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This article expands on David Garland's proposal that punitive practices are influenced by logics of (in)sensitivity, shaping how punishment is conceived and applied. It argues that (in)sensitivity is not a mere peripheral aspect of punishment but a central element thereof. Drawing from this premise, the article elucidates the most prominent features of Garland's proposition, highlighting the conceptual framework it builds upon. Based on this foundation, the discussion branches into two closely related directions. Firstly, it analytically explores Garland's contribution, explicating the depth underlying notions of meaning and sensitivity; a development that will underscore the significance of corporeality in fully understanding the imposition of punishment. Secondly, this analysis will be projected onto the context of the current discursive hegemony of security and, more specifically, in the specific manner it manifests in the regulation of migrant mobility. The undeniable preeminence of securitized borders will thus become the fundamental space of analysis to project Garland's proposal regarding an underlying (in)sensitivity permeating the imposition of punishment. Within this context, it asserts that migrant bodies crossing the border endure punishment, yet their suffering lacks empathy within the security discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Border Cantos (2016), a collaboration between experimental composer Guillermo Galindo and photographer Richard Misrach, delves into the multisensory narratives of migration along the US-Mexico border. Misrach's photographs capture the landscapes and traces of bodies crossing the border and their arduous journeys. In parallel, Galindo transforms artifacts and debris from the border into sound objects, creating compositions that echo and reinterpret the experiences of migrants. The chants, rhythms, and visual narratives of this work deeply resonate with the stories of those crossing the border in search of safety, opportunities, or reconnection with their loved ones. In this article, my analysis focuses on the complex interplay between sound and image in Border Cantos, contextualizing it within the broad landscape of Latin American artistic expressions. I highlight the role of singing in reference to the Mexican cantares and Ezra Pound's Cantos as a living archive that captures and transmits alternative narratives. I analyze the canto as a transformative medium, seeing it not just as repetition but as a continuous and amplified rhythm of breath. I argue that Border Cantos and its nuanced representation of singing expand our understanding of migration stories, our notions of artistic expression, and archival imaginations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In criminology, various theories are used to develop interpretations; many come from sociology. One of them corresponds to the model of Concentric Circles, proposed by Ernest Burgess in 1925; forming part of the ecological approaches coming from the Chicago School. It sought to explain the social divisions of the space around the city center and although it received harsh criticism, it must be recognized that there are very valuable elements in the model, which are rescued with this research. The objective is to describe the situation on the border strip between Brazil and Venezuela, specifically in the Pacaraima municipality; which is assumed to be Zone Number 2 of the Burgess model, also called Transition Zone. Locating it in the place where the arrival of Venezuelan migrants occurs; that is, on Brazil's federal highway BR174, starting at the border - commonly called "The Line" - to the height of the La Casa Blanca inn hotel. In this area and its surroundings, there are people living in tents on public roads; some in United Nations shelters and others joining Brazilian criminal groups such as the "Primeiro Comando da Capital" (PCC) and the "Comando Vermelho" (CV). The article captures the complexity of the social interactions that occur on that border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems that affect Venezuelans today have a clear objectification in the border spaces that have been established around the territorial limits between Venezuela and Colombia. This has demanded, on the part of the Colombian government and some nongovernmental organizations, the creation of political and social projects that safeguard the life of the Venezuelan and, in general, of all inhabitants who live in these areas. However, the political edge in relation to a project that is consolidated around the theme of fraternity, has not yet been articulated. All of which raises the question of what one needs to understand and know to articulate a project of this caliber. One of such things is to know how the intercultural process occurs and how border spaces are articulated or function around territorial limits; which would allow us to know how such a project is possible. In this sense, the article addresses the entire theoretical-conceptual issue about what we understand by limit and border, and the way in which cultural interaction occurs in border spaces; realizing how such interaction is essential for fraternity to be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration in the present can be understood as a phenomenon that calls for the emergence of new forms of human solidarity that, in the medium and long term, question the ontological foundations of contemporary Western society. The objective of this writing is to capture how in contexts, spaces and territories -in which two migratory expressions develop simultaneously- a field of articulation, tension, negotiation and struggle is produced in which the politicization of the daily life is possible through of imagination and patience as political practices. It is through daily learning and intersubjective interaction how migrants transform moments of waiting into raw material to manage conflicts over the way they exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the