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The systems of asymmetrical dependency are those of coercive social relations, in which some actors control the actions or access to resources of others, and emic conceptions regarding power, inequality, work, experiences, and emotions are shared. The European invasion of America in the 16th century established a system with these characteristics. This type of relationship was strongly established in the field of metal production. This paper presents some results of a bioarchaeological investigation of a group of skeletons of people buried in a chapel located in a mineral hacienda from the Viceregal period. The impacts on health are analyzed through trauma, malformations, and infections in people of different sex and ancestry. The results show a correlation between the position in the asymmetrical dependency system and the types of fractures, but not with the malformations and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article aims to present problem-based learning (pbl) as a methodological tool for demonstrating and developing scientific concepts within a didactic sequence aimed at fostering students' skills such as reflection and critical thinking on the topic of environmental pollution. Considered by several authors as one of the most comprehensive active methodologies, pbl focuses on the student and their ability to gain self-awareness through interaction with others. Such methodology can be executed based on phenomena that are part of students' everyday lives. This educational experience was supported by a exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach that analyzed the receptivity of a group of students to the presentation and resolution of a problem situation related to their daily lives. The research was conducted in Fortaleza, at the First College of the Military Police of Ceará General Edgard Facó (cpmgef), which is part of the state's public education network. The methodology was applied to a group of first-year high school students during the first semester of 2022. Studies were conducted on the topic of chemical equilibrium, reading texts about environmental pollution and its relationship with volcanic eruptions in the Permian period, the release of greenhouse gases, and the administration of two questionnaires. The importance of applying pbl and contextualization as methodologies for addresing environmental pollution content was evident, as they contributed to motivation and interest in the topic. The results showed that when a specific topic is developed with student protagonism, learning becomes more enjoyable and engaging. Thus, it can be concluded that pbl associated with content contextualization constitutes a methodology that enhances learningin a meaningful way, promoting the search for transdisciplinary solutions by working with everyday problems and motivating students to learn and relate knowledge from different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The research aimed to conduct a literature review on the issue of environmental culture related to education in times of crisis, analyzing the current situation and its connection to health, the environment, and sustainable development. The methodology used was based on gathering information from major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo. The results indicate that the environmental and ecosocial crisis is pushing humanity towards a potential civilizational collapse; consequently, environmental education is hindered by a lack of environmental leadership and insufficient awareness. The conclusions highlight the need to implement actions in teaching and learning processes, as well as programs for sensitizing and training leaders and the general community on environmental education, which will help overcome the global emergency being faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oral allergy syndrome, also known as pollen-food syndrome, is an alteration that manifests itself when people who are sensitive to certain pollens experience allergic reactions when consuming some foods. The allergic response is caused by the structural similarity of the proteins in pollens and those in certain foods (fruits, vegetables, and nuts), that is, it involves cross reactions between pollens and foods. The most common symptoms include itching of the mouth, lips and throat, inflammation, erythema and, rarely, difficulty breathing. Furthermore, environmental pollution plays an important role in intensifying allergy symptoms in general and food allergy specifically. Exposure to environmental contaminants (external and internal), allergens, microbes, and diet characterize this part of the exposome. Exposure to toxic fuels, PM, detergents, and other factors favor the deterioration of the intestinal epithelial barrier. As a result, the development and exacerbation of various allergic diseases increases, including food allergies, related to the food we eat, the air we breathe, the clothes we wear and the cleaning products we use, constituting a major problem for human health. planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental injustice disrupts the human rights of populations. This article focuses on the state of Jalisco, Mexico, a territory in which 70% of human rights violations were recorded in environmental matters between 2016 and 2019. The objective is to analyze the recommendations issued by the Jalisco State Human Rights Commission in terms of violation of the rights to a healthy environment from 2000 to 2022. For this purpose, a qualitative analysis was carried out through newspaper data from this institution, which were systematized in analytical categories according to types of environmental injustice. In addition, three emblematic cases of human rights violations in this area were presented. The findings show that recommendations are linked to situations of contamination of water bodies, lack of water supply, and water privatization; with the loss of biodiversity or with related affectations; and with the poor management of urban solid waste. These problems occur particularly through processes of unequal distribution of environmental impacts and the exclusion of affected people from decision-making. The results show the slow process of recognition at the institutional level to point out the transgression of the right to a healthy environment in Jalisco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The greatest problems that has been presented in the world, especially in Colombia, is due to an accelerated population growth generated by the overwhelming increase in migrant circulation or mobility of people due to other causes or eventual situations of nature. These social situations have been