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Three studies were conducted in the canton of La Maná, province of Cotopaxi, focused on the production of organic fertilizers through the reuse of residues from agricultural and livestock farms, which were focused on decomposition and composting processes, with the objective of finding sustainable solutions that were not only efficient in waste management but also to develop effective and applicable methods for crops. The sites were: "La Playita" experimental center, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, organic fertilizers from animal and vegetable waste (bovine manure and Setaria sphacelata grass waste), Comuna San José del Estero, production of humus through the Californian red earthworm by using the rachis of the orito (Musa acuminata), orchard soil, bovine manure and leaf litter, and the "Sacha wiwa" experimental center using waste from: cacao, cut grass, grazing grass and forage. The following variables were analyzed: temperature (°C), humidity (%), pH, total weight of humus (kg), conversion of raw material/humus production, chemical analysis of the compost. Temperatures from 22,26 to 33,97 °C; humidity from 74,47 to 77,10%; pH 7,18 to 8,08, humus weight from 18,46 to 37,50 kg and conversions from 1,39 to 2,78 were observed. The best performance is reported in the formulation: Orchard soil 6,81 kg + Orito rachis 11,36 kg + Bovine manure 25,00 kg + leaf litter 4,54 kg) with 37,50 kg of humus from the Comuna San José del Estero. The chemical composition of macro and micro elements varies in each experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residues on the reproduction of E. foetida, the physicochemical characteristics and phytotoxicity of vermicompost. In this research, 8 treatments were analyzed: T1: bovine manure, T2: poultry manure, T3 corn chaff, T4: peanut shell, T5: bovine manure + corn husk, T6: bovine manure + peanut shell, T7: poultry manure + corn chaff and T8: poultry manure + peanut shell. Reproduction parameters such as number, size and weight of worms were evaluated. The physicochemical parameters of the vermicompost analyzed were yield, moisture, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration, while phytotoxicity was analyzed against Lactuca sativa seeds. The results obtained showed that T1 was able to reproduce 912 units with an average length of 4,86 cm and generated 17,17 kg of vermicompost, T7 presented a higher concentration of nitrogen (2,64%) and organic matter content of 52,71%, the pH remained in neutral values (6,9-7,2), while the electrical conductivity was low (0,22-0,64 ds/m). None of the treatments showed toxicity to L. sativa seeds, but T1, T3, T4, T5, T7 and T8 showed phytostimulant activity on seed germination. Biological transformation of wastes is an important tool for waste management that influences E. foetida reproduction, yield, vermicompost quality and stimulates L. sativa germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: In Cuba, there is a tendency to decentralize productions with the creation of livestock modules where different livestock species coexist, such as swine, cattle and poultry. In this context, anaerobic digestion (AD) is an alternative for the decarbonization of the agricultural sector, since it generates energy during waste treatment. Objective: To evaluate the AD of swine manure (SM) and poultry manure (PM) with cattle manure (CM) in terms of biochemical methane potential (BMP), and kinetic parameters in mono and co-digestion. Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted in 2 L reactors at 27 °C (average). The BMP of SM, PM and CM was determined in mono-digestion, and then with addition of 15, 30 and 45 % of CM, to the PM40:SM60 mixture. To describe the kinetic behavior of the process, experimental data were fitted to three first and second order models. Results and Discussion: The experimental BMP with CM addition was higher than expected, with increase between 26-31 %, demonstrating the synergy of the mixtures; since the C/N ratio and the methanogenic archaeal community were improved. The models were adjusted to the experimental data with adjusted coefficients of determination higher than 90 %. Conclusions: The addition of CM increased the experimental methane yield over the expected one. The Hill model shows a maximum yield of 369 LCH4/kgVS for mixtures with 15 and 30 % CM. The best variant was with 15 %, and it is necessary to transport manure from 20 cows to the biodigester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The primary objective of this research study is to characterize organic waste substrates when producing the red Californian earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The process starts with pre-composting, where temperature, pH, and humidity are controlled for 33 days. Three types of mixtures are prepared with gradual (0, 20, and 40%) substitution of poultry manure (PZA) for bovine manure (BZA). Each substrate (3.8 kg) is placed in plastic buckets and 38 adult earthworms are