relationship between the perception of an environment of illegality and people's non-normative behavior (anomie) regarding the crime of smuggling in the Department of Norte de Santander (Colombia) and in the State of Táchira (Venezuela). Data collected during the first half of 2022 from two population samples were analyzed: n = 2 385 persons in the Department of Norte de Santander and n = 1 398 persons in the State of Táchira. A hypothesis test was used, with the independent variables being the respondents' age groups and educational level (heads of household between 18 and 69 years old). The results show the existence of smuggling as a practice socially accepted by many citizens even though it is a crime, which is increased by the deterioration of commercial exchange between Venezuela and Colombia, the unilateral closing of border crossings, and therefore the deterioration of the quality of life of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the duality that exists in how the States approach the current Venezuelan migration in the region between the humanitarian perspective and the securitist perspective. From the definition of Venezuelan migration as a "crisis" and forced displacement the result is the increase in more restrictive border control measures, the increase in irregular entry and humanitarian aid to those who are in extremely precarious and vulnerable conditions, unresolving irregularity or the consequences that this situation has on people who arrive to Chile. The article takes the case of the border between Chile and Bolivia and the increase of unauthorized crossings at the Colchane border and is based on the results of two investigations carried out during 2021, the first based on qualitative interviews and field observations, and the second based on survey results and field observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many writers have used the labyrinth as a game between reality and fiction, or between fantastic and everyday space. However, what happens when a known space is seen to be violated, being transformed into a great labyrinth that traps the characters and changes their reality and their lives forever? One possibility is the transformation of "places" into "spaces," since violated places lose all their previous identity. The present work aims to analyze the relationship between violence and the space of the northern border in the novel Laberinto (2019) by Eduardo Antonio Parra, since it shows a part of the most current reality of this place that, due to violence, has become a strange and inhospitable space for its inhabitants. For this, the concept of violence is approached according to Benjamin, Astorga Almanza, and Hurtado Heras; and those of space and place, according to Westphal, Ryan, Foot and Maoz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the governmental measures implemented by Chile and El Salvador during the pandemic to manage the repatriation of their nationals and resident citizens who were stranded abroad due to the closing of borders, a decision imposed by governments worldwide as a measure to contain the health crisis generated by COVID-19 in their territories. The restriction to the freedom of movement of people across borders caused in several countries of the region an additional humanitarian drama to the devastating effects of the global health crisis, so this paper examines this problem from the coverage given by the Latin American media to the repatriation processes of Chileans and Salvadorans as case studies, through a qualitative documentary analysis of the news about the main difficulties and consequences generated by this humanitarian drama. An important conclusion of the study recognizes the relevance of the administrative, logistic, and communicational capacity that the diplomatic missions of Latin American countries should develop, as well as the preeminence of human rights in international relations in order to face more responsibly the migratory crisis caused by the closing of borders for sanitary reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of restricted mobility of Venezuelan migrants on the border as a result of government measures to cope with the pandemic in Colombia and Venezuela. Using a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews conducted between May and September 2020 and a documentary and hemerographic review, it was observed that in Cúcuta and its metropolitan area a mobility/immobility dyad developed that led to Venezuelan migrants being trapped in both territories. In the midst of being trapped, the border deepened the logics of differentiation between citizens and migrants, and the construction of the other as a threat, in this case of contagion within the two countries, being victims of the processes of securitization and sanitization as strategies of reaffirmation of sovereignty. Likewise, the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the creation of a restrictive and immobilizing border where before a territory of permanent exchange was shown and migrants have become a subject of dispute in the tense international relations between the Venezuelan government and the countries of the American continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban violence derived from the absence of planning, land use and sustainability strategies for the development of cities has had an impact on the dignified life of the habitants of these territories, especially historically violated populations. Gender-based violence, present in all social contexts, is reflected in the urbanization of spaces, that develop processes of discrimination, exclusion and insecurity manifested in the thousands of disappearances of women and girls, as well as feminicides over the last thirty years in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. In this way, the neoliberal policies of making a city, contribute to the murders of women and girls in the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the contributions of Peruvian theorist