significantly affecting the urban order of cities, particularly due to the confinement of the population and the increase in environmental pollution that this increase brings, in addition to unhealthiness, poverty, among other factors. To study population growth based on demographic variables and environmental factors, an Artificial Neural Network was built to carry out a data analysis that incorporated related variables such as CO2 and other pollutants. The purpose was to identify the influence of these toxic agents with the growth of a population. Once the dynamic prediction was verified through the neural network, a mathematical model was built to study a specific case of demographic behavior for a certain Colombian region by means of a Forrester Diagram, where the migratory conditions, birth rate, morbidity, mortality, migratory flow (or mobility of people due to other natural events) and pollutants that affect human health mainly in respiratory diseases. The results delivered predictions and the Forrester Diagram confirming the relationship between toxic agents and demographic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to examine the behavior of economic growth and environmental pollution in North America (NA) in the context of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC). The units of analysis were the APEC and NA regions with their respective economies. Its dynamics of economic growth, level of environmental contamination and the correlation that exists between these variables are comparatively analyzed. This is done from the description of the behavior of GDP and CO2 emissions, the review of their descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show that while the United States, Canada, and Mexico posted growth rates above the APEC average as a region, individually they still underperformed other economies. In terms of environmental pollution, NA generates 34.2% of APEC's CO2 emissions, and the United States, despite decreasing its CO2 emissions, is the second most polluting economy in the region. Finally, it is evident that in APEC and NA there is a correlation between GDP variations and CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economía (Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán) is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental pollution is a big problem that affects the earth. The Mapuche territory is no exception, given that the extractivist model violates sacred spaces, exploits natural resources, and pollutes, affecting the Mapuche's ways of life and health. The objective was proposed: reflect on the relevance of the ethical foundations that sustain the Mapuche and nature relationship as contributions to intercultural health. It is appreciated that the ethical foundations: "Az-mapu", "küme mogen" and "ixofil mogen", have a fundamental role in ethical behavior regarding the relationship between the Mapuche and nature, where respect, love, care, empathy and reciprocity of the Mapuche towards nature, himself and with other people, allows him to be in harmony and balance from the physical and spiritual. In this sense, it is relevant to consider these ethical foundations to improve the health service, from an intercultural perspective, considering complementarity based on dialogue, in order to provide a humanizing, diverse and, therefore, quality health to move towards a good to be more full of subjects belonging to different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to quantify the waste generated by the annual operation of the Colombian National Blood Network (RN). To this effect, the amount of waste generated by blood donations and by blood components obtained, transfused, and incinerated between January and December 2018 was calculated based on national reports of blood banks and transfusion services. The incineration costs (expressed in US dollars) were estimated by multiplying the total biological by the price of incinerating one kilogram in three different areas of Colombia. The generated gases were determined using the emission factors of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge of Spain. The non-generated waste was inferred from the total donations prevented by the Hemovigilance Information System (SIHEVI-INS) implemented in 2018. As a result, it was found that, in 2018, the RN recorded 858 890 blood donations and 334 503 transfused patients. Donor acceptance generated 61.0 megagrams/year of waste (73.4% were biological) with an incineration cost of $33 418 (±26 087) and emissions amounting to 25.8 megagrams of gases (99.2% CO2 and 0.6 % NO, NO2, and CO). The use and disposal of blood components generated 349.5 megagrams/year (±99.5), which is equivalent to $258 880 (±99,709) and 201.4 megagrams of gases. SIHEVI-INS avoided the production of 55.1 megagrams/year (±19.1), saving $40 805 (±18,098) and 31.8 megagrams of gases. In conclusion, the 350 megagrams of biological waste produced by the RN represented 0.06-0.08% of the total hazardous residues or waste generated in Colombia and 0.75-0.82% of the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern era in which we live is countless linked to technology, performing most of our day-to-day activities with some technological device or application, technological advances have been so great and innumerable in the evolution of human beings in many areas; professional, economic, educational or social but, as well as these great progresses, there are also damages especially in the environment, from environmental pollution due to the use of chemicals in the production of its components or global warming thanks to technological waste, projections In generating a planet using renewable sources through technical performance forges a great purpose for humanity, establishing the objective of this research to publicize the productive use in the development or implementation of technology for the renewal or improvement of the environment. The following methods were used in the article; historical-logical to synthesize the antecedents of applied sciences in the environment, induction-deduction determining the shortcomings of mechanical progress using natural resources, empirical methods correctly annexing the investigated information, the result of this article is clear that there are large technology projects green related to prevention in the ecosystem reserve, concluding that within the technological evolution there are eco-friendly sources and their new modalities can generate a better atmosphere for the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence and epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in the southern area of Hidalgo, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of renal function was carried out in patients belonging to the southern area of Hidalgo, Mexico, from January to December 2019. RESULTS: Out of 704 participants, 220 with chronic kidney disease were selected (a prevalence of chronic kidney disease of 31% was determined), from which 20 were eliminated because they didn't complete satisfactorily the second assessment; so, the study population was of 200 patients. The average serum creatinine value was 4.0 ± 4.7 mg/dL, with a glomerular filtration rate by MDRD of 39 ± 29.4 mL/min/m², an albuminuria of 1291 ± 346 mg/24 hours. Patients were classified according to KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) in stages 1 (6%), 2 (15.5%), 3 (33.5%), 4 (21.5%) and 5 (23.5%). Diabetes mellitus was found in 54%, systemic hypertension in 66.5%; 25% of patients without traditional cause and findings compatible with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis stood out. