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In the province of La Pampa, Argentina, a significant portion of the territory is occupied by xerophytic caldén forests. These forests have undergone an intense process of degradation due to inappropriate silvicultural and livestock management, resulting in bushy formations, of low productivity, called "shrub thicket". With the aim of increasing livestock productivity and reducing the risk of wildfires, various interventions are carried out in these forests, generating forest residues that are often not utilized or harnessed. In this context, circular bioeconomy emerges as a conceptual framework challenging the linearity of the current economic model. It proposes the utilization of all residues and by-products from productive activities. The objective of this work is to economically analyze the potential use in the field of forest residues derived from interventions in the native forests of caldén. The estimated minimum and maximum quantities of potential forest residue generated by different interventions ranged between 33.12 and 44.81 Mg.ha-1. The costs necessary to make the waste available were estimated; economic-financial indicators were calculated to determine the necessary volumes to cover costs and achieve benefits. The circular utilization of forest residues from native forests is feasible, provided that viable scales are generated, and reference prices are attractive for agricultural producers and involved economic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the technology proposal for a process of generating electrical energy from the residues of the forest exploitation of the Macurijes Agroforestry Company. For which a proposal for steam boiler technology is analyzed based on the potential of standing forest biomass and forest residues, as well as an analysis of the feasibility of the technology investment project. As a result, 6 MWh of generation is obtained from the turbine coupled to the electric generator based on 62,000 tons per year, 1,666 t/day, which represents around 7/t/hours with a boiler that produces steam at 25 atm or bar at 460 degrees Celsius in 7,000 hours per year as a result of periodic maintenance stops. The boiler to be used must have water tubes since they work at high pressure, are easier to clean, evacuate ashes, combustion products and are safer in their operation and that average PCS of 2,7 Kcal/kg with a humidity of 40 % as a result of the combination of a heterogeneous biomass composed of several forest species and the previous treatment given to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, there has been a notable increase in the world production of synthesis gas from biomass gasification; this process constitutes a way for energy utilization from the thermochemical conversion of forest residues. The objective was to carry out an energy analysis using a residual forest biomass gasification system at the Las Terrazas eco-tourist complex in order to obtain useful energy. A model was developed in the SuperPro Designer software for the gasification of this type of biomass resource, which allows for predicting the evolution of the composition of the lean gas as a function of temperature and the elemental composition of the forest biomass. For the gas produced by gasification, a calorific value of 5.87 MJ/m3 is obtained. In the power block, consisting of a gas turbine with a coupled electric generator, electricity generation is achieved with a capacity to generate. With the waste heat from the turbine's exhaust gases, it is proposed to generate 0.5 kg/s as steam for cooking food and for the sanitary water system of various service facilities of the eco-tourist complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to determine the fraction lengths of the material harvested by the BMH480 forest harvester in the direct harvest of marabou and its correspondence with the requirement established for its use in the generation of electricity by the Ciro Redondo bioelectric plant in the province of Ciego de Avila. The experimental works were carried out in areas occupied by this plant in the provinces of Ciego de Avila and Camagüey during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, using a methodology for the determination of the fraction lengths of harvested material that, combining the sieving method and direct measurement, allowed to establish its percentage by weight according to the ranges established by the requirement. The results obtained showed that the harvested material admissible for use by the bioelectric plant obtained from 87.32 to 97.35% of the total material processed by the combine; however, the existence of fractions with unacceptable lengths due to the established requirement must be analyzed for its solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Foral Law 4/2022 on Climate Change and Energy Transition has been published in the Foral Community of Navarra. This law aims to combat climate change and promote a sustainable energy model. Citizen participation is encouraged, planning and evaluation instruments are established, and renewable energies and energy efficiency are promoted. In addition, energy cooperatives are promoted and measures are established for the installation of photovoltaic systems, the prohibition of fossil fuels in agricultural and livestock farms, and the generation of renewable energy in residential blocks. Local participation in renewable energy projects is also promoted, and measures are established for adaptation to climate change. The law includes additional provisions related to energy transition, ecological taxation, and the training of energy managers. [Extracted from the article]

