. strains PCYGIVN3, PSNC4N2 and the interaction of both. Nitrogen fertilizer (N-P-K) and a control without inoculation were also evaluated. Respiration and dehydrogenase activity of microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere soil, microbial populations and plant dry weight were determined. The highest CO2 production rate was determined during flowering. Respiration from the rhizosphere soil inoculated with the interaction of both strains was higher than strain PSNC4N2 (0.121 and 0.088 mg CO2⋅g-1⋅h-1 respectively); the interaction was also significantly higher than the control and the nitrogenous chemical treatment [0.085 mg CO2⋅g-1⋅h-1] (p<0.1). Dehydrogenase activity from rhizosphere soil inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strain PSNC4N2 > strain PCYGIVN3 > interaction of both, with 61.04, 56.57 and 51.37 µg formazan⋅g-1 ⋅(24h) -1 respectively, and showed differences with respect to the chemical nitrogen fertilization [40.87 µg formazan⋅g-1⋅(24h) -1]. Higher values of dehydrogenase activity were reported before the harvest, probably due to the influence of the environment and the phytonematode infection of roots. Microbial activity was a more sensitive method than microorganism counting, showing a good correlation with plant dry weight obtained by the interaction of strains treatment and that inoculated with strain PSNC4N2. Both showed the highest dry matter values between flowering and pods maturity stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three physical-chemical parameters on microbial activity of farm soils under controlled laboratory conditions (18% humidity, 27.5 °C and pH 7.8). Microbial activities were quantified by carbon dioxide production and dehydrogenase activity. Three different essays for 4 moisture percentages (v/w): 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 18.0%, 4 temperatures: 8.0 °C, 21.0 °C, 27.5 °C and 37.0 °C, and 4 pH values: 4.0, 6.1, 7.8 and 8.2 were evaluated. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for each essay consisting of four treatments and four replicates per treatment. The highest values on microbial activity [0.097 mg CO2⋅g-1⋅h-1 and 173.09 µg formazán⋅g-1⋅(24h)-1] were obtained at 18% humidity. It was found out that a temperature of 27.5 °C was optimum for carbon dioxide production [0.140 mg CO2⋅g- 1⋅h-1], and 37.0 °C for dehydrogenase activity [156.78 µg formazán⋅g-1⋅(24h)-1]. A near to neutral pH (7.8) was established as optimum [0.055 mg CO2⋅g-1⋅h-1and 171.19 µg formazán⋅g-1⋅(24h)-1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of G-6PD and molecular analysis for identification of A+, A- and Mediterranean in healthy persons in Bogotá. Methods: Quantitative spectrophotometric assays for enzyme activity of G-6PD were carried out on the red cells of 348 asymptomatic and healthy adult males and females. Through molecular analysis of DNA from G-6PD deficients the relevant exons were amplified for PCR and then analysed with the restriction enzymes NlaIII, Fok I and MboII, for the detection of A+, A- and Mediterranean variants. Results and conclusions: Among 348 samples, 1.4% exhibited total deficiency and 1.7% had intermediate deficiency while 96.3% were normal. The combined prevalence was 3.7%. In enzymatic activity no statistically significance was seen between males and females. No variant was found among these patients and any of the subjects studied displayed any sign of hemolysis and other clinical manifestations. Although it is not yet clearly understood other mechanisms must exist to offer protection from the oxidative stresses. The finding of severe enzyme deficiency in some heterozygote females is due to extreme degree of X inactivation of the normal chromosome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oxidation and hemolysis associated with physical exercise, moderate and severe, have been studied by several investigations, but only in the most recent have been evaluated how the variations of the genetic determined mechanisms for antioxidative enzymatic erytrocytic capacity, contribute to establish different levels of susceptibility to the hemolysis induced trough exercise, however, those studies have mainly been made on non sedentary subjects with deficiency of enzyme G6PD. Purpose: The objective of this study was to establish if there is either yes or not a relationship between the activity level of erythrocytic activity of the enzyme G6PD and the hemolysis grade, induced by exercise in adult healthy sedentary men and after an experimental bout of moderate exercise pre-exhaustive and equivalent in modality and intensity. Methods: Twenty five men, sedentary and seemingly healthy, were evaluated after an exercise session of 1 hour over a cycloergometer, with 70% of VO2peak previously founded. On the basis of plasmatic Hb, the proportion of hemolysis and haptoglobin consumed, taking in account the variation of plasma haptoglobin and intravascular hemolysis after and at least three hours post-exercise, were calculated. Results: The experimental subjects presented laboratory evidence (free plasma hemoglobin, percentage of hemolysis and haptoglobin) of intravascular hemolysis immediately after and at least past three hours of exercise bouts. Conclusion: The grade of hemolysis had an inversely significative correlation with the G6PD activity and, this intensity had a significative different behaviour below the percentil 40 media founded for G6PD and above of it. Thus, the oxidative hemolytic response in sedentary and healthy individuals who had lower levels G6PD activity with one bout of exercise with 70% of VO2peak was highly variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and the main intracellular source of reduced nicotidamineadenine nucleotidephosphate (NADPH), involved in diverse physiological processes such as antioxidant defense, (for instance in the erythrocyte) endothelial growth modulation, erithropoyesis, vascularization and phagocitosis. G6PDH deficiency is the most common X-chromosome-linked enzymopathy in human beings. Although it is present in any type cell, its absolute deficiency is incompatible with life. According to WHO, 400 million people are affected by G6PD deficiency in the world but in Colombia, the severe form prevalence is about 3% to 7%. There are no data related to slight and moderate alterations, that also have clinical effects. This paper reviews some G6PD biomolecular aspects, its classification according to activity and electrophoretic mobility, as well as some main clinical aspects related to its activity alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low efficiency for dehydrogenation of steroids has become a starting point for new developments and genetic improvement of microorganisms. Steroid-1,2-dehydrogenase has been studied in several bacterial strains as Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter and Nocardia. There are still possibilities for finding new enzyme properties for reaction yields being improved. The optimum temperature and thermal stability were studied. Cells were irradiated in a microwaves reactor Maxidigest MX 350, 30-90 W power, temperatures were registered from 50 to 90°C with a Digisense CA 862 thermometer. The enzyme activity was higher than in control samples. At temperature as higher as 80 °C, the activity was increased by a 3,6 factor. In all experiments, cell survival was higher in microwaves heated cells (95,9 % survival at 50°C) than for conventional heated cells (0,4 % survival at same temperature). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]