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Copyright of Argentinian Journal of Respiratory & Physical Therapy (AJRPT) is the property of Asociacion Civil Cientifica de Difusion y Promocion de la Kinesiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and objective: The main causes of vertigo in childhood are benign and have a favorable prognosis, the most prevalent being recurrent vertigo of childhood and vestibular migraine [1]. Less frequent are the central causes of vertigo, but most of them are associated with serious and lifethreatening disorders, hence the importance of making an early diagnosis and thus being able to start a specific treatment for each pathology. Method: A narrative review of the literature in the Pubmed, Dialnet and SciELO databases of articles published on causes of central vertigo in childhood in the last 15 years has been carried out. Conclusions: The structural core causes of vertigo in childhood are varied and rare. They are characterized by associating the vestibular clinic with other central neurological symptoms and headache. the seriousness of some of them, it is necessary to make an early diagnosis through imaging tests, mainly MRI, and start a specific treatment as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to provide information about typical pathologies of senile big cats which can occur under human care since captivity often increases the life expectancy of the species. A case of an adult male African Lion is presented, which shows acute spinal cord ataxia and does not yield to anti-inflammatory analgesic therapy. Chemical containment is decided for the diagnostic route in order to show the possible cause of the disease in the animal. Clinical examination, hematological and biochemical profile are performed, in addition to serology of infectious diseases and radiographic examination under general anesthesia. The results show lesions in intervertebral discs compatible with multiple degenerative disc disease. Cited in the literature and in the results of this work, degenerative diseases can occur in senile big cats under human care. Complementary methods allow having a diagnosis and prognosis for decision making considering animal welfare. After diagnostic verification, the patient euthanasia is decided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Metronidazole is an active antibiotic against anaerobic and protozoal germs. It has been associated with gastrointestinal or genitourinary adverse effects, although they have also been described in nervous system, which are infrequent and generally reversible after discontinuation of the drug. CLINICAL CASE: A 70-year-old male patient who presented symptoms compatible with cerebellar involvement after metronidazole administration for one month, with disappearance of symptoms and neuroimaging findings after discontinuation of the drug. On the other hand, transient apical dyskinesia was diagnosed based on the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities triggered by the acute stress caused by the neurological involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Neurotoxicity due to metronidazole is a rare adverse effect that may produce this antibiotic; clinical and radiological relieve when the drug is suspended is characteristic. Our case was associated to takotsubo myocardiopathy due to the stress provoked by the neurological disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the prototype of prion illness in humans, it is a rare and clinically heterogeneous entity as well as an important differential diagnosis in rapidly progressing dementias. The definitive diagnosis is based on a biopsy of brain tissue; however, given the limitations of this study, there are diagnostic test that, in combination with the clinic, make a probable diagnosis. In Mexico there are few registered cases and there are no epidemiological data in this regard. CLINICAL CASE: A 69-year-old male patient from Nuevo Leon, Mexico, without a significant personal history who started with a rapidly progressive dementia and myoclonic movements who presented a 14-3-3 positive protein in cerebrospinal fluid, the electroencephalogram and nuclear magnetic resonance both with typical data for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. CONCLUSIONS: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is little suspected and in Mexico is little reported; before this situations it is important to have it in mind and include it among the differential diagnoses of neurological disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes a clinical case of a woman with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) who presents suicidal behavior and associated endocrinopathies. SCA10 is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by ataxia, psychiatric disorders, and seizures. It is caused by expansions of the ATXN10 gene on chromosome 22q13.11. This disease is more common in Mexican, Brazilian, and Argentine populations. In addition to motor symptoms, patients with SCA10 may experience fatigue, severe depression, anxiety, and endocrine disorders. In this case, the patient also presents epilepsy, personality changes, suicide attempts, major depressive disorder, congenital hypothyroidism, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea. This study describes the case of a woman with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) who presents suicidal behavior and endocrinopathies associated with the massive expansion of the ATXN10 gene. The patient also presents seizures, parkinsonism, hypothyroidism, and galactorrhea. An expansion of approximately 5000 repetitions of the pentanucleotide ATTCT was found in the ATXN10 gene. This case is the first to report these symptoms associated with a high-penetrance expansion in SCA10. The article presents a case of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) who experiences behavioral alterations, including suicidal behavior, and associated endocrinopathies. It is mentioned that behavioral alterations could be related to cortical atrophy, the raphe nucleus, and the mesencephalon, as well as the involvement of the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. Additionally, the importance of conducting further clinical studies in patients with SCA10 to expand the understanding of the psychiatric and endocrinological phenotype of this disease is highlighted. An alternative method for the rapid diagnosis of SCA10 is also presented. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND: The lacunar dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome was described by Miller-Fisher in 1967. Although other pathophysiological mechanisms, such as atherothrombotic or embolic infarction have been described, the lacunar hypothesis originally described by Miller-Fisher remains as the main mechanism in this syndrome. CLINICAL CASE: A 59-year-old female patient with history of hypertension who suddenly developed dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome as a result of a lacunar infarction in the left internal capsule, secondary to a hypertensive emergency. After management of blood pressure, neurologic symptoms disappeared, with an excellent prognosis in short and medium term. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other ischemic strokes, a more favorable prognosis has been described in lacunar strokes. In those presenting as dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome mortality is very low with excellent prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: We present the clinical case of a 10-yearold patient with a diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome, a variant of Guillain Barré syndrome, which is rare in children. Case description: Ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, muscle weakness, and ataxia was the patient's clinical picture. Diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome was made based on the clinical data, the presence of albumin-cytological dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the report of an electroneurographic study with abnormal motor neuronconduction and polyradiculoneuropathy of the axonal type. The patient received intravenous immune gamma globulin showing improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: The clinical picture should guide the suspicion of Miller Fisher syndrome, but studies should be carried out to confirm the diagnosis, in order to offer treatment as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two experiments analyzed the role of extinction cues (EC) and stimuli associated to them in the reacquisition of conditioned ethanol tolerance. Ethanol-induced ataxia was measured in 80 rat subjects using a tilting plane, in a 5-phase procedure. The first experiment (which used 4 contexts and 40 rats) showed that the presentation of the extinction context by itself diminished the effectiveness of ECs in reducing response reacquisition. The second experiment (conducted in a single context with 40 rats and using 2 stimulus paired for some subjects or explicitly unpaired for others) showed that a secondary cue can reduce reacquisition, regardless of whether it was paired with the EC or not. The results of mixed and factor analyses of variance suggest that ECs affect response recovery through an association with the extinction context; however, a second-order cue associated to an EC appears to be unable to activate this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colistin or polymycin E is an antibiotic that was discontinued due to its renal and neurologic toxicity related to its colistin sulfate content. These adverse effects have been reduced with the use of sodium colistemathe. There is currently a more frequent use of colistin due to an increase of multi-resistant Gram negative infections, particularly in intensive care units. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with history of surgery due to gastric perforation, use of steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, that developed intra-abdominal abscesses due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. She received 34 days of intravenous colistin and developed skin hyperpigmentation, ataxia and renal failure. These adverse effects disappeared with discontinuation of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FMR1 gene contains an expanded CGG trinucleotide repeats a microsatellite zone CGG whose repeats number is variable in the population. The complete FMR1 mutation usually results in abnormal hypermethylation of the gene and the loss of its expression, clinically reflected in the fragile X syn-drome. The intermediate CGG repeats have been related to the Fragile X-related Tremor / Ataxia Syn-drome and Premature Ovarian Failure. In this study we present 3 related patients: mother, daughter and son, in whom the determination of the expanded CGG of FMR1 and its methylation status was car-ried out, as well as a description of the clinical pictures are presented. We conclude that in patients with expanded FMR1, the clinical manifestations seem to represent a continuous spectrum ranging from behavioral alterations, movement disorders and neuropathy to typical fragile X syndrome. High index of suspicion should always be maintained in patients with complex neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of undefined etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ataxias are an heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiologies. Scales are used to understand better its natural history and evaluate properly drug efficacy in clinical trials. SARA and ICARS scales have been the most studied and validated so far. BARS scale is based on a modified form of the ICARS scale and is valid, reliable and sufficiently fast for clinical purposes. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. Kruskall-Wallis test was used. We administered BARS to children from 4 to 18 years of age, with ataxic syndrome, without cognitive impairment, in active status, from February, 2007 to September, 2014, at the CRIT (Centro de Rehabilitación Infantil Teletón) from Chiapas, Mexico. Results: 14 children were included. The main BARS score was 17.9/30; 4H syndrome with the worst score was 27.6/30; ataxia telangiectasia 15.6/30; ataxic cerebral palsy 12/30; and others 16.1/30. Kruskall-Wallis test did not show a significant statistically difference when comparing the etiology with BARS score (p = 0.068). Conclusions: BARS items were an easy way to assess ataxic clinic in children; worse condition was found in neurodegenerative ataxias and better results in ataxic cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a type of systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Atypical Kawasaki disease is defined as that where there are signs and symptoms not corresponding to the classical criteria for this nosological entity. Children with atypical Kawasaki disease may present with acute abdominal symptoms, meningeal irritation, pneumonia or renal failure. Clinical cases: We describe 4 children with ages ranging from 2 to 12 years who had atypical Kawasaki disease, with neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms as part of the systemic presentation of the disease. Treatment consisted of immunoglobulin and corticosteroids with good evolution. Conclusions: KD is a systemic vasculitis that can involve many territories. Atypical manifestations can mislead the clinician and delay diagnosis. Pediatricians and sub-specialists should be aware of these neurological manifestations in order to provide adequate and opportune treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Degenerative ataxias consist of a heterogeneous group of diseases that are divided into a majority of hereditary entities and also sporadic forms. In an effort to make a thorough study and to improve the quality of care of these patients, we have designed a new clinical protocol that attempts to characterize the condition of each patient, considering monitoring and future treatments. The collection of this data will allow us to ascertain the entities that occur in our environment and make the best algorithm. We present here an analysis of 147 cases studied during the last 2 years with 85 cases of hereditary ataxias, of which the most common are dominant: SCA2 (20%) followed by SCA3 (12.3%) and recessive of which 6 confirmed FA cases and 1 case with pending molecular diagnostic, and finally, an important group of sporadic ataxias (62 cases) in which we have individualized “Friedreich ataxia-like” syndromes in young adults and cases pointing out mitochondrial diseases while in subjects over age 40, multiple system atrophies predominate. To diagnose these entities we applied the algorithm first introduced in the Medical-Surgical Meeting in December 2014 and in this publication. Our effort is only starting and we have to coordinate with geneticists especially in the study of sporadic early-onset ataxias. This report reflects the current status of ataxias followed in the INNN-MVS. It highlights the requirement for special attention to these patients as well as highly specialized studies to better define these conditions and not to forget those with specific treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic myelopathy by Gurltia paralysans is, apparently, a South American disease, but little is known about it. It is a medullary disorder caused by a parasite that in its adult form, it is lodged in the spinal veins of cats causing a hemorrhage by suffusion that compromises the spinal cord in a variable way. It has been proposed that domestic cats are accidental guests, and that small wild cats such as the huiña cat (Felis guigna) in Chile, or the cat of the pampas (Felis geoffroyi) in Brazil and Argentina, are the definitive hosts, housing the parasite in the lung. Cats are likely infected by ingesting small lizards. The affected animals present typical signs of chronic myelopathy, with varying degrees of affection, from ataxia to severe paraparesis, depending on the time of evolution. The main lesions are between T10 and L2, with projection up to L5-L6. The affected cats always live in rural areas, and this parasitosis has not been diagnosed in any urban area. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history of slowly progressive chronic myelopathy and the habitat of sick cats. Recently a PCR technique has been developed that allows the identification of parasitic DNA in the CSF of the affected cats. The treatment is based on the application of ivermectin, and it is most effective if it is implemented early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the case of a 23 year-old female patient disoriented in space and time, with an oppressive left-sided temporal headache, associated with ataxia, and bradypsychia. Methods. A possible multiple sclerosis associated to the clinical and paraclinical tests was suspected at the beginning. An acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was suspected and treated with methylprednisolone pulses and patient was discharged. Within a month, she required again due to exacerbation of neurological symptoms given by a loss of strength in upper and lower limbs, dysarthria, wetting, and drowsiness. Devic's disease was diagnosed initially. Because response to corticosteroids was not the expected, it was decided to treat with plasmapheresis; in addition, new tests were requested to rule out the suspected disease. Results. Treatment was focused on a possible diagnosis of Susac's syndrome with an arteriography retinal test and potential auditory evoked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistically, intracranial