Silvopasture allows the diversification of production and the increase of economic, social and environmental benefits for land users, since it is an integrated management of trees, pasture and livestock, which constitutes one of the best options to be implemented in the Paraguayan Chaco, due to livestock and an existing forest structure. This research was carried out in private properties in the Departments of Boquerón and Presidente Hayes, in the Western Region of Paraguay, with the objective of determining the nitrogen content in the soil of silvopastoral systems associated with Prosopis spp. (carob tree). Eight plots of 1.0 ha each were established, in which all the carob trees were measured for the estimation of forest biomass, from samples of pastures under and outside the canopy of the trees where, in addition, soil samples were extracted at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm to determine the nitrogen content, estimated from soil organic matter. In the forest inventories, individuals of the Fabaceae family were identified, followed by the Apocynaceae, Bignonaceae, Capparaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapotaceae and Zhygophyllacea families, with the Prosopis genus (carob) being the most abundant, associated with pastures of Megathyrsus maximus, Digitaria decumbens and Cenchrus ciliaris species. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in nitrogen content in the soils of silvopastoral systems between the two conditions of insolation studied, but between the two depths, concentrating in the first 10 centimeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the effects of the tax incentives of the Law 1715 of 2014 (Colombian law of renewable energies) on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of cogeneration plants using forest biomass in the Antioquia Department are analyzed. Generation technologies such as Gasification, Combustion and Rankine Organic Cycle (ORC) were considered based on the energy potential of the forest biomass crops. Three study cases were carried out: 1) LCOE without tax incentives, 2) LCOE with tax incentives, and 3) LCOE with tax incentives considering ten years for assets depreciation. On the other hand, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate how the LCOE is affected due to changes in the forest biomass cost, the technology cost, the minimum acceptable return rate and the grace period on credits to finance the cogeneration plants. Finally, the results show that the LCOE with the ORC (13,2 ¢U$/kWeh) is the case with the greatest reduction (11,2%), when the incentives of Law 1715 of 2014 with assets depreciation at 10 years, financing the 50% of the initial investment and grace period for 5 years are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has altered the areas for forestry plantations (FP) and agroforestry systems (AFS), which provide goods and ecosystem services, such as mitigation of climate change at capturing carbon in biomass. The objective of this study was the estimation of total biomass and carbon storage and fixation in FP and AFS. This research was carried out in the Centro Universitario Regional del Norte (CURDN) of the Universidad del Tolima, located in Armero-Guayabal, Tolima. It was estimated the carbon storage and fixation in aboveground (AB) and bellowground biomass (BB) in seven FP and AFS. It was measured the total height and diameter at breast height (dbh) of trees with dbh>10 cm and diameter at 30 cm height (D30) in cacao plants in temporal sampling plots with different size. AB was estimated using allometric models or alternatively with biomass factor expansion. BB was estimated with a general model recommended by IP CC. FP between 5 and 25 years stored between 18.6 and 64.4 Mg C ha-1; whereas the AFS captured 85.0 Mg C ha-1 (10-15 years). The mean carbon fixation rate was 1.4 and 4.9 Mg C ha-1 year-1 for FP and AFS, respectively. The results showed the importance of these systems as mitigators of climate change and emphazises the advantages of involving AFS as carbon sinks allowing also the agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, a technical-economic study was carried out for the generation of electric energy from agro-industrial and forest biomass at the sugar mill Antonio Sánchez in Aguada de Pasajeros, Cienfuegos, Cuba. The technical diagnosis of the existing facility allowed us to identify the weak points of the process. It was determined the steam consumption and the capacity of electric power generation in the current conditions and with increased capacity to estimate the electricity delivered to the National Electric system. The mass and energy balances were carried out considering the investment to install an extraction-condensation turbo generator and a high-pressure boiler. The three alternatives proposed: one using the bagasse of the plant itself as fuel, as well as an additional amount of another tributary and the agricultural wastes from the sugar cane; another variant in which forest biomass is added as fuel; and a third with increase of the processing capacity using the possible biomasses. The economic assessment highlights that the best alternative is to generate by taking advantage of all the waste with increase incapacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of REDD programs requires accurate estimates of forest carbon. This study reports biomass and carbon in a forest of the Nonuya-Villazul indigenous reservation (RVN) in the Colombian Amazon, based on a permanent plot of 6 ha. The local spatial variation of the biomass and the contribution of the undergrowth were evaluated, two factors that are rarely taken into account. A total average biomass of 336.1 ± 14.0 t.ha-1 was found; 11.5% is in the understory (DAP 1-10 cm) and 88.5% corresponds to trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm; large trees (DAP ≥ 70 cm) are few (4 ± 1 ha) and have a low contribution to total biomass (6.8%) compared to other tropical forests. The biomass is within the range reported for the Amazon basin, is superior to the Western Amazon and similar to the Colombian Amazon. Considering that the RVN has 208800 ha in unflooded forests, a total average of 31.0 Mt C (95% CI 29.1 - 32.04) was estimated. These results allow to locate the forests of the RVN in a global context and improve the forest carbon estimations in the Colombian Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En 2017 se ha actualizado un estudio de 2015 (http://oa.upm.es/39767/13/ MASMADERA.pdf) sobre movilización de madera de coníferas en 24 provincias donde se corta casi el 95 % de dicha madera. Se ha detectado un aumento de la demanda que ha incrementado los precios de la madera delgada y media. Las cortas aumentaron un 40 % entre 2011 y 2014 hasta alcanzar, como media, el 53 % del crecimiento bruto. Pero hay diferencias interterritoriales, incluso disminuyen las cortas en algunas regiones, aunque la situación del mercado representa una oportunidad sin precedentes para la gestión forestal activa. Se valoran, partiendo de entrevistas a 70 expertos