and critic Antonio Cornejo Polar on narrative heterogeneity, this paper proposes an interpretation of Valeria Luiselli's most recent novel, Desierto sonoro (2019). In this text I postulate that, without undermining the explicit sources which the novel alludes to and recovers, it is possible to link it to a deeply rooted narrative tradition in Latin America: that which represents sociocultural otherness. The tensions between the referent (the Chiricahua tribes of the 19th century and the children who cross the border into the United States in the 21st century) and the narrative perspectives that present the events involve different displacements (of characters, knowledge, diegetic levels, and narrative points of view) oriented to the representation of a harmonious encounter between two opposing sociocultural groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we address, from a comprehensive perspective, the socio-territorial dynamics that emerged between 1990 and 2020, in the border crossing between Cúcuta (Colombia) and Ureña (Venezuela), based on the behavior analysis of the migratory flow that runs through this crossing. The methodology used is that of the case study and the sources are qualitative. The information gathered allows us to consider that, during the period studied, social conflict increased in this border crossing, due to the dispute for the control and appropriation of the border zone by illegal actors, interested in making the intensification of migratory flows in the direction of both countries profitable, due to the political instability that has marked the recent history of both sides of the border, during the period studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to address the changing relationship between waste and urban space in Buenos Aires. Specifically, based on an analysis of the period between 1976 and 2019, it seeks to understand the way in which cartoneros (waste pickers) are inscribed today. By studying the productive role played by frontiers as sites of conflict, this paper presents three movements in which borders trace over waste. This mapping reveals the place of the cartoneros as important actors in a network that links waste management, the production of urban space, and a certain way of organizing the labor force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balkans have traditionally been established as a region of endemic conflict. This has meant that along the history its borders have been under continuous review, shaping a landscape of numerous multi-ethnic states and territories. The current global scenario of change towards a new multi polar order has caused the main global actors to review their interests in the area and once again regional actors, with nationalist projects, have regained strength. This situation suggests the possibility of conflicts ' return in the Balkans and a new redefinition of its borders limits. If this possibility arises, the humanitarian scenario could be catastrophic, at a historical moment in which European efforts in this regard are focusing on the displaced people caused by the Ukrainian crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to demonstrate how La muerte feliz de William Carlos Williams proposes a rewriting of the maternal as a way of recreating the archipelagic identity that rubs against various traditions. Friction is understood as that which incorporates fiction and non-fiction in a natural way, while at the same time blurring those limits that the publishing market has tried to put before it in order to clearly catalog its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rio Amonia Ashaninka indigenous people live in the Brazilian state of Acre on the Upper Jurua River on the border between Brazil and Peru. After their struggle against intensive lumber activities in the 1980s, and having obtained the demarcation of their territory in the early 1990s, they engaged in strategic alliances with several partners as an attempt to find economic alternatives to lumbering. In the past twenty years, with the growing influence of environmental concerns regarding development in the Amazon, the Amonia Ashaninka acquired great political visibility through various projects geared to the paradigm of «sustainable development ». Based on ethnographic fieldwork, carried out in various stages over the last fifteen years with the Amonia Ashaninka, this article retraces the plight of this community in the past two decades for land demarcation and to establish interethnic and transfrontier alliances as a means to install a broad «sustainable development» policy for the entire Upper Jurua region. It also analyses the present day development and border policies of both the Brazilian and Peruvian states, which entail new threats to the region's indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of eco-frontier examines the actions of ecological actors to analyze the ways in which these contribute to transform biodiversity-rich territories. Eco-frontiers are discursive and spatial appropriations that evolve in different historical stages. This article analyzes the case of the Maya Forest as an emerging eco-frontier since the 1970s. The Maya Forest is a concept constructed by ecological actors to conserve tropical rainforest that covers the border region between Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. Based on analysis of various first-hand materials, the article shows how the construction of the Maya Forest-concept has transformed the borderland into a scenic eco-region subject to tropical conservation. Simultaneously, the appropriation of the Maya in its scientific and touristic dimension suggests the construction of international biocultural borderlands. However, the issue of indigenous rights, multicultural context and that of multispecies remain subject to debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present and reaffirm the importance of shared public health management on the Brazil-Bolivia border. To this end, bibliographic and documentary surveys