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease of unidentified cause and without known pathogenic risk factors, but with findings compatible with chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy, which leads us to suspect a probable environmental etiology in the area due to contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: environmental pollution in urban areas is mainly due to greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fuel in the vehicle fleet, which increases in situations of vehicle congestion, which, in addition to being a source of noise pollution, affects the physical and mental health of citizens. Objective: to determine the perception of independent urban transport consultant experts on the causes of vehicle congestion and its relationship with environmental pollution and health. Materials and methods: an observational and descriptive study in the city of metropolitan Lima, through the identification of critical points of vehicular congestion and through structured interviews with independent consultants, on the causes of traffic, environmental pollution and health. Results: the main traffic generators observed were constructions, closed streets, ambulatory commerce, informal stops, unauthorized parking, and accidents. While the causes of congestion, identified by the consultants, were based on poor management and road planning, lack of road safety education for drivers and pedestrians, informal stops, and obsolete vehicles. Conclusions: the capital city still suffers from high levels of traffic congestion, which affects the health and economy of Peruvians. From the analysis based on the opinions of experts, it is recommended that strategies and policies be directed towards solutions that include institutional reforms that favor improvements in efficiency and effectiveness in the management of urban transportation, facilitate the renewal of the vehicle fleet and implement awareness campaigns to create a citizen culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historia (07169108) is the property of Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Armed conflicts affect territories rich in resources and biodiversity. As a result of the environmental damage caused by violent actions, the health of populations can be affected. Objectives: To assess the risks to human health due to environmental degradation associated with three violent actions in the context of the Colombian armed conflict: Pipeline bombing, informal mining with mercury, and spraying of illicit crops with glyphosate. Materials and methods: We conducted a quantitative evaluation of the risks to individual health associated with armed conflict activities using methodologies focused on the routes of pollutants dispersion, their concentrations in the environment, the exposure of the individuals, and the risks of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. Results: The risk assessment of the armed conflict-related actions under study evidenced intolerable carcinogenic risk and unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of water and fish contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), mercury, and glyphosate. Conclusions: The study reiterates the inextricable connections existing among the environment, society, and health, as well as the implications of environmental violence for the public health of vulnerable population groups and, in general, for the well-being of all living beings affected by the armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ad-gnosis is the property of Ad-gnosis Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wastes derived from the drilling process on offshore oil platforms can leave up to 200 000 tons of cuttings in marine ecosystems. The principal pollutants in cuttings are drilling muds (DM). The DM are used to cool and lubricate the drill bit, counteract pressure forces and possible hydrocarbon leaks. DM contaminate the marine environment and have toxic adverse effects upon marine invertebrate organisms, mainly due to the presence of barite and traces of heavy metals. In this research, hyperacute exposure experiments were performed with complete mixtures of water-based drilling muds (WBM) at maximum concentration levels in Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus colonies. Results showed significant changes (p < 0.001) in polyp morphology immediately after contact with WBM, with a 1.5-fold increase in its diameter and a 75 % of retraction in the length of the tentacles. A biomass loss was observed after exposure (recovery phase). Near 50 % of polyps and stolonal mat were bioabsorbed with statistical significance (p < 0.01) at 72 h. Similar effects have been reported in other species of cnidarians, such as corals, where there is retraction of polyps and exoskeleton exposed areas also observed. Exposure to WBM generates tissue irritation and extreme cases loss of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lex Medicinae: Revista Portuguesa de Direito da Saúde is the property of Centro de Direito Biomedico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present work was obtained the chemical characterization of the wastewater generated by the shop 1 of model of tanks, easels, gutters, among other products, of the fibrocement company Armando Mestre of the county Santiago of Cuba. The analyses were realized in the Geominera Oriente, Managerial Unit of Base Geologic Services. The results demonstrated that the residual don't fulfill the specifications of the norm of effective spill in that referred to: pH, conductivity, sedimentary solids, DBO5 and DQO. It is affirmed it because the receiving body of these residual ones is the river The Guaos, which ends in the bay of Santiago from Cuba. This ecosystem possesses a high level of contamination, motivated by the vertimiento of residual