y decisores, las principales barreras y las iniciativas de éxito para esta movilización. Finalmente, se analizan cualitativamente otros retos y oportunidades, como la optimización de las cadenas de suministro o la reactivación del aprovechamiento de los montes bajos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Montes is the property of Colegio y Asociación de Ingenieros de Montes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The hydrothermal gasification of sawdust pine (Pinus arizonica) is a process of thermochemical degradation of polymeric macromolecules in order to produce mainly hydrogen and methane as biofuels. This process can occur in a fluidized bed reactor which allows an appropriate gas-solid proper temperature management and a faster reaction. The purpose is to model and simulate process variables where this forest biomass is gasified from the respective sensitivity analysis. It is obtained that the conversion of gasification reaction of pine sawdust increases at temperature higher than 900 °C showing a behavior that tends to be isothermal suggesting an energetically self-sustaining process. In turn it improved reaction for pine sawdust feed with an optimum particle size diameter of 0,65 mm; it is favored for low ratios steam / biomass fed in reaching the optimal 2,375; and at low air / biomass relationship with an optimum value of 0,289. It is evident that this process is a way of harnessing energy from thermochemical conversion of these wastes and forestry residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protected natural areas represent one of the strategies for the mitigation of climate change. The aim of this research consists of estimating the carbon content in forestry biomass found in mineral soils and calculating the carbon losses due to changes in soil use in the Park (PNM). The surface area of the Park (PNM) is 17.496,34 ha and houses 1.544,377,66 mg in Wood and 4.148,958,97 mg in soil. To estimate the content of forestry biomass allometric equations were applied and work was done with the cartography of the INEGI (National Institute of Statistics and Geography) in the spacetemporal analysis of the changes in soil use. For soil carbon the values of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) were applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high cost of production of the activated carbons (CA) has led to the search of new raw materials of low cost and high availability, where the flying ashes (CV) arise as an alternative to be considered. In this study, a method is developed for CA's preparation from flying ashes generated by the combustion of forest biomass in a plant of cogeneration of 9.2 GW and captured through a wet scrubber system. These ashes were submitted to a physical treatment, with water steam and CO2 as activators agents. The influence of the temperature was studied (500 and 700°C) and the time of activation (60, 90 and 120 minutes) on the characteristics of texture of the carbons activated from the analysis of their isotherms of adsorption and the study of their porosities. In addition, the percentage of ashes and the performance were determined. The results show that the activated carbons are adjusted to the isotherm of adsorption of N2 to 77 K of the type I according to BBDT classification. The activated carbons obtained with CO2 to 700°C and time of activation of 90 and 120 minutes present the maximum values of specific area, of 489 and 403 m2g-1 respectively, are predominantly microporous, with performances superior to 70 % and percentages of ashes of between 35 % and 40 %. The results demonstrate that the obtaining from activated carbons across the physical activation of flying ashes from the combustion of forest biomass is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently work was carried out a technician-economic study for the electric power generation starting from agro industrial and forest biomass in the central Antonio Sánchez of the municipality Aguada de Pasajeros, Cienfuegos. It was carried out an I diagnose technician of the existent installation what allowed to determine the weak points of the process. The consumptions of vapor and the capacity of electric power generation were determined under the existent conditions to know the quantity of electricity given to the System National energy. The balances of mass and energy were made considering an initial investment to mount an I upset of extractioncondensation and a boiler of high pressure, thinking about two main variants: One using as fuel the trash of the own power station and a tributary additional quantity of another central one as well as the Agricultural Residuals Cañeros and another variant in which one adds forest biomass as fuel for the electricity generation. It was carried out the economic evaluation of both variants and the evidences are given that the best alternative is to generate taking advantage of all the residuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the results and conclusions of the study are presented on the consumption of different energy payees in the province of Guantánamo, it becomes special emphasis in the forest fuels where the preponderant use of this energy was estimated for the industrial residential, small sectors (bakeries and ladrilleras) and nutritious state (collective dining rooms), starting from the methodology denominated for "final uses", with which the energy consumption is determined keeping in mind the necessities or energy tasks. It was determined the saturation and firewood consumption and coal in the province, in the residential sector; the saturation of wooden fuels is of 77 %, concentrating on this sector 89,4 % of the consumption of these fuels. The provincial total consumption of woodfuels in the analyzed sectors is of 562 430 m³/año equivalent to 79 527,6 ETP. The energy contribution of the firewood represented 29,10 % with regard to all the energy sources (renewable and conventional) that were used in the territory during the year 2000. The inconsistency is demonstrated in the accounting of the firewood consumption and coal keeping in mind that in the year 1999 it is reported in the Statistical Annual of Cuba a consumption, in all the homes of the country, of 133 thousand m³ , that it is equal to 23,6 % of the consumption of the province of Guantánamo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]