were carried out, as well as interviews with 14 experts who form the Community of Inquiry, an investigation method developed by John Dewey that provides a useful lens for studies on shared management, as it emphasizes the plurality of actors beyond the actions of the State, demonstrating how public health problems are dealt with in the region. Specifically, we detail part of COVID-19's first operations (February to June 2020) in the municipalities of Corumbá and Ladário (Brazil) and Puerto Quijarro and Puerto Suarez (Bolivia). Recognizing the political dimension of the problematic situation, we rekindle the importance of governance for combating the COVID-19 pandemic and for the shared management of other urgent local epidemics, such as dengue and H1N1 on the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-border network can be understood as a process of effective articulation and collaboration between researchers and university institutions in the three countries that form the triple border between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Its fundamental objective is to systematize information, research, monitor, and publicize results on the pandemic in a joint way, that is, to think of these localities and border municipalities of the three countries as a single cross-border region. This perspective of research and data analysis aims to break with the methodological nationalism so present in research in international border areas. This poses a number of challenges in systematizing joint information, as the institutions of each nation-state develop different methodologies and different time frames for the publication of official data, in addition to problems of underreporting in some cases. These difficulties became very present in the process of producing bulletins from covid 19 in the region, as evidenced here during the dialogue with the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Guatemala were less than optimal during the nineteen-thirties, defined by an environment full of suspicions and handshakes between their representatives. In this paper I study the accusation against Guatemalan President Jorge Ubico (1931-1944) of participating in the uprising of Saturnino Cedillo, which occurred in May 1938. Through archival research in both countries, I clarify interference that certain researchers have accepted without showing significant proof, and others have ignored. Did Ubico support the cedillistas that rebelled against the government of Lázaro Cárdenas? I respond to this question by examining the source of the accusation, its promotors in Mexico, and the response by the Cardenist government. These means allow me to broach an awkward and little analyzed episode of this bilateral relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the difficulties and strategies that South American transvestites and transvestites experience and carry out to cross geopolitical borders and carry out migration to the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. This population, when facing different hostilities and vulnerabilities in their environments, migrates in order to establish a stable life project accessing rights. However, consolidating migration implies crossing a set of edges, including overcoming geopolitical borders and due to the stigmatization that this population experiences. The focus of the article is qualitative, the method used is grounded theory and the research technique is the in-depth interview applied in 44 cases through the construction of a theoretical sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the arrival of the Bioceanic Route on the border of the municipalities of Porto Murtinho (Brazil) and Carmelo Peralta (Paraguay), the forecast is that social changes will take place regarding the structure of the municipalities and their daily lives. This article aims to present reflections on the issues that permeate public policies on the border, specifically the municipalities of Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta. This work is the result of the development of studies for the preparation of the Master Plan for the city of Porto Murtinho, data were collected between September 2020 and June 2021 through interviews with public managers of the municipality, questionnaires applied with the local population, as well. as it involved bibliographic and documentary research that help guide new paths for local policies. From the data collected, it is observed that currently the municipality of Porto Murtinho has public facilities capable of serving the population, considering its size. However, in view of the increase in the flow of people and the possible expected increase in its population, public policies must be in line with such development. In addition, in the city of Carmelo Peralta, the precariousness of public services is evident, especially in health and social assistance. Currently, many Paraguayans already use services on the Brazilian side of the border because they cannot access their place of origin. Thus, it is extremely important that public policies consider the particularities of a border municipality that is about to go through a moment of great development, demanding dialogue and bilateral agreements that aim to guarantee the social rights of local populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present the in-service teacher education program called "Pedagogia de Frontera" (Border Pedagogy) developed between 2016 and 2020, for teachers who teach in the town of Foz do Iguaçu, at Brazil-Argentina-Paraguay border. The methodology is based upon a participatory action research perspective developed by the Colombian sociologist Fals Borda. The research data showed, on the one hand it is possible to plan in-service teacher education programs, considering the trinational context. The in-service teacher education program has allowed teachers to reflect upon the feeling of the border, to be on the border, and to think about education on the border. This study is based upon theoretical concepts