inoculated. The experiment is conducted in triplicates for a period of 97 days. The following variables are assessed: number of worms produced per kilogram of substrate, worms' total mass, size, and multiplication percentage. The results show that substitution of 40% BZA for PZA can affect earthworm multiplication. The highest percentage of worm reproduction is observed with 100% bovine manure. It is concluded that the processes' byproducts have suitable characteristics for their application as soil fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objectives of this study are to determine the emission of greenhouse gases based on the amount of nitrogen applied to soil from bovine manure and to generate their emission factors. The treatments consist of applying one or two kilograms of manure and one or two liters of urine, resulting in the application of 56.11, 112.23, 104.90, and 209.80 g N/m2, in addition to a control treatment. Gas emissions are determined during the first 39 days by using static cameras. The methane emission factors are 0.25 and 0.53 kg/animal/year after applying one and two kilograms of manure, respectively. In addition, increasing the dose of urine, from one to two liters, decreases the amount of nitrogen that is converted into nitrous oxide from 2.1% to 1.24%. In conclusion, applying bovine feces instead of urine (proportional to the N dose applied) increases the production of CO2eq, resulting in greater environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined application of biochars and the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare and Gams on growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. 'Elbita' and their protection against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. The biochars were produced from: rice husk (Oryza sativa L.), branches of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) and marabou (Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Am.), mango seeds (Mangifera indica L.), and coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera L.), using Kon-Tiki technology. The biochars and P. chlamydosporia strain IMI SD 187 (dose of 5x10³ chlamydospores.g-1 of substrate) were added to the substrate consisting of red ferralitic soil: cattle manure: biochar (2:1:1 v/v). The experiment was carried out in 60 cell trays, which were randomly distributed in biological isolators. Control treatments without the fungus were included. After 30 days, vegetative growth and colonization of the substrate and roots by P. chlamydosporia were evaluated. Subsequently, five plants from the rice husk biochar + P. chlamydosporia treatment were transplanted to pots containing one kg of sterile substrate (soil: cattle manure 1:1 v/v), inoculated with 500 juveniles of a pure population of M. incognita, and to control pots without nematodes and left to grow for 60 days. The vegetative growth and the nematode gall index were evaluated. The application of biochars and P. chlamydosporia did not affect rhizosphere colonization by the fungus and showed a positive effect on growth of tomato plants. The fungus with rice biochar achieved early protection against M. incognita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work was to evaluate the combined effect of five biochars and Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg, on stimulation of tomato seedlings and their action on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood under semi-controlled conditions. The biochars were produced using Kon-Tiki technology. The substrates, containing: red ferralitic soil: organic fertilizer (cow manure): biochar at a 2:1:1 (w/w/w) ratio, were prepared independently. For the trial, 60-cell rooting ball trays, with 65 g of substrate each, were used. At sowing, the biochars were inoculated with a suspension of T. asperellum (Ta.13) (1x107 conidia.ml-1) at a rate of 5 ml per cell. Uninoculated controls were included for each biochar. The trays were randomly distributed. After 30 days, the following parameters were evaluated: length of plant aerial part and root, number of leaves, stem diameter, fresh weight of aerial part and root; the presence of Trichoderma in soil and root was also examined. For the study under semi-controlled conditions, five seedlings were transplanted with selected biochar+Trichoderma), and the corresponding controls, into pots containing five kg of sterile substrate (soil: cow manure, 1:1 w/w) previously inoculated with 500 juveniles (J2) from a pure population of M. incognita and left for 60 days. Finally, the above mentioned parameters and the galling index were evaluated. The mixture of rice biochar and Trichoderma was an optimal substrate with positive effects on the agronomic parameters of tomato seedlings. Compared with the control, it showed a significant reduction of the galling index in pots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Entretextos (2007-1426) is the property of Promocion de la cultura y la educacion superior del Bajio, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the