malignant melanoma in the population is approximately 0.005 cases / 100 000, with a prevalence towards the male population. Principles have been described to the approach for diagnosis and surgical oncologic treatments. We present a case report of a man 39-year-old, with evolution characterized by headache, lateralization gait, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, truncal ataxia and Romberg. Star ting the diagnostic protocol is identified by MRI the presence of a lesion in the right posterior fossa, with significant edema. That is why it is scheduled for surgical management, achieving total resection of the lesion and subsequent report by the Clinical Pathology Service as melanoma. Immunohistochemistry tests being positive S100 and HMB 45 in the extension studies for ophthalmology, dermatology and gastroenterology with conducting Panendoscopy was not possible to find another source of tumor growth. The study of positron emission tomography showed no positivity across the previously known save intracranial growth. Conclusion: patterns of diagnosis of melanoma of the central nervous system make it essential to thoroughly investigate possible sites of origin and rule out metastatic lesions; regarding the management, consider total ablation wherever possible and the use of aggregate cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre las escalas motoras y las características de la resonancia magnética (IRM) cerebral en una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington (EH). Antecedentes: los síntomas cerebelosos, junto con otras alteración motoras, afectan severamente a los pacientes con EH, sin embargo, su significado clínico está escasamente estudiado. Aquí, evaluamos la relación entre el cerebelo y otras escalas motoras (UHDRS, UPDRS, SARA) y mediciones volumétricas por resonancia magnética en pacientes con EH. Métodos: análisis transversal de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos de 38 pacientes y de mediciones en imagen resonancia magnética cerebral de un subconjunto de 22 pacientes pertenecientes a la Clínica de Trastornos del Movimiento del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. Además, los volúmenes cerebrales se compararon con un grupo de control (n=27). Núm. de registro del protocolo: 106/21 Resultados: la edad media de los pacientes fue de 47,0±14,7 años. El 55,3 % eran hombres. [Tabla 1] Al comparar los hallazgos volumétricos de la IRM [Tabla 2], se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, excepto para los volúmenes del tálamo derecho y cerebelo total (p> 0,05). Observamos que los pacientes tienen volúmenes cerebrales más bajos que el grupo control, a excepción del cerebelo que fue mayor en EH. Para la puntuación total de UHDRS, existe una asociación significativa con los volúmenes totales del caudado y del cerebelo. Esto se reflejó en un aumento promedio de 17,52 puntos de la puntuación total de la UHDRS por cada cm3 que disminuye el volumen del caudado; y un aumento promedio de 1,41 puntos de la puntuación total de UHDRS por cada cm3 que disminuyó el volumen total del cerebelo. Incluso cuando se consideraron otras variables como la longitud de los alelos, la duración de la enfermedad, el género y los volúmenes totales del globo pálido y del putamen [Tabla 3]. El análisis de otros modelos ajustados mostró asociaciones significativas entre la puntuación de la parte motora de la UPDRS y el volumen total del putamen, puntuación SARA total y volumen cerebeloso total, la subescala de volumen total del cerebro y corea de la UHDRS y el volumen total del cerebro y la puntuación del movimiento ocular UHDRS. Conclusiones: nuestros datos mostraron, como se esperaba, que los volúmenes cerebrales eran más bajos en EH que en los controles, sin embargo, el volumen del cerebelo fue mayor en los pacientes, como se describió anteriormente en la EH de inicio temprano. En general, se encontró una relación negativa de los volúmenes cerebrales con las puntuaciones de las escalas clínicas. Las características de la resonancia magnética volumétrica contribuyen a la comprensión de las manifestaciones clínicas de esta compleja enfermedad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Degenerative ataxias are the second cause of admission to our clinic, surpassed only by parkinsonism. In its treatment, there is no drug that can effectively stop the progressive course of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment options for patients with degenerative ataxias by using a comprehensive, personalized and specialized rehabilitation as a tool to improve physical disability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal study description was conducted with a sample of 25 patients admitted to our center from 2009-2012 with a diagnosis of degenerative ataxia. The ICARS scales, Barthel Index and SF36 survey were applied before and after treatment. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that therapeutic intervention was more effective for the recovery of the functions related to gait, posture and kinetics as assessed by ICARS functions evaluation. All 25 patients improved these functions, changing the initial median final point from 21 to 15 in gait and posture, and from 30 to 19 points on the kinetic features. Regarding the Barthel Index, only 40% of patients had improvement in the degree of dependence, although all patients achieved higher scores showing greater independence. In all, the median scoring changed from 60 to 86 points. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement was seen in most affected functions, indicating that therapeutic exercise is a mainstay in the treatment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Romberg test is a neurological bedside or office evaluation, searching for sensorial ataxia as etiology in patients suffering of disequilibrium or gait disorders. This test has a high value if it is performed in a meticulous way and its interpretation is adequate; unfortunately, it is often misinterpreted. This must be included in every neurological exam, especially in those patients with dizziness, clumsiness, bobbing and frequent falls. A positive Romberg test is observed in proprioceptive disorders. Their high clinical values depend on a correct performance and interpretation. Some other conditions could show bobbing while perform this test, however is possible to do a differential diagnosis: labyrinthine disorders have a latency between eyes closing time and totting, besides imbalance always is ipsilateral to affected vestibule. In cerebellar disorders, disequilibrium is evident before eyes closing when the patient try to stand with feet close. On the other hand, a true Romberg sign refers to those patients standing up, with feet joined together and that show immediately after closing eyes, intense and multidirectional standing imbalance. H.M. Romberg is known as the first medical doctor that brought order to neurological science. He made many contributions, some of the most important is the original description of achondroplasia, facial hemiatrophy syndrome and pupillary signs in chronic syphilis, but overall sensorial ataxia test. He wrote the first organized neurological book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute and reversible neurologic disorder due to deficiency of thiamin. Chronic alcoholism was the main cause in the past; currently, there are many other situations which favour this condition: prolonged intravenous feeding, hyperemesis gravidarum, anorexia nervosa, regional enteritis, malabsorption syndrome, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and abdominal surgery. Clinical cases: we report six patients, three male and three female, who had in common total parenteral nutrition over two months, secondary to abdominal surgery complications and restriction to enteral nutrition. Clinical manifestations were drowsiness, psychomotor hyperactivity, ophthalmoplegia with bilateral abduction impairment, horizontal nystagmus; three patients with ataxia and appendicular dysmetria. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal T2 hyperintensity of the superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray matter, mammillary bodies and dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, as well as abnormal T1 hyperintensity in both lenticular nucleus from manganese deposits due to total parenteral nutrition. Conclusions: the classical triad is global confusional state, ocular abnormalities and ataxia. However, using the Caine criteria, the diagnosis could be faster in susceptible patients without previous alcoholism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina Veterinaria & Zootecnica is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the most frequent signs and symptoms as presentation of brain neoplasms and the average time between onset of symptoms and positive diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in the Pediatric Hospital of Camagüey in a period of 15 years of all cases diagnosed as brain tumors. The sample was 73 patients. The variables studied were related to each other. Results: The most frequent clinical presentation was ataxia (46 %), diagnosed primarily in children younger than 5 years. Headache was one symptom of presentation in 28 patients (38.3 %). Nausea and vomits was included in the onset manifestations in 35.6 % of the sample. Histologically, the tumor more regularly diagnosed was medulloblastoma. The average time between onset of symptoms and positive diagnosis was 7 months for infratentorial lesions and 5 months for supratentorial lesions. Conclusions: The delay in the diagnosis of brain tumors in children may be important prognostic implications. The recognition of different forms of presentation and the appropriate use of imaging may improve the prognosis of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a nine year-old girl, previously healthy, attended in the Emergency Department for acute neurological complaint of 24 hours evolution, consistent with cerebellitis (fever, ataxia, tremors, dysdiadochokinesia), without evidence of heart failure. Electrocardiography showed changes suggest viral myocarditis probably with severe injury to conduction system manifested by right bundle branch block, with fast progression to second-degree atrioventricular block that recovery with steroid bolus. She was sent to tertiary pediatric center outcome to lethal arrhythmia. Echocardiography and resonance magnetic imaging allow a more acute diagnostic. Complex molecular interactions between viruses and host immune response mediated pathophysiology therefore immunoglobulin IV and interferon are promissory treatments. Myocarditis is a big challenge diagnostic by high risk of mortality and severe chronic cardiac sequels. Electrocardiography remains as a highlight diagnostic tool within emergency room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of Wooblers syndrome is described in a complete male 14-year-old horse from the town of Cereté (Cordoba, Colombia). This condition is also known as equine cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM), which is a disease characterized by developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis resulting in intermittent or continuous compression of the spinal cord. This patient showed to have signs of incoordination which included stumbling, symmetrical ataxia, paresis or weakness, spasticity and loss of propioception, particularly in the hindquarters, so that radiology was performed to detect cervical spinal canal stenosis at the level of the cervical vertebrae C4. These findings are related as Wooblers syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a native plant from Latin America that is mainly used as food. However, it contains cyanogenic