coming from authors such as Bell Hooks, Paulo Freire, Orlando Fals Borda, Catherine Walsh, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the political practices of the Ecuadorian conservatives and clergymen exiled in Pasto during the first years of the Liberal Revolution. These practices included armed incursions as well as an intense editorial activity. The experience of exile contributed to redefining Ecuadorian conservatism and also revealed the porosity of the border between Ecuador and Colombia and the transnational dimension of the struggle between conservatives and liberals in the Andean countries in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Referring to the case of three municipalities surrounding Bogotá, we analyze the distinct features and specific implications of metropolization process. We argue this process is not merely a result of typical urbanization dynamics, but it also comes from specific decision of some social groups, omissions, and absence of coordination between territorial bodies. In that sense, the recently established Bogotá-Cundinamarca Metropolitan Region might be an opportunity to address the problems resulting from metropolization processes and solve some of its shortcomings. Furthermore, its potential lies in the possibility of generating a unified vision of the future and effective coordination between the instruments of planning, management, monitoring and control of land use. Finally, based on this article analysis and as a contribution to the discussions of the debate around the Metropolitan Region, we propose a green belt between Bogotá, Cota and Chía, to reduce the tendency to conurbation and the continuous expansion of the urban area of Bogotá over the Sabana Centro province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that many of the recently created cities have undergone a process of accelerated growth and maturation that, in some cases, has not allowed adequate documentation, which, in turn, has caused basic elements of their evolution to be lost; The work presented here has the objective of elaborating a theoretical research framework based on the bibliographic review of the urban-architectural development of the historical picture of one of these embryonic cities: Mexicali, Mexico, which is made up of three sectors that, in turn, they represent the very structure of the urban area; that is, to the center, mixed activities, to east, residential housing, and to west, popular settlements. This approach is intended to expose the fundamental aspects that characterized this founding center, understand both its changes and its deterioration and identify the potential for its historical and patrimonial valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Migrant struggles put in tension central notions to address the political. Centrally, the category of citizenship has motivated extensive debates within migration studies. Objective This work aims to describe and systematize the debates that arise around the category of citizenship for the study of migrant struggles, from the gaze of the autonomy of migrations. Method The studies of referent authors of this perspective of thought that reconstruct and make visible the categories and approaches that are proposed from the gaze of autonomy will be recovered and systematized. Conclusion Autonomy proposes an alternative critical approach to studies that understand the citizen as a predominant form of political subjectivity and that assume citizenship as the political horizon of migrant struggles. Instead, autonomy proposes to center the analysis of migrations in the framework of capitalism, centrally, in the processes of production of subjectivity that emerge from the relations between capital and living labor. Thus, the gaze shifts from the migrant subjectivities linked to the citizen towards the heterogeneous and fragmentary subjective figures that arise from the current processes of multiplication of labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located at the vertex of the Cuchumatanes highlands and the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, in this text we are interested in establishing the way in which, through anthropology and literature, discoveries have been made when reading a geographical space; furthermore, attracted by the connections between these disciplines, we discuss how in the 1980s, as part of a historical and anthropological project, literature was a source to observe this region of the country. We then take examples from literary texts that refer to this particular stretch of the border, which was defined in 1882 by the national states of Mexico and Guatemala. This exercise has an academic interest in that it deepens understanding of an anthropology of literature on the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the changes in the perception about the Democratic Security Policy of Colombia (psd) and its effect on the security at the border between Tachiray Norte de Santander (tns) during 2002-2010. Following the theoretical revision from the disciplines that focus on analyzing security and border studies and their local, regional, national and international perspectives, a qualitative research was carried out by interviewing informers on both sides of the border in order to know their perspectives and compare them with the literature. The results show the emergence of three main categories: ambivalences about the capacity of the State, oscillations on the credibility of the State and the worsening of the quality of life. These categories are divided up into dimensions such as strengthening and weakening of the Sate, violence, population exodus, unemployment, lack of State support concerning development policies and loss of liberties and public security, among others. In all, the categories show that psd strengthened the State capacity but it still needs to rescue and build institutionality. It also changed perceptions about border security and life dynamics at the tns border. A more appropriate evaluation demands