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The aim of this article it is to study the origin, development and consequences of the cholera epidemic of 1885 in Segovia, emphasizing first the number of infections and then the number of victims, focusing both on the differential mortality by age, gender and profession, as in the space, showing the possible sources of appearance, progress and prophylaxis. For this, based mainly on the analysis of primary sources, we aim to reconstruct the course of the disease and its comparison with the rest of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the importance of Natural and Traditional Medicine (NTM) in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. It is mentioned that Chinese herbal formulas can reduce fever and cough symptoms, limit disease progression, and improve overall immunity. The article also mentions Cuba's experience in using homeopathic products in epidemics such as dengue and cholera. The integration of Eastern and Western Medicine in China is emphasized, with good results in treating COVID-19 patients. In Suriname, the Cuban Medical Brigade used natural techniques such as Qigong and acupressure in disease control. The article mentions limitations in access to healthcare services and specific medications for disease control in the population. No conflicts of interest are reported by the authors. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mirai. Estudios Japoneses is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Cuestiones de Filosofia is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vibrio cholerae is a potential human pathogen that inhabits aquatic environments, although its presence and abundance have been associated with increased water temperature, little research has been done on its ecology in tropical estuarine environments, where salinity changes tend to be more important. The present study evaluated the distribution of V. cholerae in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and its relationship with temperature and salinity; For this, between 2016 and 2018 this microorganism was quantified bimonthly in surface water samples, using TCBS agar and biochemical tests. V. cholerae was detected in 57 of 198 samples (28.8 %), varying in density between 5 CFU / 100 mL and 54,800 CFU / 100 mL. Between January and September 2016 there was a high average monthly salinity (= 28.7 °C) and a low detection of the bacteria (0.01 %). Average salinity dropped drastically in November 2016 (9.6), coinciding with a proliferation of V. cholerae (geometric average 36.4 CFU / 100 mL). During 2017 and 2018, the average salinity remained below 15.2 and the detection of V. cholerae was higher (39.4 %) than in 2016, with higher densities in the months with lower salinity. At the BVA and NVE stations, where palaphytic populations are located, the highest average (geometric) densities were recorded, 25.3 CFU / 100mL and 15.4 CFU / 100mL, respectively. The results of this study show that salinity plays a determining role in the occurrence and abundance of V. cholerae in this tropical lagoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the patron saint festivities of Azkoitia, the Andramaris, were cancelled in 2020, several people asked me whether anything similar had ever happened. In this article, I describe the events that occurred during the cholera outbreak in Azkoitia in 1855 and the way in which it affected the festivities. No events took place, except for the odd religious celebration to ask for protection from San Roque. At the end of the pandemic, a Te Deum was sung at the Parish Church of Santa María La Real. The Asian morbid cholera claimed the lives of 69 residents in Azkoitia and 272 in Azpeitia. The work carried out by the town doctor of Azkoitia, Dionisio Ortiz Arrieta, and the barber or bleeder, Francisco Ignacio Sarriegui, is particularly interesting. I also discuss the publication by Doctor Juan Antonio Monedero that describes how the epidemic unfolded in Gipuzkoa. To end, I include a brief anecdote about the pyrotechnics of the time, citing the famous character of Canuto Aguirre from Vitoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Documenta & Instrumenta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lingüística y Literatura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the world is facing dissimilar changes. Among them, many are related to architecture and urban design, whose evolution has been closely linked to urban resilience and the emergence of infectious diseases such as the Black Death, cholera, and tuberculosis, among others. The case of COVID-19 will not be the exception, so it is time to imagine ourselves as scriptwriters of our lives in order to conceive a healthier city. The historical relationship between the emergence or spread of epidemics and the changes related to architecture and urban design is shown; measures for the recovery of cities and the creation of more sustainable and resilient territories are proposed and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Un estudio de caso en el valle bajo del Omo analiza algunos de los retos sobre la seguridad del agua para las personas que han sido desplazadas dentro de su propia patria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia (07169108) is the property of Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Introduction: given the lack of historical documentary sources about the beginning of potato effective consumption in Vitoria (Alava, Spain), its introduction in the urban diet is estimated from cultivation and production data. This only allows asserting the introduction of the cultivation at the end of the 18th century, the recognition of two quantitative jumps during the Independence and First Carlist Wars, and that it was the second cultivation in quantity by 1857. Objective/method: from the hypothesis of a good correspondence between hospital diet and ordinary urban diet, evidenced in other studies for Vitoria, it is proposed to document the chronology of potato introduction in the urban diet from its analysis in the city hospital, as well