compounds that have been associated with neurological diseases, such as tropical ataxic neuropathy and konzo. The aim of this paper was to conduct a critical review of the literature to describe the nutritional proper ties of cassava, provide epidemiological data present neurotoxic effects, and discuss the possible relationship to neurological diseases such as tropical ataxic neuropathy and konzo. We reviewed (the Scopus,Embase, PubMed and Elsevier) databases and local libraries to analyze ar ticles in English, French and Spanish published between 1964 and 2010. The analysis showed that in unprotected populations of developing countries, food-derived diets rely on easy and economical crops, such as cassava, but this plant contains cyanogenic compounds that exer t neurotoxic ef fects that appear to predispose an individual to neurological disease when it is consumed in abundance or inadequately prepared. These diseases are often endemic in African countries, but Latin America, may also be affected because the consumption and cultivation of cassava has increased in this region in recent yeras. In conclusion, cassava can be an alternative food source in developing countries, but considering its possible association with neurological diseases, additional studies are necessary to avoid the possible health problems associated with its consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a 10-year old previously healthy girl, who was brought to the Emergency Room because of gastric-content vomit, accompanied by daily headache not associated with physical activity. Her gait was ataxic; there was muscle weakness and right-sided lateralization. A cranial computed tomography showed a mass in the fourth ventricle. A brain magnetic resonance was performed to obtain information on the characteristics and size of the mass prior to surgical treatment. The patient was operated; 90% of the tumor was removed. Histopathologically the tumor was reported a diffuse B-cell lymphoma. The patient is currently under a chemotherapy protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report herein the case of a 14 month-old Mexican female, without previous neurologic symptoms, who developed an opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome. There was no previous history of infectious processes. She responded poorly to prednisone and partially to intravenous immunoglobulin G. An MIBG scintigraphy showed chromaphin tissue in the abdomen. A CT-scan showed an abdominal mass. The tumor was completely resected, and a stage I differentiated neuroblastoma was confirmed by histopathology. Her neurologic status improved significantly after the surgical resection of the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes a case of a 3 month old female miniature schnauzer that exhibited excessive salivation, ataxia and disorientation after consuming puppy food. The physical examination revealed delayed growth for the puppy's age, an altered mental status, and a behavior of pushing its head against the walls. Hematological tests revealed a five-fold increase in ALT and a three-fold increase in FA. Abdominal X-rays revealed microhepatica, confirmed by ultrasound. Portosistemic anastomosis was the presumptive diagnosis. Medical and dietary treatment resulted in a favorable clinical evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The neurolinguistic diagnosis of dysarthria is typical in cases of ataxia and cerebellar syndromes, as consequence of motor disorders that disrupt the motor program preventing the correct completion and coordination of joint movements, velar, of the vocal chords, of the thoracic cage. Within this context, dysprosody plays an important social role, which is the focus of an integral strategy for language development, that starts from a detailed evaluation of language itself. The main objective of this paper was to characterize language and to determine dysprosody variations, starting from an intervention strategy designed for this purpose in 32 ataxic patients. Method: The strategy was developed during a minimum cycle of 28 days. To analyze the language characterization, the percentage, mean and mode were applied and for therapy the ICARS items related to language. All data were processed with the non parametric Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that coordination difficulties have a repercussion on language; significant statistical changes were obtained after the application of a strategy aimed to dysprosody applied in a systematic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review, we propose a diagnostic algorithm for patients with non dominant ataxia. Clinical and molecular issues are discussed, as well as the historical and physiopathogenic aspects. Discussion: Friedreich Ataxia (FA) is the most common autosomal recessive ataxia in Caucasian population, with an estimated frequency of 1/40 thousand liveborns. It is characterized by early-onset of progressive truncal and gait ataxia, impaired vibratory sense and absent lower limb tendon reflexes. It is caused by a homozygous expansion of a GAA repeat in intron 1 of the FXN (Frataxin) gene, which encodes a protein involved in mitochondrial iron metabolism. Recent reports have identified patients with typical FA features that do not harbor the classic mutation, and genetic heterogeneity has also been suggested; therefore various disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of FA. Therefore, we propose a clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of recessive and sporadic ataxias. Conclusions: the accurate etiologic diagnosis of recessive and sporadic ataxia is relevant for the appropriate treatment and prognosis of afflicted patients. In our opinion, a thorough clinical evaluation is essential to optimize this procedure and to select the right confirmatory molecular tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)