more research, with a longer time frame in order to avoid current complexities. Therefore, it is important to continue deepening and evaluating roads of research about the PDD at the Colombian borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural inequality, intensified with the neoliberal project, to which many regions of Latin America such as the Colombian Pacific have been subjected, has contributed to the con- figuration of a context of vulnerability in which multiple types of violence converge, whose effects worsen during humanitarian crises. The purpose of this article is to examine, from a documentary analysis, some of the impacts of COVID-19 in Tumaco under a reading of Necropolítica y Capitalismo Gore proposed by Achille Mbembe (2011) and Sayak Valencia (2010). From this analysis, it is concluded that the geographic border condition, associated with the development of the market that coexists with deep structures of socioeconomic inequality and violence, multiplies the risks to certain lives in moments of crisis. Geographies of poverty, the participation of sujetos endriagos and the circulation of illicit merchandise intensify the necropolitical exercises against Afro-descendant bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serbal (2019) is an unpublished collection of poems by Leonce Lupette (Göttingen, 1986), a French-German writer, poet and translator who has lived in Argentina for several years. In this collection of poems, structured alphabetically as a sort of encyclopedia or incomplete notes, the explorer-botanist-poet proposes an expanded way of seeing and inhabiting reality, exploring ways to describe reality and expressing oneself in a playful exercise of blurring the borders between names and languages. The poems are written in Spanish, but also in German, French, English, Portuguese, Portunhol, among other languages and dialects, and they compel us to look at the world and to inhabit it from the small differences and to build what we could call "inessential communities", paraphrasing Agamben (1996). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: The objective of this article is to analyze the institutional development of identification, registration, and surveillance technologies as central tools in the production of information for the classification, selection, and control of international migrations from 1915 to 1950 in Argentina. Methodology: a qualitative method based on the compilation of documents among which laws, decrees, regulations, resolutions, and consular communications predominate. The analysis of documents allowed recognizing the actors of migratory control to differentiate technologies according to the information they produce and construct the analytic categories that structure the forms in which the State embraces nonnational individuals. Conclusion: The article concludes that the entrance control and permanence control needed the development of new technologies and bureaucracies, and institutions capable of producing information about immigrants' authorized residency in the "national territory." Accordingly, immigration control processes cannot be accomplished without technologies that help identify individuals and their classification between desirable and undesirable. Originality: The article's uniqueness lies in that it understands technologies from the perspective of information production and migratory control, based on a notion of borders extending inside territorial limits through new institutions and individual identity cards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Regeneración, the anarchists of the Mexican Liberal Party, from 1911 to 1918, called on the American and European proletariat to carry out a world revolution that would end capitalism and all forms of authority. Their intention was to make them aware that they would expropriate all the means of production, so they stayed in Los Angeles, California, where they had the conditions to edit Regeneración and have multiple contacts with the acrat press in the United States and Europe. Based on the aforementioned publication, it is shown that they conceived their activity as part of the anarchist revolutionary struggle that had already begun in Mexico and sought the help of the workers of the world, both to arrive in our country and to expand expropriations in the world. The anarchists of the Mexican Liberal Party (PLM) have been analyzed as part of the revolutionary process in Mexico. From that angle, a series of statements about his performance have been made, which have become a common space about his revolutionary intentions. However, their insistent call for world revolution is not addressed, forcing a more complex interpretation that does not adhere to the limited explanations that emerged in the postrevolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the change and adaptation process of miners who became agricultural settlers on the coast of Hermosillo. All of them had been unemployed because of the closure of the copper mine in Pilares, Sonora, in 1949. The methodological perspective applied instruments of social and cultural history with concepts of memory studies. It is possible to identify a fractured identity through the broken projections for the future, forcing settlers to re-elaborate their life stories. The study involved work with orality, which resulted in some limitations that had to be solved with contrast of documentary and historiographic sources. The visibility of a community with a strong presence in the social imagination of Sonora defined the originality of the study, concluding further that there is a pilgrim cultural identity that was formed outside the mining space but with symbolic elements of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is the analysis of public policies after the Covid-19 pandemic on the Colombian / Venezuelan border: Maicao, Colombia - Paraguachón, Guajira Municipality, Venezuela, carrying out a brief examination of the need for specific state measures, after the Current pandemic