as to contextualize concurrent historical events, through the review and analysis of primary and secondary documentary sources. Results: the hospital keeps a record of food acquisitions since 1743. The first purchase of potatoes was paid on September 17, 1834. Acquisitions continue in very variable quantities and dates, which are normalized from 1844. Contextually, there is a major subsistence crisis with cholera as the most immediate and necessary cause in synergy with the first carlist war and the devastation of crops in a summer storm. In 1854 the potato was established in the urban diet. Conclusions: the first acquisition of potatoes was made in September 1834 in the immediate context of cholera together with the carlist war and catastrophic weather effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From its endemic origin in the deltas of the Ganges and the Indo the cholera spread in a pandemic way during successive waves throughout the 19th century. His arrival was preceded by a widespread fear for various factors, apparatusity of symptoms, the unpredictable sense of his departure, but above all for his etiological and therapeutic ignorance. The following work tries to analyze the fear during the first appearance of the disease in Spain. More specifically, the imaginary ones are analyzed in the matter of health of the individuals or collectivities, conformers of the predominant health culture in the society and the understanding from them, of the behaviors, in this case of the caregivers and authorities. For this, a historical-sociocultural study is designed, using various ethnographic sources on which the method of «speech typology» is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brocar: Cuadernos de Investigación Histórica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. It has been tried to deepen the care that was recommended by the author during the first cholera pandemic. Method. This is a socio-historical study, using for its development as “ethnographic sources” three books by Mateo Seoane. Results. The author and his work are presented, his subjective feeling towards the new disease, the fear of contagion on the part of the caregivers, the patient’s bed and other care tools are described, explains the symptomatology to take care of in the cholera patient, the bleeding and other elements of the therapy, the use of the bathroom inside the cares, as well as what they consisted during the convalescence. Conclusions. The disease and mainly its care has been shown, through the eyes of a chronicler, a direct witness who lived and studied it. It presents a disease of easy transmission and dissemination, that is, conditions that will allow it to expand in an epidemic and pandemic manner. I can say that I have investigated health culture in a time of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of confinement provoked by the Covid-19 pandemic has meant a rigorous turn in the way we go about our daily lives, the way we relate to each other, social life, the economic sphere and the transfer of activities to the virtual world. This study established as an objective to analyze the possible relationship between perceived stress levels and states of anger or irritability in 112 university students who went through a period of confinement due to COVID-19. The Anger, Irritability and Aggression Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale were used. The present investigation is descriptive and correlational. Among the main findings, the high levels of stress that students over 26 years old had and the significant correlations between the variables presented stand out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Question (1669-6581) is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cholera epidemic in the city of Chillán, Chile, which allows assessing the city's hygiene and urban health practices carried out by the authorities in the period 1880-1900. This epidemic was an important case, which mainly affected the popular sectors located in the city outskirts. Authorities tried to carry out hygiene and health strategies aimed at educating the population and improving the quality of life of its inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the process of vaccination against cholera - the Ferrán method - that was experienced in Elche, during August and September 1891, immunization promoted by municipal doctors and by Jaime Ferrán himself, who had visited the city several times. Thus, after the serious epidemics of 1884 and 1885, Elche received mandatory vaccination shortly after the first practices carried out in Alzira or Valencia, in full scientific and journalistic controversy over the discovery of the Catalan scientist. Methodology: For the analysis of the facts we have used several sources. And the proposed analysis has been used. Báguena (2011) on the "Ferrán method". Primary documents of the Municipal Historical Archive of Elche (AHME) have been analyzed. Results: The Ferrán method, or first vaccine against morbid cholera, was a controversial preventive measure against this epidemic disease in Spain, from its practical application in several municipalities of the Kingdom of Valencia we interpret the political and social weight of the municipal power, against the poor practical operation of the central governments of the Restoration. Conclusions: Manuel Campello and Santiago Pomares, in full controversy of the Ferrán vaccine, decided to launch a massive and compulsory vaccination for the entire population of the city, paying special attention to the poor classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life and work of Luis Daniel Beauperthuy (1807-1871), is developed, born on the island of Martinique, graduated as a doctor in Paris (France) and rooted in Cumaná (Venezuela), where he cultivated a family. He had a leading role in Cumana's earthquake of 1853 and later in the yellow fever and cholera epidemics. He was the world forerunner of the postulate that yellow fever and malaria were transmitted by mosquitoes. In his last days he shone in the studies for the treatment of leprosy, which