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A substantial part of the conservative or reactionary backlash that occurs around the world is based on a double movement with regard to the social sciences. On the one hand, a denial of the perspectives of social construction and cultural and historical relativization; on the other hand, an appropriation of approaches abandoned by the social sciences, or of the mechanisms used by them to explain the social as a constructed reality. Perhaps the most striking example is that of "gender ideology". But I will also consider nationalism, the naturalization of ethnocentrism and racism, the notions of war of civilizations and religions, sexism and homophobia, reactions to the "politically correct", among others (namely, at more sophisticated levels, new theorizations with political implications, coming from genomics, evolutionary psychology, neurosciences, etc.). I will explore the hypothesis that this backlash is organized on the basis of an apparently contradictory alliance between neoliberalism and traditionalism, in a new and specific phenomenon of our time and not as an atavism of the past. In this sense, it is a "revolutionary" movement and the progressive fields (on which the social sciences are largely based) are sent to an uncomfortable place of "conservatism". How can anthropological discourse and ethnographic practice produce knowledge (and its dissemination) against this reality -- in a political gesture -- but also about it, in an attempt to make it intelligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]