transition resulting from a virus or infectious disease that appeared since December 2019, which causes various symptoms and pathologies, even lethal, causing the death of countless people in the world. The research is defined from a postpositivist, qualitative, documentary, bibliographic type methodology, based on a prospective view of the subject matter. It is concluded, on the one hand, in the enormous attention that is required from the States involved, through a stable, consolidated health system and a novel employment regime, and on the other, in the need for citizen awareness that leads to self-care and care of others. starting from precise biosecurity measures, without neglecting the need for an efficient vaccine that prevents the continuity of the coronavirus in time and space; all of which must be oriented from the vision of comprehensive public policies in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Tijuana, at Mexico's border with the United States, worn-out old buses connect the urban periphery with one of the busiest ports of entry in the world. These routes make up the lowest strata of the border's system of mobility; in them, the imperative of capitalist mobility, which the border turns into a supreme value, takes exploitation to an extreme and makes fragile any incipient solidarity between workers. Amongst them, an impulse towards the "pure gift" emerges: the absolutely disinterested gift that can barely be recognized as such. This impulse takes shape in the contrast between different kinds of time; it manifests itself, importantly, in acts of linguistic communication, which appear as delicate and fleeting gifts. Focusing on the (non)relationship between the anthropologist and her main interlocutor, this essay uses the ethical complexities of the ethnographic exchange as a starting point for exploring the relationship between time, the gift and communication at the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the relationship between Catholic missionaries and Protestants in the border area of the Brazilian-Colombian Vaupés. Although the presence of Catholics began in the area in 1914, it is not negligible since about 450 religious, including priests and nuns, arrived in the region. The Protestants belonging to two organizations of American origin (New Tribes Mission and Summer Institute of Linguistics) arrived thirty years later and reached a figure of 115 members. Their relationships as well as their differential impact on the populations they missioned are a topic little developed in the mission stories, which in this text is illustrated through consultation of primary sources that detail the links or views of members of different faiths about their counter-parts. The study shows how these views changed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyzes the representations about the educational evaluation, present in teachers of social sciences and students, of establishments with high indexes of vulnerability, of a border region. The research is qualitative and uses focus groups and in- depth interviews. The reduction of the data is carried out according to thematic criteria. It is identified that the evaluation modalities are based on the expectations of the teachers and technical managers, about the abilities of the students and depends on the empowerment of the latter. Students perceive the teacher as a collaborator who makes institutional assessment criteria more flexible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As highlighted in the presentation, the document that is published definitively ditches the debate about when and by whom the Biobío River was constituted in the political and territorial boundary between Hispanics and Mapuches in the kingdom of Chile. Accordingly, this historical demarcation takes effect in 1612 and responds to a direct disposition of the Spanish monarchy, then ruled by King Felipe III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: The following article explores State formation in the frontier towns of Caquetá in the second half of the 19th century. It is argued that, rather than being an abandoned or isolated space, a particular form of government developed in this region that allowed it to engage with the Colombian state. This was vital both for the maintenance of international borders and for the very development of the extractive economies. Originality: The process of state formation in the Amazon is explored through the study of delegative forms of power -characterized by non-state actors exercising state functions--developed throughout the 19th century, which stands in contrast to interpretations centred on the rubber economy as the main factor in the process of incorporating Amazonian frontiers. Methodology: The research is based on the study of primary sources, relying on civil archives and the correspondence of the Capuchin mission. Conclusions: In rainforest and frontier spaces, the State operated under delegative forms of power, which led to unconventional actors appropriating its message of control and domination. This allowed Colombia to maintain its territorial claims, despite its precarious investment and institutional presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to analyze the interaction of the documentation status with access to housing and urban mobility of subjects deported from the United States living in Tijuana, Mexico. Through an inductive approach with 17 semi structured interviews with public officials and activists and biographical interviews, an in-depth analysis was carried out based on 23 cases. The results show that the domiciled vision of the citizen in Mexico responds to that of a spatially fixed citizenship, that is, access to fixed housing requires the possession of identity documents and vice versa. Those who manage to access said documents have an easier time renting a home, while those who do not manage to have documents depend more on the availability of shelters and remain in constant intra-urban movement, which, in turn, subjects them