would take him to Guyana where his days would end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents distinctive and essential features in the transformations of the Cuban health system that have allowed the eradication and reduction of the incidence rates of some communicable diseases at levels lower than 0.1 per 100 000 inhabitants. The results obtained are a consequence of the importance given to the prevention and control, as well as to the risks and potential damages, of these diseases. The structure and functioning of the hygiene and epidemiology subsystem and its interrelations with the rest of the system, based on the different models of service provision, have been permanent integration scenarios for decision making. Diseases such as poliomyelitis, malaria, diphtheria, whooping cough, rubella, mumps, post-mumps meningitis, measles, yellow fever, cholera, severe forms of tuberculosis, human rabies transmitted by canines, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, vertical transmission of HIV, congenital syphilis and clinical forms such as neonatal tetanus and congenital rubella syndrome were eliminated. Some communicable diseases are analyzed in more detail and, in particular, the social response developed against tuberculosis, leprosy, AIDS and vector- borne diseases. However, the current health context presents challenges for the sustainability of the achievements made in the country. Assuring the maintenance of universal coverage with access of the Cuban population to health services will always be a principle of Cuban public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of the cholera epidemic in Elche, a western Mediterranean city during 1884-85, produces a set of responses: Urban changes, improvements in public health, denunciation from the press, and, above all, the development of the pro-union associative movement. The objective of this article is to interpret these responses as a set of categories of change of society that function as biopolitical strategies and their analysis can constitute a model of hermeneutic for other objects of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the mortality rate attributable to cholera in 1834 in Plasencia, based on absolute mortality.Method: This is an investigation that is designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Using as the main source the sacramental records of death of the five parishes in the nineteenth century in the locality, a demographic analysis is carried out. Results: We can say that cholera was the cause of an increase in the number of sick and dead, with interesting data to highlight such as: the manifestation of social inequalities, social and urban selectivity, female overmortality, etc. Conclusions: It is clear that we started with an indirect review, known and minimized other variables, such as hunger for bad harvests (impossible to isolate), the increase in mortality in those months should then obey some extraordinary cause that coexisted, and that era The disease of cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation of 95 children aged 0 to 10, with diagnosis of acute diarrheal disease due to Vibrio cholerae, assisted in "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" Northern Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out during 2016, in order to characterize them according to some clinical and epidemiological variables. Among the predominant results there were the 0 to 11 months age group as the most affected and the presence of a higher number of cases in Santiago de Cuba municipality, that corresponded mainly to the health areas of "Frank País García", "José Martí Pérez" and "Josué País García" polyclinics. Also it was evidenced that the main manifestation of the infectious process was the liquid diarrhea and the most frequent complication, the moderate isotonic dehydration. None of the children died, which demonstrates the effectiveness of medical care in the southeastern territory of Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes a particular institution that arose to combat epidemic outbreaks: the commissions of residents, focusing particularly on the cholera epidemics of 1867, 1868 and 1873, and the yellow fever epidemics of 1871 and 1886. The commissions of residents have been mostly interpreted by historiography as a response of the society due to the Government's inaction, mainly at a municipal level. This article revisits this statement and argues that epidemics brought about the possibility to create, reform and transform specific areas of the municipal government, mainly those related to health and hygiene. We have called this process institutionalization vector, because a series of measures and organization forms that appeared at first temporarily due to the cholera and yellow fever epidemics, were then institutionalized. We also argue that the unquestionable relevance of the 1871 yellow fever epidemic should not prevent the study of other epidemic outbreaks that were also very significant in the development of the commissions of residents and, most importantly, contributed to the institutional strengthening of municipal governments. From this standpoint, it is possible to show areas of interaction, subordination, independence and conflict among the commissions of residents and the municipal governments and the provincial government of Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attenuated strain Vibrio cholerae 638 (O1, El Tor, Ogawa) is the active ingredient of oral vaccine candidate CV638, product well tolerated and immunogenic in several studies with healthy volunteers. The administration of live attenuated biological agent involves its excretion in the feces of vaccine recipients. Then in the regulatory context, there is concern about its potential environmental impact and the possibility of reversion to virulence. This paper is an experimental approach to the possible performance of such strain on the environment. It was assessed the survival of VC638 using water from different sources in several laboratory conditions. The results suggest that this strain has no advantages over