compacting of cow manure in the dairy farms, it is rarely used in the pasture and forage areas, resulting in low agricultural yields and low milk production. This work was developed during five years in five dairy farms of the “El Tablón” Livestock Enterprise, Cienfuegos, through the manufacture and application to the soil of natural organo-mineral fertilizer (Zeofert) with the objective of increasing the yield of pasture and forage. For the preparation of Zeofert, fresh cow dung deposited by the animals on the floor of the shaded sheds was used and mixed with 1-3 mm particles of natural zeolitic rock (Fertisol). The obtained decompacted manure (2,362 t) was applied manually on 94.5 ha of pasture and forage at a rate of 25 t ha -1 . The results showed that the application of Zeofert to the soil significantly increased the yield of Panicum maximum Jacq. cultivar ‘Common’ (natural grass) and P. maximum cultivar ‘Likoni’ (guinea grass) by 52 % and of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (king grass) cultivar ‘CT-115’ by 77 %, while milk production was increased by 20 %, all with respect to the control. The return of nutrients to the soil was restored, with a significant increase in the contents of P2O5, K2O, organic matter and pH values. The use of 99, 124 and 116 t of NH4NO3, simple supersulfate and KCl were substituted as equivalent chemical fertilizers, respectively. The use of this technology is recommended in those units that have cattle in stabled or semistabled conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although horticultural production in the province of La Pampa is scarce, it is in constant development. The development of short-circuit marketing channels, with bags of vegetables of local and diversified production, represents an opportunity. The carrot, as a heavy vegetable, complements the bags, however, there is little technical information about the crop in the area. In this work we evaluated performance and quality of a biennial carrot (Daucus carota L.) hybrid material culture called SANGRIA (TAKII) in the semiarid Pampean Region. The experiment was carried out at the demonstration garden of the rural extension agency INTA, General Acha. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and test plots of 5 m² size and the sampling unit of 0.25 m2. The sowing was done by dripping on March 8, 2021, and it was carried out manually at a seed density of 5 kg.ha-1. Irrigation was done by dripping. Organic matter was incorporated into the soil in the form of composted cow manure at a rate of 3 kg.m-2. Weed control and thinning was performed manually every 0.03 m. Two different harvest dates were used, on July 7, 2021 (T1) and a month later on August 6, 2021 (T2). In both dates the following variables were measured: total number of roots per square meter, total output in kg.ha-1, commercial output in kg.ha-1, weight of discarded roots in kg.ha-1 and weight, length and individual diameter of the roots. A higher total output was found for T2 than for T1, possibly due to the longer growth cycle of 150 days. However, the fact that for T2 there was a higher percentage of discard than for T1 caused the commercial output to drop for T2, lacking statistical differences in this last variable for the two harvest moments. Discard was mainly due to either bifurcated roots or small roots (less than 10 cm). The commercial yields of 36300 and 43600 kg.ha-1 for T1 and T2 respectively, indicate that the Pampean Semi-Arid Region is ideal for the cultivation of biennial carrots added to the quality of roots achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the production of vermicompost extracts of bovine manure tested as foliar biostimulants, a solid residue whose potential has not been exploited is obtained as a by-product that still continues with biological activity, which would lead to a more efficient production process with its recycling. These extracts could be managed to improve the quality of the seeds. Given these antecedents, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the pre-germination treatment of seeds with recycled vermicompost extracts, on the physical and physiological quality in black beans (Phaseus vulgari L). The biostimulant effect of dilutions of low concentrations of recycled residual extracts from the second and third extraction (E2 and E3) in direct application on the seeds was assessed. For the study of the pre-germination treatment of black bean seeds, the physical and physiological quality of the seeds was determined in the first growth stage (germination and first vegetative phase) of the crop. The results obtained showed under semi-controlled laboratory conditions that the physical and physiological quality of the treated seeds was positively modified and indicated the possibility of its use as a biostimulator of the pre-germination stage of seeds. The possibility of introducing E260, E240 and E330 into the production chain as promoters of the germination and growth process in the first vegetative stage as quality enhancers