to permanent surveillance and control by the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to build the structure and functioning of the local cross-border labor market between the Soconusco region (Chiapas) and the southwest of Guatemala, from a construction "from below", based on the experience lived by interviewed Guatemalan workers. The cross-border, economic and population perspective was the guide to link the supply and demand of workers, and the places of origin and work destination, to avoid methodological nationalism. The construction of knowledge from daily life allowed to make visible the diversity of the participating actors, as well as the connection between the needs of workers and employers, cross-border labor networks (formal and informal) and the possibilities of crossing, staying and paid work in the neighboring country. The cross-border labor market detailed allows considering new scenarios considering the recent arrival of foreign immigrants to the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the assumptions by which the border security agenda in the extreme north of Chile is constructed and some of its foreseeable consequences. These assumptions focus on the validity of traditional threats and their overlap with elements of renewed security, classified as transnational threats. Based on multiple interviews and discussions with academics and decision makers in 2019, it is determined that interpretations that con- sider border relations as a security field prevail, although they begin to consider speeches referring to cooperatives cross-border dynamics in an incipient way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis on the practices that have become generalized over the past few decades to limit refugees from entering the territory through what has been dominated the dissuasion paradigm, this article uses the literature on labeling to research how asylum has been managed at Spain's southern border over the past three decades. The analysis is based in 34 in-depth interviews conducted between 2016 and 2019 in Madrid, Cádiz, Ceuta and Melilla to members of different public institutions and social organizations involved in the implementation of refugee policies at the Southern Spanish border. The "labeling" of African immigrants as labor migrants (or as "bogus" asylum seekers) has shaped the refugee policies at this border resulting in practices of contention and dissuasion of the flows and restrictions in the access to the Spanish protection system under the priority of the logic of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamics present in the relations between tourism, security and criminality in a border area, observing how the criminal and inequality dynamics coincide territorially with the spaces destined for visitors. The article investigates the case of Ciudad Juárez, a Mexican economic border center that has a significant flow of displacements with the usa. The study was conducted through secondary data on marginalization (2010) and prevailing crime (2010-2015) in Ciudad Juárez. The maps show that the spaces destined for tourism are not found in the most dangerous areas of the city, which implies that the visitor runs very little real risk if they do not extrapolate the dynamics of the comfort zone of the tourist territories. In Juárez, focusing on tourism security, there are much more representations of insecurity than a real threat to tourists who will hardly leave the comfort zones of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, conflicts and clashes between different powers in the border territories of America did not stop growing. And each of the participants in that colonial race sought native allies to use them as military support units. But the different European nations also needed information for their possible actions, and misinformation for their rivals. Among the most obvious examples of this dynamic is the vast territory of Louisiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war efforts in North America on the Pacific coast during World War II rekindled the tourist flow to the city of Tijuana. However, the prominence that tourism businesses had maintained, since the so-called era of Prohibition, regarding the organization of space was diminished due to of the demands of the growing Mexican population between the decades of the 1940s and 1950s. The purpose of this article is to describe how, in this new urban concentration, citizen groups began to manifest themselves through collective participation in actions and discourses that always struggled to maintain social cohesion through the social, material and moral improvement of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The civilization / barbarism dichotomy, from Sarmiento guiding the national construction process, served as frontiers as one of the founding pieces in the construction of subaltern and excluded national identities. This produced groups that were habitually invisible or, when not, reviled by the national literature subsidiary of the discourse of power. Returning to these categories, frontier and rewriting (Garramuño, 1997), in this article we will try to visualize the deconstructive process carried out by Gabriela Cabezón Cámara's novel, The Adventures of China Iron (2017), to permeabilize, erode and tear down those geographical and imaginary lines and often arbitrary, which we call borders. We start from the hypothesis that this rewriting exercise, in the mere fact of breaking down geographical boundaries, enables, in turn, the dismantling of all social conventions that operate as hierarchical segregators of otherness, for example, names or races, social or cultural backgrounds and, more than anything, gender and sexual orientation. In this way, we can ask ourselves if the blurring of the border, which shielded the dystopian world of the Indian from that of the Christians in Martín Fierro, does not facilitate the entrance to utopia in the rewriting of Cabezón Cámara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]