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The use of influencers by brands in their strategies, mainly digital, is currently a consolidated practice. However, from a legal point of view, the advertising nature of the message is not always identified, inducing or may induce an error to the recipient. This behavior is also favored by the influencers themselves in their ways of presenting and communicating the message, since they appear to be third parties not unrelated to the advertisers. These practices where advertising is not identified are considered in themselves misleading by Law 3/1991 on Unfair Competition. The situation has led to finally Autocontrol and AEA have signed with the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation and Consumer Affairs, a "Code of conduct on the use of influencers in advertising" (Autocontrol, 2020). In this paper, the presence of a brand in a sample of influencers targeting young people on Instagram is analyzed during a period of 6 months (4T2020-1T2021) in order to study the level of legal identification of said brands before and after entry into force of the Code of Conduct on January 1, 2021, as well as the type of brand presence (verbal or written), its degree of visibility or its presence in shared content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen La regulación privada surge como herramienta internacional de gobernanza para el control del cumplimiento de las normas internacionales del trabajo. Recientemente se han expresado dudas sobre su eficacia para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo en las cadenas de suministro. Su método habitual de auditoría vertical se considera inadecuado para este contexto. El artículo evalúa si el diseño de estos sistemas puede reforzarse para garantizar un mayor cumplimiento. Los autores examinan el potencial y las limitaciones de mecanismos con participación de los trabajadores y actores locales, como los mecanismos de quejas, así como la dinámica de corregulación público-privada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a research pursuing a double objective: (a) identifying intolerant attitudes and behaviours and their causes in school sport competitions, and (b) elaborating a specific code of conduct as a framework to develop action proposals which may reduce intolerance. The identification of the intolerant attitudes and behaviours relied on the participation of students, athletes, coaches, sport experts, teachers, families, referees and institutional directors through 529 questionnaires, 44 interviews and 4 focus groups. The main results point out that the most common intolerant behaviours are related to relentless effort demands, verbal aggression and pressure to win and worry for results but not for encouraging sport's educational dimension. The study is completed with the construction of a Code of Conduct taking the Delphi method as the starting point. This contains specific indications for individuals, groups and institutions involved in school-age sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this investigation is to identify and examine the characteristic segments that channel a type of discourse in the form of radio spots that infringes the Spanish advertising code of conduct. The work is focused on one of the most important principles for the consumer: that of truthfulness. The different types of misleading advertising have been analysed by means of factor analysis and its subsequent interpretation, based on a representative sample of radio spots that takes into account their broadcast frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing importance of scientific publications of quality, their impact on society in general and on authors' processes of scientific recognition, as well as journals needing to have international visibility, may increase the number of conflicts of interests among editors, authors and reviewers of scientific publications. The aim of this article is to review recommendations of existing ethics codes. Major international initiatives, their sponsoring entities and specific recommendations made to the different agents of the process are analyzed. The review reveals that the degree of awareness about the ethics of the publications in each discipline and each country depends on tradition, associations, the established reputation and the degree of internationalization of the journals that make up each scientific field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociología del Trabajo is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)