of black bean seeds is demonstrated, which may affect the sustainability of the productive process of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dung beetles perform important functions in terrestrial ecosystems, but anthropic pressures affect them negatively. These effects are well documented in neotropical lowland forests but have been studied little in Andean forests. Objective: To evaluate how the attributes of the dung beetle assemblages and three of their ecological functions differ in three types of vegetation cover, and to determine the relationships between attributes and functions, and among functions. Methods: Dung beetles were captured with pitfall traps, and ecological functions were measured through a field experiment in the farm “El Ocaso” (Colombia), in three types of vegetation cover: secondary forest, mixed forest and cattle pasture (three independent sites per cover). The assemblage attributes that were evaluated were abundance, number of species, biomass, and weighted mean body length; functions measured were dung removal, soil excavation, and secondary seed dispersal. Results: It was found that both the assemblage attributes and the ecological functions were negatively affected in the more disturbed vegetation covers, particularly in cattle pastures. Most of the assemblage attributes correlated positively with functions; soil excavation and secondary seed dispersal had a strong positive correlation with dung removal. Conclusions: Dung beetle assemblages play important ecological functions and they are sensitive to ecosystem disturbances. This study shows how dung beetles and their functions are affected negatively when forest is transformed to cattle pasture in the understudied and highly fragmented Andean forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The anaerobic digestion is an attractive process for a grains agro-industrial enterprise where several residues are produced. Different studies show the advantages of rice straw and rice dried residue with pig manure codigestion, however the effect of the mixture rice dried residue with pig and cow manure on anaerobic digestion kinetic have not been studied. Objective: To evaluate the methane production kinetic from different mixtures of rice dried residue with cow and pig manure in discontinuous system. Materials and Methods: The anaerobic digestion process was evaluated in discontinuous system at mesophilic conditions (35 ± 2 °C) for four mixtures, selected according to a Mixture design of extreme vertices. Four models of first and second order were used for the kinetic performance of the anaerobic digestion process description. Results and Discussion: The models explained between 98.54 until 99.90% the variability of obtained experimentally methane yield. The best methane yield (351.19 L/kg volatile solids) was obtained for the mixture with maximum percentage of rice dried residue. Conclusions: This study shows the potentialities of biogas production from residues generated in a grains agro-industrial enterprise. However, technology selection must be based in reactors with agitation, which must be evaluated in semicontinuous regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tamarind seed (T. indica L.) has a low germination rate due to the hard coats or some degree of impermeability, which limits imbibition and uniform root protrusion leading to uneven growth and development of seedlings in nurseries. The objective of the study was to identify economic and environmentally friendly alternatives to allow a rapid germination to break down dormancy. Morphometric characteristics of 100 fruit seeds collected in the Monteria area were measured using a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replicate; each experimental unit consisted of 20 seeds. Data showed seeds are variable in morphology, especially length, width, and thickness. Hot water treatment did promote seed germination. Seed sowing in cattle manure and urine for 24 hours, promote germination at 11,40 and 11,80 days, with 81 and 84 % seedling emergency, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of coffee seedlings obtained in nurseries is a determining factor in the achievement of highly productive plantations. Was carried out an experiment in Tope de Collantes, with the objective to evaluate the effect of FitoMas-E and two proportions of organic matter in the substrate on the growth of coffee seedlings in the nursery stage. Was evaluated the effectiveness of four dose concentrations of FitoMas-E (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L-1), and two soil proportions - organic matter (bovine manure) in the substrate (3:1 and 5:1), about the growth of the seedlings, with an experimental design totally randomized with bifactorial arrangement. The height of the plant, diameter of the shaft, foliar area and total dry mass of the seedlings to the were evaluated seven months after seeds were set down. The results evidence that the application of FitoMas-E it influences positively in the growth of the coffee