its wild type parental strain to survive in optimum or minimal growth conditions. Strain susceptibility to stress conditions that included sodium dodecyl sulfate and hyperosmotic environment was also determined. The results suggest that the vaccine strain does not possess properties that favor its performance against these agents. In addition, it was tested their resistance to horizontal gene transmission, concluding that VC638, as toxigenic strains currently circulating in the Caribbean, is resistant to natural transformation in the presence of chitin. The transformation frequency of VC638 is 10³ times lower than that of its toxigenic parental strain. Finally, VC 638 showed no signs of possible advantages to compete and survive in natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active ingredient of the live vaccine candidate CV638 is the genetically attenuated strain Vibrio cholerae 638, which was obtained from the wild type toxigenic V. cholerae strain C7258, by deleting the cholera toxin genes (ctxAB). The use of live attenuated vaccines requires assays that ensure the stability of the attenuating mutation; as well as the lack of wild type toxigenic infectious cells. The present study was aimed at designing a nested PCR assay specific for ctxAB genes and evaluating its detection limit in lots of CV638 contaminated with known amounts of the toxigenic strain C7258Kn. One primer pairs specific for ctxAB genes were designed and PCR conditions respect to annealing temperature and MgCl2 concentration was established. The detection limit of the nested PCR assay of V. cholerae toxigenic bacteria was determined in CV638 preparations contaminated with increasing amounts of toxigenic vibrions. The detection limit was evaluated statistically and it was found to be ~ 50 colony forming units (CFU) of the toxigenic strain per CV638 dose, value lower than the smaller infective dose informed for V. cholerae (10³ CFU). Once validated, the described nested PCR assay could be used as a purity control assay during the quality control testing of CV638. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the cholera epidemic of 1833 in the city of Veracruz, from a sociodemographic approach, using information from the burial records of the Parish between 1832 and 1834, as well as the statistics and reports prepared by the Governors of Veracruz from 1827 to 1834, with which it has been possible to develope mortality indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the Araguaya steamboat’s case, a luxurious ship that left the Southampton Port (England) to Río de Janeiro and Buenos Aires ports in 1910. During the trip there was a cholera outbreak that spread on board only among the third class passengers who were immigrants. In the first part of the article, we explain how traveling conditions in the steerage were decisive for the outbreak. In the second part, we describe the case in detail, from the departure of the ship until its arrival at a quarantine hospital in Brazil. In the early twentieth century, knowledge and techniques of bacteriology began to take part in health protocols ports of South America for diagnosis and control conditions. Under the aegis of the bacteriology, the Araguaya case makes possible a historical questioning of the experience with diseases during the transatlantic voyage of European workers to America in the late 19th and early 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study in health systems and services was carried out in Santiago de Cuba province, during the period of July to September, 2013, to evaluate the perception of risk and the lifestyles associated with cholera. The universe was constituted by the 9 municipalities and the sample by 2 000 inhabitants, with an individual for each selected family, who belonged to 10 health areas, where a total of 50 doctor's offices were chosen (5 clinics for each area and 40 families from each); equally, the tools for obtaining the information were designed by experts' approach. According to the results of the series, it could be concluded that most of those patients who were interviewed believed that they were not susceptible of being sick and they had a low perception of the high risk of infection due to cholera. This conditions a low threat approach and therefore, the non fulfilment of the health orientations implying efforts, some resources and disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: cholera is considered in Latin America a re-emerging disease, influenced by social, cultural and environmental factors. Objective: to evaluate the environmental, behavioural and health factors related to the cholera in Santiago from Cuba. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study of the environmental factors and population behaviour related to cholera, as well as of the organization of the health systems for the control of the epidemics was carried out in Santiago de Cuba province. The universe was constituted by 356 087 families selected from the care units, informed in the preliminary figures of the Population and Housings Census in 2012. A sampling was used by poly-stage conglomerate with proportional inclusion probabilities to the size of each conglomerate, and 10 polyclinics, 50 doctor's offices and 40 families were selected in each one, for a final size of 2 000 families. Results: it was considered that in 80.0% of the families the conditions of water preservation were adequate, 21.8% of the samples provided certain positive results to pathogens in the bacteriological sampling, 30,2% of the families had a poor system of evacuation of sewage, 61,.25% qualified between the categories "out of service and middle service", and 27.2% of the ditches, rivers and the channels observed in the sample had bad hygiene conditions, with more difficulties in II Frente, La Maya, Palma Soriano and Santiago de Cuba municipalities. Conclusions: environmental and behavioural factors were identified in the population which the transmission of cholera and influenced in the process of disease control in Santiago de Cuba province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]