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The cultivation of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) is promoted as a productive and ecological alternative, especially in agroforestry systems, although research is still required to address its impact on soil chemical conditions. This study aimed evaluate the possible effects of five types of land use on the chemical properties of horizons A and B in soils of the Colombian Amazon: agroforestry system of H. brasiliensis with timber and fruit trees, agroforestry system of H. brasiliensis associated with stubble, H. brasiliensis monoculture, secondary forest as positive control and native grass as negative control. The conditions of pH, exchangeable aluminum, organic carbon, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, base saturation and cationic exchange capacity were evaluated. Similarities in soil chemical properties were found between secondary forest, agroforestry systems with fruit trees and agroforestry systems associated with stubble. The H. brasiliensis monoculture did not present significant differences with the native pasture. The pH was the only variable affected by soil use, while the percentage of organic carbon and the contents of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium changed depending on the A and B horizons, demonstrating that the variability of the chemical fertility of the clay soils of the Amazon are more related to the characteristics of their horizons than to the type of land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research addressed the technical-forestry procedure for the design of an agroforestry system in the Quincha Caranqui community. The property under study does not have a technical agroforestry design and presents a decrease in its expected regular productive capacity due to inadequate agricultural practices and inappropriate spatiotemporal arrangements. The objective of the study was to characterize and design an Andean agroforestry system, according to the property. A methodology with a qualitative approach, descriptive scope and non-experimental design was proposed. For this, Somarriba's theory of Agroforestry Diagnosis and Design was applied, adapted to the local context, considering three dimensions: a) biophysical, b) social and c) economic diagnosis to finally design and propose a structure of the Andean agroforestry system that respects the traditional and incorporates current techniques and practices adapted to the Andean region. As a result, the biophysical diagnosis was described as having plots with different sizes, of irregular shape, for each subplot and the existing Andean biocultural diversity was recorded, as demonstrated by the types of crops, species of fruit trees, forest species and the inclusion of animals. In socioeconomic terms, the family showed a willingness to invest and improve the performance and diversify the productivity of the property. Two agroforestry systems were proposed: one agroforestry, with the practice of mixed live fences at a distance between plants of 1.5 meters with the forest species of Alnus acuminata, Buddleja incana and Erythrina edulis and another silvopastoral, where the tree practice was applied. in pastures with a distance of 8 meters between rows and a space of 10 meters between plants, with the species Erythrina edulis. It is concluded that these practices will benefit both the family and the fertility of the soil, thanks to the characteristics and benefits of forest species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in agricultural biodiversity is one of the keys to success. In the efforts of achieving a sustainable agriculture, the fundamental motivation in this research, was to evaluate the impact of the diversification of short-cycle crops in a System Agroforestry of Theobroma cacao L., in the Jamal massif, Baracoa municipality, on Sialitic Brown soil, undulating relief and average slope of 15 percent. Taking an extensive bibliographical review as a starting point, the materials and methods were established, selecting two plantations located in the same edaphoclimatic conditions. In one of them, alternatives were applied for the diversification of crops in the cocoa agroforestry system (polyculture) and in the other the normal conditions of the management of monoculture plantations were maintained. Plantings were carried out during the period from February 2017 to the first semester of 2018, in the Jamal cocoa massif, Baracoa municipality. Short cycle crops used: Zea mays L. (corn), Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin), Cajanus cajan (L.) (pipe pigeon pea) Huthy, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. (malanga). The productive efficiency of intercropping crops was compared to those carried out in monoculture, for which the equivalent index of land use (IET) was used. Coinciding with several expert researchers on the subject, it was validated that polycultures achieved greater efficiency than monoculture crops by presenting IET values greater than unity (1), without affecting the main crop and its yields. It was shown that associating short-cycle crops with cocoa cultivation allows obtaining various crops, increasing agricultural production, generating additional income for the producer and improving their food sovereignty, factors that positively impact the sustainability of the cocoa agroforestry system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The decrease in