seedlings, with increments of their efficiency, in the measure that the doses are increased independently of the conformation of the substrate. The dose of 6 ml L-1 was the most efficient and it was evidenced that with the application of the bioprepared it is possible to diminish the levels of organic matter in the substrate, without affecting the quality of the coffee seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weathering of mine tailings with a high content of metal sulfides participates in the release and mobility of heavy metals, being one of the main risk factors for the environment and public health. In this work, two types of manure were used to assess their effect on the mobile or bioavailable chemical fractions of Cu in a soil contaminated with mine tailings. An experiment was carried out using soil artificially contaminated with 25% of Zimapan mine tailings, with increasing doses of composted cow and pig manure were added (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24%). The pseudo-total concentration of Cu was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after acid digestion, while the chemical fractions of Cu were determined from sequential extractions procedure. The results obtained showed a high pseudo-total concentration of Cu in mine tailings and low in the soil and both types of manure. In the treatments with greater application of pig manure, there was a decrease in the concentration of soluble-exchangeable Cu and an increase in the concentration of Cu strongly bound to the organic fraction. While with the cow, the highest concentrations of soluble-exchangeable Cu and and the weakly bound to the organic fraction were recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia around 460,000 households lack of electricity, 4% of the total population. The department of Córdoba has approximately 1.9 million livestock, which annually translates to 4.2 million tons of manure and presents an emerging market of sawmills. This work assesses the physicochemical and energetic properties of briquettes made with mixtures of acacia sawdust and cattle manure from the department of Córdoba are evaluated, carrying out tests and analytical calculations. First the sawdust-manure mixture percentage is determined, these were established by an experimental simplex lattice design. The process begins with the drying and crushing of the biomass where the final humidity is less than 12% and grain size of 2mm. Then the mixtures are compacted in a semi-automatic briquette machine. After, the tests of compressive strength and mechanical durability are carried out, with these the manageability of the briquettes is determined. Through the proximal-elemental analysis, the calorific value and the sulfur emissions are analytically calculated, and through the boiling water test, the energy efficiency is evaluated. Moreover, it was found the most favorable mixture in terms of the results of the previous tests, giving as outcome the briquette with 60% manure. Finally, the most favorable briquette is subjected to a gasification process in a Downdraft gasifier in three valve positions, half closed, half and fully open, in order to find the properties of the gas produced by the briquette. The result of the gas gives a CV of 1556 kJ/kg and a generation power of 11.8 kW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was developed with the objective of characterizing the behavior of the morphology of the Lysiloma sabicu Benth. plant grown in a nursery on different organic substrates and with the use of container technology. Three combinations of substrates made from mixtures of organic compost, worm humus and cow dung were tested to determine in which way it was feasible to achieve better plant quality with the use of this technology. The morphological variables measured were: height, root collar diameter, dry biomass, as well as root system attributes. From these values, the morphological indices were calculated: Slimness, PSA/PSR Ratio, and Dickson's Quality Index. The results obtained showed that there was a differentiated effect on the plants' morphology, depending on the substrate in which they were cultivated, and that it was SI formed by 50% organic compost + 25% worm humus + 25% cattle manure (Co-50%+HI-25%+Ev-25%) which provided the best values in the parameters studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect bioestimulant Liplant of the vermicompost extract is proven in the different cultivations and like an alternative that contributes to the sostenibility from the agroecosystem when being used in way sitematic, but its stability is ignored after a time of storage under natural conditions, information of great importance for the elaboration of a technology of application of the extract in the most rational different cultivations and of a bigger positive impact. The present work had as objective of determining the stability of an obtained extract of vermicompost of bovine manure, through the count and the activity of groups of microorganisms beneficent present