liquids of different industries that surround it, with the rising environmental damage. In correspondence the work proposes a technology to treat the residual water already generated during the production of the pieces mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El transporte terrestre, en la actualidad, es una necesidad; su funcionamiento es generado principalmente por el uso de combustibles fósiles que, por medio de una combustión incompleta en los vehículos automotores, producen la energía necesaria para su movimiento así como la emisión de monóxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono, óxidos de nitrógeno, óxidos de azufre y compuestos orgánicos volátiles que, al entrar en contacto con el ser humano, son consideradas las principales causas de las enfermedades respiratorias, cancerígenas y sanguíneas. En este sentido, en el presente artículo se realiza un compilado de las investigaciones efectuadas a nivel global, que permitan determinar la relación entre la combustión asociada con el funcionamiento del transporte terrestre y los niveles de contaminación que afectan la calidad del aire y la salud de las personas. De acuerdo con las investigaciones a nivel global, se encuentra que el material particulado (PST, PM10 y PM2.5) es el principal contaminante relacionado con la influencia del transporte terrestre en la salud pública. Land transportation is a necessity today, whose operation is generated mainly by the use of fossil fuels, which through incomplete combustion in motor vehicles generate the energy necessary for their movement, as well as the emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and volatile organic compounds, which in contact with humans are considered the main causes of respiratory, carcinogenic and blood diseases. In this sense, in this article a compilation of the investigations carried out at a global level is made, which will determine the relationship between the combustion associated with the operation of land transport and the levels of pollution that check air quality and public health. According to global research, it is found that particulate matter (PST, PM10 and PM2.5) is the main pollutant that is related to the influence of land transport on public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the main causes of the environmental problem is the indiscriminate use of plastic, especially bags; Therefore, agreements are established to reduce their production, distribution and use, so that some governments have enacted regulations that seek to achieve this objective. In this article, we analyze the proposals of Chile and Peru, applied in 2018 and almost simultaneously. A synthesis of both laws is also made and compared, showing some differences in the economic and social aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is a heavy metal present in mining and other wastes, and has deleterious effects on human health especially in the kidney in which it destroys tubular cells. In an investigation of the quality of the river beds that receive wastewater in the north of Potosí, Bolivia, the presence of cadmium was reported in potatoes watered with these water in Quila-quila, a rural town in the area. The objective of this work was to identify possible damage from cadmium to the health of the inhabitants of Quila-quila. Methods: for this, clinical review and clinical and chemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine from the inhabitants of Quila-quila, and the filtration rate was calculated glomerular (GFR) and this was correlated with indicators of glomerular injury. Results: elevated levels of cadmium were found in the blood in some people, and a correlation of GFR with blood cadmium concentration and indicators of membrane injury glomerular. Conclusion: in conclusion, the inhabitants of Quila-quila were contaminated by cadmium, which caused mild kidney damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare morphological and functional differences of the heart in two Latin American populations with different ethnicity and living conditions. Methods: Using transthoracic echocardiogram we obtained data on 206 individuals: 103 from Atahualpa, Ecuador (living at sea level, mean age: 75 ± 4.2 years, 53 women) and 103 inhabitants from Mexico City (living at 2300 m above sea level, mean age: 75 ± 4.2 years, 52 women). Results: Significant differences between Atahualpa and Mexico were: Heart rate 66 versus 80 x', left ventricular diastolic diameter 40.8 versus 42.7, septum thickness 9.8 versus 11.6, posterior wall 10.2 versus 11.8, stroke volume cc 53.0 versus 46.6, left atrial volume 25. 8 versus 33.6, systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery 27.1 versus 42.0, cardiac output 3.1 versus 4.8, E/Ea ratio 6.4 versus 9.2, and mitral area 3.4 versus 3.0. Comparison of diastolic function between Atahualpa and Mexico was: Type 0; 2 versus 1. Type 1; 96 versus 81. Type 2; 5 versus 20 and Type 3; 0 versus 1. Conclusion: Echocardiographic characteristics that identify adaptive changes of the heart in Atahualpa are coincident with people living at sea level and with good physical activity, and Mexico City, with inhabitants living at high altitudes and exposed to environmental pollution. The systolic function of the left ventricle was similar in both populations, indicating that adaptive changes allow the heart to be effective in different circumstances of the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article studies the environmental factors produced by the textile sector (dyeing, finishing, printing and denim washing) in the Valle de Aburrá. This industry consumes chemicals within its processes and, consequently, causes environmental pollution, which has prompted the implementation of legal regulations that establish controls and monitoring. Hence, this sector must identify the environmental factors affecting its processes in order to develop strategies to minimize the pollution produced. Using a qualitative methodology with a descriptive approach, the control variables are described, according to their productive activity, which are related to water and chemical consumption in their processes, establishing the environmental factors. An interview was conducted with 34 companies in the sector. It was possible to identify their distribution in the AburráValley and the strategies they are developing based on environmental factors. In this way, it was established that the companies are carrying out the management of ecological products, the improving of the processes for the recovery of resources and the management of the environmental legal matrix to comply with the levels of control and monitoring expressed in the legal regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)