the sources that provide timber in Ecuador, such as natural forests, is being reduced and with this it is necessary to find new and innovative alternatives for the management of forestry of forest species. Agroforestry technologies offer sustainable production of goods and services among these wood products. The objective of this research was to study the behavior of the forest species Alnus nepalensis, Schizolobium parahyba, Swietenia macrophylla and Cordia alliodora in association with three perennial fruit species: Citrus lemon, Citrus aurantifolia and Annona muricata, under an agrosilvicultural arrangement. The study was conducted in the Santa Marianita community of Caliche, Mira canton, province of Carchi. The experimental design used was blocks with three repetitions, the trial was established in rows interspersed between forest and fruit species; Monthly evaluations of the variables were performed: survival, height, basal diameter and the annual current increase (ICA) was determined. The information was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, frequencies, regression and correlation. The variables analyzed are considered mostly homogeneous with a tendency to normal distribution; the coefficients r and R2 allow to infer that the species have a proportional growth. In survival, growth in height, basal diameter and annual current increase A. nepalensis presents the best results; From the Student's t-test it was determined that the behavior of the four forest species is statistically very different, however there are differences in the growth rates it is evident that the four forest species have a linear growth trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop economically and environmentally sustainable productive activities, the effect of three agroforestry systems (SAF) of the cocoa crop was evaluated. The variable responses were the capture and storage of carbon, in the shrub, tree and soil biomass. The SAF of cocoa were from different physiographic units with ages, under 8 years, between 8 to 16 years and over 16 years. The statistical design was used completely at random, the allometric method; the organic carbon estimate was determined by the Walkley and Black method. The highest total carbon storage was reached by the SAF over 16 years with 344.24 t C / ha, the SAF between 8 and 16 years with 178.61 t C / ha, and the SAF under 8 years with 154.91 t C / ha. higher organic carbon was found in the soil in the SAF with cacao less than 8 years old, with 66.16 t C / ha between the soil layer of 0 to 10 cm. The economic analysis VAN, TIR and RB / C indicated that the best result was the SAF under 8 years with S /. 2627.66; 23.85%; and 1.40 respectively. The SAF over 16 years, obtained the S/. 1331.38, 21.64%, 1.21%, providing more environmental services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research was conducted at the Pastures and Forages Research Station “Indio Hatuey" in order to determine the organoleptic, physical and chemical characteristics of the honey produced by Melipona beecheii. For the extraction and packaging of the honey; sterile syringes and dry sterilized flasks, properly labeled, were used. After that, in the samples, where the presence of pollen grains from Gliricidia sepium was detected, a sensorial, physical and chemical analysis was conducted based on the following indicators: aspect, color, smell, taste, texture, humidity (g/100 g), free acidity (meq/100 g), pH and soluble solids (g/100 g = %). Moreover, the content of different sugars in the honey was determined through a HPLC analysis. The pH values were around 3,6, the free acidity was 35,0 meq/100 g, and humidity, 24 %. On the other hand, the sensorial analysis was in agreement with the quality specifications recommended in the Cuban Quality Norm, because the honey did not show any unpleasant taste, smell or color. It is concluded that the M. beecheii honey showed excellent quality, because it did not undergo any apparent degradation process; that is why it can be considered as fresh honey, which constitutes a key requisite for any feedstuff destined to human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out from Sept, 2006 to June 2008 in the Idio Favier Favier "UBPC", located in La Cuabita "Basic Agroindustrial Unit belonging to the Coffee and Cocoa Enterprise, located in the Montains of Nipe -- Sagua & Baracoa. The trial was developed over sialithic soil (Brown with carbonate, fairly washed out). The study area had a total extent of 57. 78 ha, form which 28.82 ha were panted with coffee and served for other purposes, with the intention of diversifying in areas not capable of productivity were planted in order to fight degradation of the soil. The experiment area had 3 ha in it several platatations of fructal tres were made: Persea americana injertado 8x8 m, Psidium guajaba L injertada 4x4 m y Malpighia glabra Millsp.Linn 4x4 m con dos tipos de cobertura viva Zabrina péndula y Phaseolus vulgaris. Taking as breaking point a randomized block design with, 6 treatments were made taking into account 2 factors: fructal species and live mulch and four replicates, measuring 6 plants randomly, to evaluate each species in a 3 months interval after seeding. As a result, the morphological patterns were best developed in treatments 3, 4 and 6, and the soil lost in treatment 2, with 0, 95 t/ha-1 after 12 months of first experiment, which was 14, 38 t/ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]