in him and in its capacity to sustain its working life after a year of storage. Under conditions you control and semicontrolled was carried out the quantification and identification of the microorganisms presents, with rehearsals of antagonism among the same ones and its breathing activity was evaluated during a year of storage of the product under natural conditions. In the valued period they were not significant variations in the composition physical-chemistry and biological of the product in the valued stage. These results suggest that the product could be considered as a microbial consortium, it being necessary to deepen this aspect, with the study of other biological properties of Liplant, which will allow to expand the range of potentialities offered by the extract to increase the efficiency of its use and of the waste obtained in the productive system of its elaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A biogas and biofertilizers production system was installed consisting of a 12 m3 PVC geomembrane tubular biodigester, with 9 m3 of work volume, to determine the yield of biogas as fuel and the influence of biofertilizers on the development of pasture for cattle. In the biodigester, the manure from bovine that is raised in Fundo Palmeras, Puma Hermana, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru, was processed in anaerobiosis. The biodigester is fed with manure mixture: water in the ratio of 1:5. The hydraulic retention time was 29 days at an average ambient temperature of 14,4 °C. The biogas produced satisfies the demand as fuel for a kitchen for the daily preparation of the family's food. The biol and biosol, effluents of the biodigester, were used as organic fertilizers for the Nicarion grass (Setaria sphacelata) in experimental plots; those to which biol (T2) and biosol (T3) were applied had greater growth of their stems exceeding almost twice the size to the control. The biosol favored the greater production of fresh weight and consequently of dry weight of the evaluated pastures, contributing in addition to improve the soils of the farm, reducing the dependence of external inputs. This system also serves as an example to reduce the environmental impact of livestock activity, by confining methane to use it as cooking fuel, instead of dissipating it into the atmosphere through the uncontrolled decomposition of manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fertilization or fertilization of this crop is a major driving factor, aimed at obtaining proper nutrition as a basis to achieve the highest commercial yields per unit area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic response of two varieties of potato to the application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. The application of organic fertilizers was performed at 0 and 60 days; manure (2.50 t ha-1), cattle manure (10 t ha-1) and vermicompost (0.70 t ha-1); 10-30-10 and 15-15-15 fertilizer (N, P and K, in percentage) at 0.38 t ha-1 each; at 0, 60 and 90 days, exposed on a design randomized complete block in factorial 2x3x2 + two witnesses and three repetitions. The research was conducted at the Hacienda San Isidro parish Mulaló, Cotopaxi province, and plant height, diameter tubers, quantity and weight of tubers per plant, yield per plot was measured. The results showed similar behavior in all treatments studied. It is concluded that the potato is a crop that responds favorably to the application of organic fertilizers or organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers interaction, is a good option to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence exerted by different fertilizer doses on the physical and chemical properties of a ferruginous Gley Nodular soil, dedicated to the production of Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) cv. Likoni seed, was studied. The design was randomized blocks, with four replications, and the following treatments were evaluated: control (without fertilizer); 3, 6 and 9 t of earthworm humus per hectare; 20, 40 and 60 t of cattle manure per hectare; and 180-50-75 kg of NPK per hectare. The values of the real and apparent density fluctuated among the treatments; but, in general, they were at the end higher (p ≤ 0,05) in the control and in NPK, for the depths 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. The natural humidity was higher (p ≤ 0,05) when applying 9 t of humus and 60 t of manure; while porosity did not differ among the treatments. The organic matter increased, and the best result (p ≤ 0,05) was obtained in the treatment of 9 t of humus. The seed yield with 9 t of humus was similar to that of NPK (between 41,0 and 91,3 kg of PGS/ha); however, the profit for the sale of seeds and the profit per hectare were higher in the treatment with 9 t of humus, which propitiated a lower production cost (10,30 vs. 16,50 pesos/kg of seed for humus and NPK, respectively). It is concluded that the use of organic fertilizers in the systems of Guinea grass seed production is feasible, from the productive and economic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to determine the survival of pre-parasitic stages (eggs and larvae) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GN) in Bocashi made from cattle manure. The study was conducted at the facilities of the National University of Costa Rica (UNA) during 2010. Bocashi was made from cattle manure collected from a dairy farm located in Poasito de Alajuela, Costa Rica. Cattle manure contained 600 eggs from the Strongolyda suborder per gram (epg), specifically < 50 epg from Strongyloides papillosus, and < 50 epg from Trichuris spp. Approximately 20 random samples were taken from finished Bocashi and processed using the qualitative method of Sheater and the quantitative method of McMaster in order to identify and quantify eggs from GNs. Additionally, coprocultures were performed and total nematodes were extracted from Bocashi samples to determine the presence of GN larvae. Eggs from GNs were observed in Bocashi samples at very low concentrations, so quantification by the standard parasitological method was not possible. In all cases the eggs showed signs of degradation. No larvae from GNs were observed in coprocultures or in the total nematode extraction. In contrast, large numbers of bacterial-feeding nematodes were observed in Bocashi samples, whose presence is considered positive. We conclude that the conditions present during the preparation process of Bocashi substantially reduce the number of GNs at pre-parasitic stages and promote an increase in the number of beneficial organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was conducted in order to evaluate the combined application of cattle manure and mycorrhizal inoculation on seed production of Canavalia ensiformis, in conditions of productive farms located in Rhodic Nitisol soil. Experimental plots were used 4,2 by 4,0 m, with six rows, for a total of 5,6 m². Four treatments were studied in an experimental design of randomized blocks and four replications. The treatments were: 1) control uninoculated and without cattle manure; 2) inoculation with AMF; 3) 20 t.ha-1 of cattle manure; 4) 15 t.ha-1 cattle manure + AMF. It was used the strain Glomus cubense (INCAM-4), by the method of coating the seeds of Canavalia ensiformis. With the combined use of cattle manure and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strain Glomus cubense it was obtain the highest increases in height and dry mass of jackbean and high seed production. Mycorrhizal inoculation can reduce the cattle manure dose and showed that to achieve effective inoculation requires a minimum supply of nutrients in soils used for agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical modification of the húmic acids (AH) can be used as a tool to understand their chemical structure, which is very complex. New results show that exists a relationship among their functions and chemical properties modified with changes in the biological activity that they manifest on the growth of the plants. Presently work chemical reactions of acetilatión, metilatión and amonificatión were used to modify the structure of those AH obtained of vermicompost of bovine manure, those that were evaluated by their content of C, coefficient E4/E6 and their acidity. In the derivatizaded and the AH not derivatizated the structural changes were analyzed by the Infrared Espectroscopy of Diffuse Reflactancy with Fourrier Transformed method (DRIFT) and through their spectra the hidrofobicity indexes (IH) and of condensation (IC) of the molecules. The results show important changes in all the studied indicators showed differences in dependence of agent’s used. The results found in the bioassays for Indol Acetic Acid (AIA) showed increments in the equivalent content of the biorregulator in order to derivatizaded and higher activity that AH not derivatizated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universidad & Ciencia is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo se realizó en la Comarca Lagunera, estado de Coahuila, México. El objetivo fue evaluar la producción y el valor nutritivo del forraje de tres variedades de alfalfa tratamientos de fertilizado con estiércol de bovino y con riego por goteo subsuperficial. Se determinó la composición del N, P, K, Ca y Mg en el tejido vegetal como un indicador de los volúmenes de extracción para cada nutrimento. Las variedades fueron: CUF 101, Sandor y Altaverde. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos de estiércol (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 t ha-1) y uno de fertilizante químico (30-100 kg ha-1 de N y P) como testigo. Respecto al forraje seco se presentaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos de estiércol pero no para variedades. Los valores de producción más altos se observaron en los cortes marzo, abril y junio en los tratamientos de estiércol de 80, 120 y 160 t ha-1 con valores superiores de 4 t ha-1 de forraje seco. En las variables de valor nutritivo del forraje (proteína cruda, fibra acido detergente, fibra neutro detergente y energía), tampoco se detectaron diferencias significativas entre variedades ni entre tratamientos de fertilización. Con respecto a la extracción de N, P, K, Ca y Mg por las plantas, en los cortes 5° al 8° es donde se presentó la mayor extracción de dichos elementos con aproximadamente 160 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno, 12-14 kg ha-1 de fósforo y 125 kg ha-1 de potasio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of soil biofumigation on Meloidogyne spp. during two crop cycles (tomato-cucumber) grown under sheltered conditions was evaluated. Semi-rotted cattle manure, used as the biofumigation material, was incorporated in the soil of the plots at a dose of 10 kg.m² of soil-1. Before and after biofumigation, the soil infestation index of Meloidogyne spp. was determined in soil samples taken along the five plots of the tunnel using the indirect bioassay method. The seeds of both tomato and cucumber crops were pelleted with ECOMIC® (10% of seed weight) and FITOMAS (3 mL.L of water-1) before the seedbeds were set up. The entire root system of each crop was removed from the soil at the end of the harvest. The gall index in the root system of both crops was evaluated. The yields of each crop were also recorded as kg of product per tunnel. The infestation level of the soil after biofumigation decreased from 4,8 to 1,8 degree. The gall index at the end of each crop cycle was always below three. The yields achieved in both crops were 50% higher than those obtained in these crops before this experiment. The results of this work confirm that soil biofumigation is a practicable alternative for the management of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in the vegetable production under sheltered conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a Fluvisol was studied the effect on corn yield of cow manure of several C/N ratios combined or not with Azotobacter chroococcum. Manures were applied in proportion of 15 t ha-1 of dry matter in all pot. After 15 days of sowing was applied Azotobacter chroococcum to treatments of C/N de 18.5 y 13.3:1. It was used a randomized block experimental design. It was found that the best yield was obtained with manure with C/N ratio of 13.3:1; in this case was found similar yield that mineral fertilization. Corn yield obtained with manure of C/N ratios of 10:1 and 14.8:1 were lower than those obtained with manure of C/N ratio of 13.3:1 although all manure produced higher yield than plot without manure with the exception of manure with 14.8:1 C/N ratio. Accordingly with regression analysis the highest yield was gotten with cow manure with C/N ratio of 11.9:1. Manure recently produced by animal produced similar yield than complete mineral fertilization but its favourable effect was reduced when this manure was combined whit Azotobacter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidad & Ciencia is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tamarind (T. indica), is a fruit tree that grows very well in the Caribbean region, it has a pulp, highly desired for the production of juices, ice creams, popsicles, jellies, dressings, sweets, etc. The seed is dormant, which makes germination irregular and takes between 20 and 25 days. Therefore, the objective of the research was to evaluate methods to break the dormancy of the species. For this, a randomized complete block design with five treatments was used, T0 = control; T1 = immersion in hot water for 60 seconds; T2 = immersion in cow dung for 24 hours (500 grams in 10 liters of water); T3 = immersion in cow urine for 24 hours (500 cc in 10 liters of water) and T4=scarification with sandpaper and five repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 seeds, which were planted in plastic bags 15 cm long by 8 cm in diameter, which contained alluvium, rice husk and sand as substrate with a 1: 1: 1 ratio. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences between treatments, detecting that immersion in cow manure, immersion in cow urine and scarification with sandpaper accelerated the emergence and germination speed index with respect to the control, the immersion in hot water did not favor germination and was not considered in the analysis. Therefore, for the economic, less wasteful and sustainable, the use of bovine excrement and urine is recommended to break dormancy in tamarind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During one harvest a study was carry out in order to measure the effect of Zeofert application on the yield in grain of the common bean and the chemistry properties of a Grayish Brown soil. Was used two treatments; one without Zeofert and other with 25 t/ha of Zeofert. The Zeofert was elaborate with the mixture of Natural Zeolitic Rock and fresh bovine manure. The results did show that the Zeofert application to the soil did increase statisticaly (Pe"0.05) the yield in grain of the bean, the contained of P2O5, K2O , organic matter and the values of pH in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]